how indoor air quality affects you - malaysia green building

Passive Measures

IAQ Workshop 20th August 2013, Johor Bahru

INDOOR AIR: THE SILENT KILLER

http://www.nipponpaint.com.my/

1. IEQ & IAQ; Context

2. IEQ & GBI CONTEXT

3. NATURAL VENTILATION

4. IAQ TOXICITY

5. MOULD PREVENTION

Content 2

Indoor Environmental Quality 4

Visual Comfort

IEQ and GBI Context 5

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION VERSION 3

Visual Comfort

EE4 – Lighting & Control 2 point

Maintain overall luminance not more than specified in MS1525

EQ4 – Day Lighting 3 points

> 50%/75% habitable rooms daylit

EQ5 – External Views 1 point

All habitable rooms to have direct views.



Sound Quality

EQ6 – Sound Insulation 1 point

Reduce noise pollution, acoustic insulation between dwellings.

Sound Quality



Thermal Comfort

EQ1 – Min. IAQ Performance 3 points

Adequate fresh air to maintain thermal comfort and air quality.

Thermal Comfort

Environ-mental Toxicity

Odour Quality



Odour Quality


Adequate fresh air to maintain air quality.

EQ2 – VoC Minimisation 2 points

Reduce VoC to reduce odour

EQ3 – Formaldehyde Minimisation 1 point

Reduce Formaldehyde to reduce odour

Environmental Toxicity

Indoor Air Quality

Indoor Air Quality

Natural Ventilation & IAQ 9 Passive design measure Low cost alternative to low building energy

Natural means to maintain air quality Vents build-up of toxic gases and

indoor pollutants (principally pathogens)

Low cost/ natural means of maintaining indoor thermal comfort.

Natural Ventilation & IAQ 10


ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,” minimum ventilation rates and indoor air quality acceptable for human occupants of a building Considers chemical, physical, and biological contaminants.

Table 6-1 Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone Flow rate per person or per unit area (ASHRAE 62.1 -2007) e.g. Office space – 5 cfm/person Mall & supermarket – 7.5 cfm/person Restaurant & Café – 7.5 cfm/person Lecture hall – 7.5 cfm/person Games arcade / Casino – 7.5 cfm/person Computer & Science Lab – 10 cfm/person Disco & Aerobics room – 20 cfm/person


Outdoor Air-Ventilation Rates should comply with Third Schedule (By Law 41) Article 12 (1) of Uniform Building By Laws, 1984 ( UBBL )

MS 1525:2007 - Section 8.1.4 Ventilation


BUILDING TYPE MINIMUM FRESH AIR

VENTILATION cubic meter/min

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL

OFFICES

SCHOOL CLASSROOM

HOSPITAL WARDS

0.14/occupant

(0.23 lit/sec/m2 floor area

average)

CONFERENCE ROOMS 0.28/occupant

FACTORIES 0.21/occupant

Basement car Park (Mech) 6 air change/hour

Natural Ventilation & IAQ 15 Bylaw 39(1) Every room designed for residential, business or other purposes

except hospitals & schools shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having total area not less than 10% of the floor area and shall have opening for uninterrupted air passage of 5%

Bylaw 39(2) Hospitals window area 15% and open able windows 10%

Schools window area 20% and open able windows 10%

Ventilation, whether mechanical or natural, may be used for: AIR QUALITY CONTROL: to control building air quality, by diluting internally-generated air

contaminants with cleaner outdoor air, DIRECT ADVECTIVE COOLING: to directly cool building interiors by replacing or diluting warm indoor

air with cooler outdoor air when conditions are favorable, DIRECT PERSONAL COOLING: to directly cool building occupants by directing cool outdoor air over

building occupants at sufficient velocity to enhance convective transport of heat and moisture from the occupants, and

INDIRECT NIGHT COOLING: to indirectly cool building interiors by pre-cooling thermally massive components of the building fabric or a thermal storage system with cool nightime outdoor air.


Outdoor air required (L/s,m2 of floor area)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Air

Flo

w w

ind

ow

are

a /

Flo

or

Are

a (x

10

0%

) 100

0

20

40

60

80

If by-law 39 is complied, air change requirement will comply


Global Cross Ventilation

Global Stack Ventilation


Local Single Sided Ventilation


• Wind-driven Cross Ventilation • Buoyancy-driven Stack Ventilation • Single-sided Ventilation

Natural Ventilation & Cooling 20

1. Estimate heat load from Internal Heat sources 2. Add Fabric and roof heat gains using OTTV & RTTV

calculations 3. Total the heat gains 4. Use charts to estimate openings required for the

heat loads w/m2 5. If opening sizes not sufficient, fans may be required

to achieve the required cooling


CROSS VENTILATION COOLING ESTIMATES

DOUBLE STOREY TERRACE HOUSE 6M X 10M

COMPONENT DAY NITE

HEAT(w/m2) HEAT(w/m2)

Internal heat gains 12 12

Roof heat gains 25 0

Front & Back Elev heat gains 30 0

Total Heat Gains 67 12

Vent Cooling

Wind 2.5 & 0.5 m/s Opening 5% 80 20

Effective Vent cooling 13 8

Wind 2.5 & 0.5 m/s Opening 7% 110 30



Cross Ventilation


COMPONENT DAY NITE

HEAT(w/m2) HEAT(w/m2)

Internal heat gains 12 12

Roof heat gains 25 0

Front & Back Elev heat gains 30 0

Total Heat Gains 67 12

Vent Cooling

Wind 2.5 & 0.5 m/s Opening 5% 80 20

Stack 3m Opening 5% 30 30

Combined Vent Cooling 110 65


Wind 2.5 & 0.5 m/s Opening 7% 110 30

Stack 5m Opening 7% 45 45

Combined Vent Cooling 125 80


Cross & Stack Ventilation

Natural Ventilation & Cooling 26 STACK VENTILATION

Natural Ventilation & Cooling 27 STACK VENTILATION

Natural Ventilation & Cooling 28 CROSS & STACK VENTILATION

Indoor Air Quality 30

Indoor Air Quality


Odour Quality

Indoor Air Quality Chemicals 31

Indoor Air Quality


Odour Quality

Indoor Air Quality Pathogens 32

Indoor Air Quality 33

Odour Quality


Adequate fresh air to maintain air quality.

EQ2 – VoC Minimisation 2 points

Reduce VoC to reduce odour

EQ3 – Formaldehyde Minimisation 1 point

Reduce Formaldehyde to reduce odour

Environmental Toxicity

Indoor Air Quality Indoor Air

Quality


Odour Quality

EQ1 – MIN. IAQ PERFORMANCE 34

EQ3 – Formaldehyde Minimisation 41

NRNC, EQ5 – Mould Prevention 42


Mould is a major cause of IAQ issues in the tropics. Whilst RNC may not have recommendations on mould prevention, it is good design practice to prevent moulds during design & construction stage.


Typical waterproofing details

NRNC, EQ5 – Mould Prevention 49 Typical waterproofing details


Rain Water Down Pipe encased in concrete column – grade incorrectly specified (by QS/architect in tender). RWDP will crack inside concrete column leading to moisture seepage issues. AIR COND DRAIN PIPE CONNECT TO RWDP WITHOUT ADEQUATE WATER SEAL.


No proper water seal for sanitary pipes through concrete slab.

Floor trap without proper joint and seal.


Rising damp at skirting level of last unit (near river where water table is high). No proper water proofing detailings.

CELEBRATING 50 MILLION SQ FT CERTIFIED GBI S P A C E I N M A R C H 2 0 1 3

Passive Measures

IAQ Workshop 20th August 2013, Johor Bahru

INDOOR AIR: THE SILENT KILLER

Ir. Looi Hip Peu [email protected]

President

Malaysia Green Building

C o n f e d e r a t i o n

www.mgbc.org.my

http://www.nipponpaint.com.my/

how indoor air quality affects you - malaysia green building

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