how is communication adaptive?
DESCRIPTION
How is communication adaptive?. 6/4/08: Animal Communication: Adaptationist perspective of communication. Lecture objectives: Be able to tell if a signal is adaptive, honest, or deceptive - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
How is communication adaptive?
![Page 2: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
6/4/08: Animal Communication: Adaptationist perspective of communication
Lecture objectives:
1. Be able to tell if a signal is adaptive, honest, or deceptive
2. Generate hypotheses and predictions about the relationship between components of a signaling system (sender, receiver, illegitimate sender, illegitimate receiver)
Signal
![Page 3: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
How is signal-producing adaptive for the sender?
Sender ReceiverSignal
![Page 4: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Example: How is a raven’s food call adaptive?
H1: Call recruits family members to foodH2: Call recruits a coyote to open up the moose carcassH3: Call recruits others to reduce the risk of predation through the dilution effectH4: Call recruits other ravens so that all can overwhelm territory owners
Obs1: Call at open carcassesObs2: Call when lots of ravens are already thereObs3: Birds at kill are unrelatedObs4: Pairs at kill were usually quiet
![Page 5: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
How does natural selection shape the sender’s signals?
Sender ReceiverSignal
Illegitimate Receiver
![Page 6: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Example: illegitimate receivers have shaped the begging calls of bird nestlings
Tre
e ne
stin
g
Sile
nt
Gro
und
nest
ing
Hypothesis: The higher frequency calls of ground-nesting birds
Prediction: Ground nests with ground nest begging calls will have _____________ than ground nests with tree nest begging calls
![Page 7: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Example: illegitimate receivers have shaped the calls of great tits
Hypothesis: The tit’s “seet” alarm call has evolved properties
Prediction: Unrelated species should
![Page 8: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Example: illegitimate receivers have shaped the calls of male tungara frogs
Whine Whine-chuck
Hypothesis: Bats make the whine-chuck call especially costly for males
?
Prediction 1: Prediction 2:
![Page 9: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Are signals honest?
Sender ReceiverSignal
![Page 10: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
What might maintain honesty?(or in other words, why not cheat?)
Cheating might hurt
Selection should favor
There is a (handicap principle – reliable signals should be costly to produce)
![Page 11: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
How is a receiver’s response to a signal adaptive?
Sender ReceiverSignal
![Page 12: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
A challenger often gives up after a mere threat
How is this adaptive for the winner?
How is this adaptive for the loser?
![Page 13: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Example: Giving up early can be adaptive for the “loser” of antlered flies
Hypothesis: antlered flies measure body size to determine
Predictions:P1: P2:
![Page 14: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Example: Giving up early can be adaptive for the “loser” of male European toads
Hypothesis: males can judge the size of a rival by his croak
Observation: Body size influences the pitch of a male’s croak
Prediction:
![Page 15: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
How can deception evolve?
Sender ReceiverDeceptive Signal
Illegitimate Sender
Deceptive signal
![Page 16: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Example: female Photirus fireflies deceive male Photinus fireflies
Who is the sender?
What is the signal?
Who is the receiver?
Who is the illegitimate sender?
![Page 17: How is communication adaptive?](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813556550346895d9cba61/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
What might maintain deception?(or in other words, why do receivers fall for lies?)