how it all began…. chapter 1: the big bang chapter 2: the galaxies chapter 3: the fate of the...
TRANSCRIPT
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How It All Began…
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Chapter 1: The Big Bang
Chapter 2: The Galaxies
Chapter 3: The Fate of the Universe
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Chapter 1: The Big Bang
• 13,700 million years ago our universe began as a very small, very dense mass. It “exploded” at that point creating all time and space.
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• As with stars, “explosion” may not be an accurate term. The universe expanded outward VERY QUICKLY instead.
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• Within 1 second of the Big Bang, the four forces in the universe formed: gravity, strong force (keeps nuclei of atoms together), weak force (allows for radioactive decay), and electromagnetic force (keeps atoms together).
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• Within 3 minutes of the Big Bang, simple elements had formed (H, He).
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• It took 1,000,000,000 years after the Big Bang for stars and galaxies to start to form.
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• (Our sun did not form until 5,000,000,000 years after the Big Bang.)
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Chapter 2: The Galaxies
• There are billions of galaxies in the universe. Each is a collection of stars, planets, black holes, moon, comets, asteroids,….
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• We now think that galaxies form around supermassive black holes.
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• Edwin Hubble classified the galaxies into four different categories in the early 1900s: elliptical, spiral, barred spiral, and irregular.
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• Hubble thought that galaxies began as either irregular or elliptical and ended as one of the spirals. His evolution of galaxies diagram is called the Hubble Tuning Fork Diagram.
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Irregular Galaxies
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Elliptical Galaxies
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Spiral Galaxies
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• We now know that Hubble’s Tuning Fork diagram does not really show how galaxies evolve, but it is still useful for classification purposes.
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• Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy.
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Chapter 3: The Fate of the Universe
• There are four ways astronomers feel that our universe could “end”.
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• The Big Crunch–Gravity could eventually pull the
universe back to the state it was in when the Big Bang happened.
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• Coasting–The universe could continue to
expand forever. All stars would eventually die out leaving nothing but giant black holes.
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• “Critical” Expansion (Steady State)–The universe could expand for
some time and then just grind to a halt.
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• Accelerating–The universe could continue to
expand ever faster and faster.