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How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration System and In Mexico Are Impacting the National Immigration Debate By Simon Rosenberg, Kristian Ramos and Emma Buckhout NPI’s 21 st Century Border Initiative Updated August 26, 2013

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Page 1: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

How Improvements Along the Border, In

Our Immigration System and In Mexico Are

Impacting the National Immigration Debate

By Simon Rosenberg, Kristian Ramos and Emma Buckhout

NPI’s 21st Century Border Initiative

Updated August 26, 2013

Page 2: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

The Border Is Safer

Page 3: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled

$12.5

$18

$10.00

$15.00

$20.00

Immigration Enforcement Funding

(In Billions)

$6.2

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

2002 2006 2012

MPI - Immigration Enforcement in the United States a Formidable Machinery

Page 4: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Number of “Boots on The Ground” Has

Doubled

17,499

21,300

15,000

20,000

25,000

Border Patrol Agents

10,650

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

2004 2008 2012

MPI - Immigration Enforcement in the United States a Formidable Machinery

Page 5: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

And It Has Worked - Crime on U.S. Side

of the Border Has Plummeted

19,326

14,57915,000

20,000

25,000

Incidents of Violent Crime Along Border *

FBI Unified Crime Reports

0

5,000

10,000

2004 2011

* Analysis comes from the 11 largest cities along the our southern border: Brownsville, TX,

Calexico, CA, Chula Vista, CA, El Paso, TX, Eagle Pass, TX, Las Cruces, NM, Laredo, TX, McAllen,

TX, Nogales, AZ, San Diego, CA, Tucson, AZ, Yuma, AZ,

Page 6: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Across the Board Success

3,242

2,825 2,859

2000

2500

3000

El Paso Violent

Crimes

7769

5960

80

100

Nogales Violent

Crimes

6,7446,047

5,5296000

8000

San Diego Violent

Crimes

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2004 2008 2012

59

0

20

40

60

2004 2008 2012

Updated Data, FBI Crime Statistics

0

2000

4000

2004 2008 2012

Page 7: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Two Border Cities Are Safest in US

1. El Paso, TX

2. San Diego, CA

6. Los Angeles, CA

7. Portland, OR

Lowest Crime Rate Ranking for

Cities of 500,000 or more Population (33 cities)

CQ Press – City Crime Rankings 2013

2. San Diego, CA

3. New York, NY

4. Austin, TX

5. San Jose, CA

7. Portland, OR

8. Charlotte, NC

9. Seattle, WA

10. San Antonio, TX

Page 8: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Unauthorized Immigration Flow Is Half of What

It Was

550,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

Average Annual Inflow of Unauthorized Immigrants

*Based on DHS “Period of Entry of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population” Data

330,000300,000

263,333

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2010

Page 9: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

While Deportations Have Increased

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

Removals per Year

DHS “Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011”

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

Page 10: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Net Flow Is Now Zero, Even Negative

400000

500000

600000Average Annual Inflow of

Unauthorized Immigrants

Average Annual Removal

of Unauthorized

Immigrants

*Calculations based on DHS Data

0

100000

200000

300000

1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2010

Page 11: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Leading to a Drop in Total Unauthorized

Population

9.7

10.4

11.1 11.3

12.011.6

11.1 11.2 11.111.0

12.0

13.0

Estimated US Unauthorized Immigrant Population

(In Millions)

*Rough Estimates Calculated by Pew Hispanic Center

8.4

9.3 9.49.7

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Page 12: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Flow of Mexican Migrants Has Plummeted

550

770

560

650600

700

800

900

Annual Immigration From Mexico To U.S.

(In Thousands)

370

550 560

280

140

0

100

200

300

400

500

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010

Pew Hispanic Center - Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero—and Perhaps Less

Page 13: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Unauthorized Mexican Population in the US Is

Shrinking

66.3

6.5

76.8 6.7

6.56.5

7

7.5

Estimated US Unauthorized Immigrant Population from

Mexico

4.64.8

5.25.5

6

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Pew Hispanic Center – Unauthorized Immigrant Population: National and State Trends, 2010

Page 14: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

2,940

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500U.S. to Mexico Mexico to U.S.

Net Mexico-US Migration Now at Zero

670

1,390 1,370

0

500

1,000

1,500

1995 to 2000 2005 to 2010

Pew Hispanic Center - Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero—and Perhaps Less

Page 15: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Tough Enforcement Provisions in Senate Bill

Will Push Unauthorized Flow Even Lower

300,000

225,000200,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

Unauthorized Immigrants Entering US Per Year

150,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

Current Estimate CBO Projection for

SJC S. 744- 25%

Decrease

CBO Projection for

Passed S. 744-33%

Decrease

CBO Projection for

Passed S. 744-

50% Decrease

CBO, Pew Hispanic Center*Since CBO did not include base numbers, estimates are based on recent rough estimate of current influx

Page 16: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Two of the Five “High Traffic” Corridors are

Already Above 90% “Effectiveness Rates”

92% 91%87%

84%

71%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Of the Border Patrol’s nine southwest-border sectors, five had more than 30,000 apprehensions Making

them a “high traffic” corridor.

“Effectiveness rate” is calculated by dividing the percentage of apprehensions plus turn backs per year by the

estimated total number of illegal entries per year.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

San Diego El Centro Tucson Laredo Rio Grande

Corridor

GAO - Border Patrol: Key Elements of New Strategic

Plan Not Yet in Place to Inform Border Security Status and Resource Needs, Dec. 2012

Page 17: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Apprehensions per Border Patrol Agent, 1992-2012

Washington Office on Latin America - Border Fact Check

Page 18: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

The Immigration System Is Better

Page 19: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Administration Has Used Its Legal Authority To

Make Significant Improvements In the System

• Replaced work place raids with more targeted

and effective I-9 audits

• Expanded and improved the nation's worker

verification system

• Prioritized criminal migrants for deportation• Prioritized criminal migrants for deportation

• Implemented Deferred Action for Childhood

Arrivals (DREAM Youth)

• Is doing away with the 3-10 year bar, allowing

more families to stay together during the legal

immigration process

Page 20: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Administration Fought

Self - Deportation Movement and Won

• In 2010 the Obama Administration

Sued Arizona to stop the enforcement of

Arizona’s anti-immigrant legislation SB-

1070

• Arizona's SB1070, was dealt a near • Arizona's SB1070, was dealt a near

deathblow last year by a conservative

U.S. Supreme Court.

• State Senator Russell Pearce, the

political architect of SB1070, was

recalled from office by a coalition led by

mainstream GOP and business leaders

Page 21: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Mexico Is Modernizing, Growing

Page 22: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Mexico’s GDP Is Growing

$649,075,575,302

$759,777,472,170

$952,276,430,547

$1,094,480,339,422

$879,703,353,505

$1,153,343,069,401

$800,000,000,000

$1,000,000,000,000

$1,200,000,000,000

$1,400,000,000,000

GDP (current US$)

The World Bank Group http://data.worldbank.org/country/mexico

$403,195,508,734

$286,698,251,724

$481,202,434,427

$649,075,575,302

$0

$200,000,000,000

$400,000,000,000

$600,000,000,000GDP (current US$)

Page 23: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Mexico’s GDP Projected to Overtake France,

Germany, UK, Rival Japan by 2050

Goldman Sachs - Financial Times Beyondbrics Blog http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2011/12/07/goldman-sachs-brics-in-2050/#axzz2VGsw6iYV

Page 24: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

US Trade with Mexico Has Skyrocketed

1993-2012

$290,356.19

$493,983.65

400000

500000

600000

*Bilateral goods and services trade reached an estimated $536 billion in 2012, a new record.

$81,498.30

$108,392.50

$196,629.40

$247,275.30 $305,546.51

$18,114.00$16,944.00 $23,636.00

$30,382.00$36,578.00

$36,841.00 $41,886.00

0

100000

200000

300000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total Goods Total Services

U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2012 services numbers are preliminary.

http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/ and http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_ita.cfm

Page 25: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Mexico Has Become the US’s Third Largest

Trading Partner

16.5%

15.1%

12.8%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

5.3%

3.8%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

Canada China Mexico Japan Germany

2012 Census - Foreign Trade Statistics

Page 26: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

And Our Second Largest Export Market

23%

18%

15%

20%

25%

9%

5.1%3.8%

0%

5%

10%

Canada Mexico China Japan Germany

2012 Census - Foreign Trade Statistics

Page 27: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

2000

2005

$7,820

2010

$8,930

$8,000

$10,000

$12,000

Mexico’s Progress Is Much More Broadly SharedGross National Income (GNI)

1991

$3,250

1995

$3,760

2000

$5,010

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$6,000

World Bank - World Bank Development Indicators

Page 28: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

1960

7.25

1965

7.161970

6.771975

6.07

1980

4.971985

4.08 19904.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Mexico Moving Toward Modern Developed

Nation Birthrates

1990

3.44 1995

2.88 2000

2.41

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

Pew Research Center

Page 29: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Flow of Mexican Migrants Has Slowed

550

770

560

650600

700

800

900

Annual Immigration From Mexico To U.S.

(In Thousands)

370

550 560

280

140

0

100

200

300

400

500

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010

Pew Hispanic Center - Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero—and Perhaps Less

Page 30: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

2,940

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500U.S. to Mexico Mexico to U.S.

Net Mexico-US Migration Now at Zero

670

1,390 1,370

0

500

1,000

1,500

1995 to 2000 2005 to 2010

Pew Hispanic Center - Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero—and Perhaps Less

Page 31: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

The Bottom Line

With more money, a better strategy and greater

cooperation with Mexico, the Obama

Administration and Congress have made our border

safer, our immigration system better while also

dramatically expanding legal trade and

tourism with Mexico. tourism with Mexico.

We have made great progress in recent years, but

now need to finish the job and pass a good CIR bill –

which includes a reasonable and fair path to

citizenship - this year.

Page 32: How Improvements Along the Border, In Our Immigration ... · Since 2002, Enforcement Budget Has Tripled $12.5 $18 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 Immigration Enforcement Funding (In Billions)

Thank You

www.ndn.orgwww.ndn.org

www.21border.com