how does globalization affect food security?
DESCRIPTION
The effect of globalization on food security in CameroonTRANSCRIPT
…a bit on
Cameroon
How does globalization affect food security?
Cameroon
Yvette Thompson, M.Sc. Student
Department of Resource Economics and Environmental
Sociology (REES)
Part of Central Africa (within Sub Saharan Africa)
largely covered by the
Congo Basin Rainforest
Source: Woods Hole Research Center: http://www.whrc.org/mapping/informs/cameroon
BS1
Slide 3
BS1 Good to insert a map of Africa with Cameroon highlighted (like this one) for those less familiar with African geography.Brent Swallow, 21/07/2011
study site:
Akok(South Province)
Source: Woods Hole Research Center: http://www.whrc.org/mapping/informs/cameroon
BS2
Slide 4
BS2 Good to insert a map of Africa with Cameroon highlighted (like this one) for those less familiar with African geography.Brent Swallow, 21/07/2011
Traditionalvillage lifestyle
Customary Agriculture(Shifting Cultivation)
Plantain
Peanut
Cassava
Semi-subsistence(most of the yield for household consumption)
Small-scale household/family
Cocoa Agroforestry
Maintains multi-use landscape(habitat, non-timber forest products, biodiversity)
Carbon emission levels maintained (?)
Palm plantations
MonocultureDestroys habitat � biodiversity Increases carbon emissions (?)
• Palm = world’s most consumed vegetable oil – used in at least 50% of consumer goods
• Cameroon is 4th largest African producer of palm oil
What about palm oil?
palm oil – 200 000 tonnes/year; 100 000 ha currently cultivated
• Industrial plantations create jobs for Cameroonians (65 000 direct and indirect)– ~40% live on <$1 USD per day
Example: Herakles Farms ProposalNew York-based agribusiness
Source: Yale environment360 (http://e360.yale.edu)
60 000 ha plantation
• Situated between four protected areas – (Korup National Park, Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve, Bakossi National Park and
Banyang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary)
• Deforestation• Threatens biodiversity
Critics’ concerns of Herakles Farms project:
• Threatens biodiversity – many of which are endangered and threatened species
• Exploitation/working conditions on plantation• Greenhouse gas emissions (store <40 tons CO2/yr vs. 400 tons
CO2/yr in primary forest)….
• Traditional lifestyle of local people
• Rural communities, such as Akok, are traditionally tied to land
• Food = self produced
Local people and food security
• Income = small marketable surplus of staple crops + cocoa
• Traditional Bulu possession based tenure system; “use as required”
So how does globalization affect food security for local people in Cameroon?
…it changes their traditional way of life
For the better?eg. More potential income opportunitieseg. More potential income opportunities
Or worse?eg. Less (or none) subsistence opportunities