How do we define and control social behavior

SOCIAL CONTROL

Mechanisms that attempt to deter deviant behavior

Means to promote stability within society

DEVIANCE

Any behavior that deviates from the norm

Culture dictates what is and is not deviant

Power structures dictate what is deviant

Sanctions Rewards and punishments

Laws Laws are created in response to social

needs Social process of developing regulation Laws change based on time and needs Agents of the state enforce laws

Deviance Behavior that violates social norms and

standardsDeviants

Individuals that violate social norms and standards

Could also be made up of social groups

Social labels applied to deviant behavior Social labels that are attached to

individuals that commit certain acts Negative in nature, the worse the act,

the harsher the stigma

Popular in Criminal Justice Argues that labeling someone will

increase their chances of assuming that role

By assuming someone will “be” something; they will become it

Which groups have the power to determine what is deviant

How is deviance and social control explained by the three major theories Functionalist POV Conflict POV Interactionist POV

SOCIAL CONTROL

Rules and regulations are needed for stability

Methods of control are needed to maintain order

Rules are understood by all and imposed equally

DEVIANCE

Maintains social stability and structure

Provides examples of what not to do

Provides JOBS

Establishes right and wrong

Explanation of deviance

Structural-functionalist theories Anomie - the breakdown of the norms

guiding behavior leads to social disorganization

Strain theory - those with fewer resources are less able to achieve societally shared goals and may resort to deviant behaviors to achieve their desired goals

SOCIAL CONTROL

Emerges as a response to deviant behavior

Necessary to maintain order and stability

Reduces ANOMIE by establishing expectations

DEVIANCE

Deviance emerges as social structure erodes

Eventually becomes part of society

Community defines what is deviant

Anomic theory of DevianceHow can anomie contribute to

deviance Less integration = more deviance Goals are creates along with acceptable

means of achievement

Merton’s ways of adapting to strain

Conformity - embracing the society's definition of success and adhering to the established and approved means of achieving success

Innovation - use of illicit means to reach approved goals

Ritualism - strict adherence to culturally‑ prescribed rules, even though individuals give up on the goals they hoped to achieve

Retreatism - giving up on both the goals and the means

Rebellion - rejecting the socially approved ideas of "success" and the means of attaining that success, but replaces those with alternative definitions of success and alternative strategies for attaining the new goals

DEVIANT

Innovator Finds an alternative

Ritualist Day to day activities

Retreatist Rejects means and goals

Rebel Rejects means and goals

but offers alternative social structure

NON-DEVIANT

Conformist Accepts means and

goals of mainstream society

Does not deviate from established means to achieve goals

Accepts the norms of society

Social control creates formal institutions to create laws and regulations Becomes bureaucratic in nature to

comply with rules and regulations System becomes more important for

compliance System of control becomes formalized

SOCIAL CONTROL

Rules and regulations are written by those with power

System tends to favor social groups with power and influence

DEVIANCE

Deviant behavior is defined by those with power

Laws are imposed upon those that question authority

People in power DEFINE deviance

Argues that the upper class will always define deviance to support their position Lower class is always seen as deviant Competition for resources creates deviance White collar crime is not deviant▪ a crime committed by a person of respectability

and high social status in the course of his occupation

▪ Minimum Security prisons

The upper class determine what is wrong The lower class are forced to live by the

laws created by the dominant class The lower class make up a higher % of

“deviants” and deviant behavior

U.S. Population U.S. Prison Population

Crime and individuals:

Laws reflect the current opinion of what is right or wrong

Consensus crimes - members of a society are in general agreement about the serious of the deviant act

Conflict crimes - one group passes a law over which there is disagreement or which disadvantages another group

Types of crime

Predatory or street crimeVictimless or public order crimesHate crimesOrganized crimeOccupational or white collar crimeState organized crimesGlobal crimes

Types of white-collar crimesCrimes against the companyCrimes against employees (e.g., the

neglect of worker safety)Crimes against customersCrimes against the publicWhite-collar crimes are less

publicized, but ultimately more costly and more deadly than violent predatory crimes

Ways of measuring crime Uniform crime reports Self-reported surveys Victimization surveys

Triangulation is best!

SOCIAL CONTROL

Control is created through person to person interaction Peer Pressure Primary Groups Secondary Groups

DEVIANCE

Cultural Transmission Differential

Association Routine Activities

Conformity and Obedience Adhering to norms by following along Obeying authority and rules of the state

Who is involved Primary Groups Secondary Groups

Functionalist POV Emile Durkheim Robert Merton

Conflict POV Karl Marx Antonio Gramsci

Interactionist POV Stanley Milgram Max Weber

Deviance Violation of social

norms Definitions of

deviant behavior Continuation of

deviance Social Control

Methods of control Benefits of control