how ecosystems work. how ecosystems work big ideas energy is transferred from the sun to producers...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How Ecosystems Work
![Page 2: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas
• Energy is transferred from the sun to producers
• Producers then transfer the energy to consumers
• Inefficient energy transfer has an effect on community structure
![Page 3: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Life Depends ENERGY, LOTS OF ENERGY…from the Sun
• Average Star
• 93 million miles away
• Nuclear Fusion
• No Sun, No Life
![Page 4: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Life Depends on the SunALL organisms need a constant supply of energy or they die
Why do plants grow upwards?
![Page 5: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight O2 + C6H12O6
What is photosynthesis?
The process of converting
carbon dioxide, water and
sunlight into oxygen and
glucose.(In plants, algae,
some bacteria)Occurs in
chloroplasts
![Page 6: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
From Producer to Consumer
• Producer: an organism that makes it own food
• Plants
• Autotrophs, self-feeders
• Use sunlight• Base of all food
chains
![Page 7: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What role do Autotrophs (Producers) Play?
• Gather the energy from the sun and turn it into food via photosynthesis. Lichens are an example.
![Page 8: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Phytoplankton get no credit
![Page 9: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
From Producer to Consumer
• Consumer: gets it energy by eating producers or other consumers
• Heterotrophs• Indirectly solar
powered
![Page 10: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What role do Heterotrophs
(Consumers) play?
Heterotrophs eat other organisms to obtain their energy.
Stored energy in food is extracted with or
without oxygen.
![Page 11: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types of Consumers
• Herbivore: eats only producers (vegetarian)• Cows, sheep, deer, grasshopper, mice, rabbits
![Page 12: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Herbivore
![Page 13: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Consumers
• Carnivore: eats other consumers
• Lion, hawks, snakes, alligator, toothed whales
![Page 14: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Carnivore
![Page 15: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Consumers
• Omnivore: eats both producers and consumers
• Bears, pigs, raccoons and most humans
![Page 16: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Omnivore
![Page 17: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Types of Consumers
• Decomposer: breaks down dead decaying organisms
• Critical to ecosystem health
• Returns nutrients• Fungus, bacteria
![Page 18: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Detritivores and decomposers: recycle nutrients within the ecosystem by breaking down nonliving organic matter
![Page 19: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Decomposer
![Page 20: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How do Organisms Use Energy
Most organisms spend large amounts of time/energy in search of food and a mate.
![Page 21: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How do organisms get the energy from the food (glucose)? Two
ways.Aerobic Respiration – use oxygen to
extract energy from glucose
Anaerobic Respiration – oxygen is NOT used to extract energy from glucose
![Page 22: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic Respiration) allows organisms to use the energy store in glucose.
![Page 23: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
C6H12O6 O2 CO2 H2O ATP+ + +
Aerobic Respiration aka “Cellular Respiration”
Formula
![Page 24: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
In photosynthetic organisms, the processes of
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
work together.The products of one can be used for the
other.
![Page 25: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Energy TransferEach time one organism eats another, energy is transferred
Ecosystems are all about energy flowing from one organism to another
![Page 26: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Energy Transfer
• Who are the producers?
• Consumers?• Herbivores?• Carnivores?• Omnivores?• Decomposers?• Where does the
energy start?
![Page 27: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
• A food chain is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten (arrows?)
• All food chains have a producer on bottom, which supplies each level above with food
• Energy flows in one direction through a Food Chain.
• Each step in a food chain is called a trophic level.
![Page 28: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Energy Transfer
• Food Chain: sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to another
• Starts with producers• Energy flows in one
direction
![Page 29: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Food WebA food web shows the various food chains within an
ecosystem.
Can you describe one food chain within
this food web?
What is missing from this food web?
![Page 30: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Energy Flow• Food Web:
shows many feeding relationships that are possible in a ecosystem
• More complex and realistic
![Page 31: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Energy Flow
• Trophic Level: each step which energy is transferred
![Page 33: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
How is energy monitored in a food chain?
Energy Pyramid track available energy in a food chain. Only 10% of the available energy is passed from one trophic level to the next.
![Page 34: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Energy Pyramid
10,000 units of energy
1,000 units of energy
100 units of energy
10 units of energy
1 unit of energy
![Page 35: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Energy Flow
• At each trophic level about 90% of energy is lost
• Cellular respiration• Lost to heat body
and carry out living
![Page 36: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Energy Flow
• Why are there fewer organisms at the top? (Why fewer bears than the fruit they feed on)
• Why aren’t there more than 4-5 trophic levels in a energy pyramid?
![Page 38: How Ecosystems Work. How Ecosystems Work Big Ideas Energy is transferred from the sun to producers Producers then transfer the energy to consumers Inefficient](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93528/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Review
• Energy is transferred from the sun to producers through the process of photosynthesis
• Consumers use the glucose made by producers for energy
• Food webs show more complex & realistic feeding relationships in a ecosystem
• Energy pyramids track available energy in a food chain. Only 10% of the available energy is passed from one trophic level to the next.