how do you assess emergent literacy?

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How Do You Assess Emergent Literacy? Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 2 – Barr, R. et. al., (2007) Reading diagnosis for teachers: an instructional approach . Boston, MA.: Benedictine University 1

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How Do You Assess Emergent Literacy?. Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 2 – Barr, R. et. al., (2007) Reading diagnosis for teachers: an instructional approach . Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 1

How Do You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 2 – Barr, R. et. al., (2007) Reading diagnosis for teachers: an instructional approach. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc.

Page 2: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 2

Reading Dimensions of Early Readers

• Phoneme Awareness• Sound of Written Language• Concept of Story• Alphabet Knowledge• Letter-Sound Knowledge• Word Awareness• Sight Vocabulary• Decoding Ability• Spelling Ability• Contextual Reading

Page 3: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 3

Assessments for Emergent Readers

• Storybook Reading Procedures• Alphabet Knowledge• Letter-sound Knowledge • Developmental Spelling Knowledge• Word Awareness• Phonological Awareness Assessments– Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS)

• http://pals.virginia.edu/– Yopp Singer Test of Phoneme Segmentation– Dynamic Indicators and Basic Literacy Skills (DIBELS)– Illinois Snapshot of Early Literacy (ISEL)

Page 4: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 4

How Do You Assess Decoding Issues?

Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc

Page 5: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 5

Decoding• Decoding involves four processors:–Orthographic (letter) –Phonological (sound)–Meaning –Context

• Observing which processors a student is using to decode a word can help a teacher plan appropriate instruction

Page 6: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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Decoding Tests• Use IRIs, observations, interviews and word list

tests to verify decoding issues• Published tests and surveys:

• Word Patterns Survey (Appendix A)• Syllable Survey (Appendix A)• Beginning Phonics Skills Test• Phonics subtest of the Diagnostic Assessments of

Reading (DAR)• Core Phonics

• Be wary of tests only using nonsense words• Be wary of spelling-only tests for decoding

Page 7: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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• Analyze the test results:–Does the reader use context?–Does the reader use phonological clues?–Does the reader know basic phonics?

Decoding

Page 8: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 8

How Do You Assess Comprehension?

Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc

Page 9: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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Comprehension• Difficult to assess because of the number of

factors involved:– Background knowledge– Vocabulary knowledge– Lack of strategies– Lack of decoding/fluency– Lack of attention– Inadequate language development– Lack of developed thinking skills

Page 10: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 10

Comprehension Assessments• Retelling– To assist in grading, have a check list of important

details that the student should mention in the retelling

• Think-Alouds– Use before, during and after reading– Look for student’s ability to use strategies to

assist comprehension• Questionnaires and Interviews– Ask students to assess what they do while reading

(See example survey on page 134 in Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties)

Page 11: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 11

• Observations– Construct an observation checklist to determine

what you are looking for• Anecdotal Records– Look for behaviors in a variety of settings– Look for successes as well as failures

• Background Knowledge– Assess by having students write down in 1-3 minutes

all the words they can think of relating to a key word in the story

Comprehension Assessments

Page 12: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

Benedictine University 12

How Do You Assess Vocabulary Knowledge?

Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc

Page 13: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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Vocabulary Knowledge• Assess listening, speaking and reading vocabulary– Doesn’t always require an additional test – can be

done through previous observations, interviews or analysis of IRIs

• Low vocabulary/ high comprehension = a possible language difficulty

• High vocabulary/ low comprehension = the student has the potential to read better, but is:– Not using effective reading techniques or strategies– Or may have cognitive processing issues

• Attention problems, weak strategies, visual processing problems, etc.

Page 14: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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Standardized Tests of Vocabulary

• The following tests assess vocabulary in context using a modified cloze:– Degrees of Reading Power

• http://www.questarai.com/Products/DRPProgram/Pages/default.aspx

– Diagnostic Reading Scales– Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests

• http://www.pearsonassessments.com/HAIWEB/Cultures/en-us/Productdetail.htm?Pid=WRMT-III

Page 15: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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How Do You Assess Study Skills?

Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc

Page 16: How Do                          You Assess Emergent Literacy?

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Study Skills• Assess study skills through methods similar to

those for assessing comprehension • Look at student performance on tests and

quizzes that require home preparation• Assess students’ habits, attitudes, motivation

and the strategies that they use…– Sample interview questions are on page 137

in Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties