how is this system different from a pond you must
TRANSCRIPT
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How is This System How is This System Different From a PondDifferent From a Pond
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You MustYou Must
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Critical Environmental Critical Environmental ParametersParameters
•Concentrations Of:Concentrations Of:– Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen– Un-ionized Ammonia-nitrogenUn-ionized Ammonia-nitrogen– Nitrite-nitrogenNitrite-nitrogen
•TemperatureTemperature
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Other Important Other Important Environmental Environmental ConsiderationsConsiderations• Nitrate ConcentrationsNitrate Concentrations
• pHpH
• Alkalinity levelsAlkalinity levels
• Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
• ChloridesChlorides
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Dissolved OxygenDissolved OxygenWhy Is It ImportantWhy Is It Important
•Fish Fish RespirationRespiration
•Bacteria Bacteria RespirationRespiration
•Waste Waste OxidationOxidation
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How Much Oxygen DoHow Much Oxygen DoYou Need?You Need?
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How Do We Maintain How Do We Maintain Dissolved Oxygen LevelsDissolved Oxygen Levels
• AerationAeration– Air StonesAir Stones– MechanicalMechanical
• OtherOther– Pure Oxygen GasPure Oxygen Gas– Liquid OxygenLiquid Oxygen– Oxygen GeneratorsOxygen Generators
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AirstonesAirstones
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Downflow Bubble ContactorDownflow Bubble Contactor
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Vertical Pump AeratorVertical Pump Aerator
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What if Oxygen LevelsWhat if Oxygen Levels Too Low ? Too Low ?
•Fish StressFish Stress
•Bacteria Go AnaerobicBacteria Go Anaerobic
•CO2 and Ammonia levels CO2 and Ammonia levels become more criticalbecome more critical
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pH - What Is It ?pH - What Is It ?
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What Happens to pH What Happens to pH In The TankIn The Tank
•Tends to FallTends to Fall
•Effects Toxic Ammonia LevelsEffects Toxic Ammonia Levels
•Tied to AlkalintiyTied to Alkalintiy
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pH - What Should It pH - What Should It Be In Your TankBe In Your Tank
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How Do You Maintain How Do You Maintain Proper pH ?Proper pH ?
•Maintain Correct AlkalinityMaintain Correct Alkalinity
•Water ChangesWater Changes
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AmmoniaAmmoniaWhere Does It Come From?Where Does It Come From?
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Ammonia Exists in 2 FormsAmmonia Exists in 2 Forms
• NH3 - Which is NH3 - Which is ToxicToxic
• NH4NH4+ + - Which is relatively - Which is relatively non-toxicnon-toxic
• The balance of these two compounds The balance of these two compounds depends on the depends on the temperaturetemperature and and pHpH of the tank water of the tank water
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NH3 <-> NH4NH3 <-> NH4++ EquilibriumEquilibrium
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NH3 <-> NH4NH3 <-> NH4++ Shift Shift
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Ammonia ConvertedAmmonia ConvertedTo Nitrite (Still Toxic)To Nitrite (Still Toxic)
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Nitrite Conversion to NitrateNitrite Conversion to Nitrate
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How Can You TellHow Can You TellIf Your Filter Is Working ?If Your Filter Is Working ?
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What About Nitrates?What About Nitrates?
• Non toxic up to Non toxic up to 300ppm300ppm
• Generally not a Generally not a problem if water problem if water is changed is changed regularlyregularly
• Some is Some is converted to converted to nitrogen gasnitrogen gas
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TemperatureTemperature
• Different fish Different fish prefer different prefer different temperaturestemperatures
• A 10 degree rise in A 10 degree rise in temp doubles the temp doubles the metabolism of warm metabolism of warm water fish - water fish - everything speeds upeverything speeds up
• Remember affect on Remember affect on ammoniaammonia
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Alkalinity - What Is It ?Alkalinity - What Is It ?
• Measure of the total bases in waterMeasure of the total bases in water
• Buffering CapacityBuffering Capacity
• Ability of water to resist changeAbility of water to resist change
• Main bases in water are carbonate Main bases in water are carbonate and bi-carbonateand bi-carbonate
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AlkalinityAlkalinityWhere Does It Come FromWhere Does It Come From
• Calcium Carbonate - CaCOCalcium Carbonate - CaCO33 - - LimestoneLimestone
• Sodium Bicarbonate - Baking SodaSodium Bicarbonate - Baking Soda
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AlkalinityAlkalinityWhat Is It Used For ?What Is It Used For ?
• Buffering CapacityBuffering Capacity
• Carbon is used bacteria during Carbon is used bacteria during growthgrowth
• Tends to decrease over time as it is Tends to decrease over time as it is incorporated into new bacteriaincorporated into new bacteria
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AlkalinityAlkalinityWhat Is A Good LevelWhat Is A Good Level
• 50 -250 ppm50 -250 ppm
• Can be increased by adding sodium Can be increased by adding sodium bicarbonate bicarbonate – rate of 10% of feed weight daily or as rate of 10% of feed weight daily or as
needed determined by testingneeded determined by testing
• Alkalinity is tied to pH Alkalinity is tied to pH
• Helps the system remain stable and Helps the system remain stable and controls pH dropcontrols pH drop
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Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
• Can build up in closed systemsCan build up in closed systems
• Fish can take up to 60 ppm if there is Fish can take up to 60 ppm if there is adequate oxygenadequate oxygen
• Not usually a problem is system is Not usually a problem is system is aerated and has regular partial water aerated and has regular partial water exchangesexchanges
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ChloridesChlorides
• Important in helping fish be resistant Important in helping fish be resistant to nitrite toxicityto nitrite toxicity
• Chloride levels should be at least 6x Chloride levels should be at least 6x the nitrite levelsthe nitrite levels
• Can increase chlorides if necessary Can increase chlorides if necessary by adding by adding NONNON-Iodized-Iodized Salt at a Salt at a rate 1 tablespoon per 10-20 gallonsrate 1 tablespoon per 10-20 gallons
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Water Quality For Best Water Quality For Best GrowthGrowth
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RecapRecap
• Pay AttentionPay Attention
• Be ObservantBe Observant
• Watch Do LevelsWatch Do Levels
• Check Ammonia, Check Ammonia, pH, and Nitrite pH, and Nitrite RegularlyRegularly
• Don’t OverfeedDon’t Overfeed
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