how many spaceborne sar sar platforms sensors? · auspos, geoscience australia automated dinsar,...

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Synthetic Aperture Radar Synthetic Aperture Radar and its Applicationsand its Applications

Dr Linlin GeDr Linlin Ge

Associate ProfessorAssociate ProfessorUniversity of New South WalesUniversity of New South Wales

Email: [email protected]: [email protected]

Visiting Professor Linlin Ge Email: [email protected] ::: 2

Optical Optical vsvs radar remote sensingradar remote sensingOpticalOptical

MultispectralMultispectral -- LandsatLandsat, SPOT, ADS40, SPOT, ADS40Hyperspectral Hyperspectral -- imaging spectrometryimaging spectrometryLiDARLiDAR -- ALS50ALS50

Intensity or travel time ONLYIntensity or travel time ONLY

RadarRadarMultiple bands Multiple bands -- X, C, S, L, PX, C, S, L, PIntensity, travel time (phase) AND Intensity, travel time (phase) AND polarisationpolarisation““SeeSee”” through cloud, smoke, haze through cloud, smoke, haze ……


SAR platformsSAR platformsRadarsatRadarsat--2 2 Imaging modesImaging modes (courtesy of the (courtesy of the Canadian Space Agency)Canadian Space Agency)


How Many How Many SpaceborneSpaceborne SAR SAR Sensors?Sensors?Intensity, phase and

polarisation of the backscattered microwave signal are recorded


Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ((InSARInSAR))

2*L12*L2

Ground displacement = (L2 – L1) / cosθ


InSARInSAR analogiesanalogies

InSARInSAR DEM generation: ~ mDEM generation: ~ mGPS single point positioningGPS single point positioning

DInSAR ground displacement monitoring: ~ mmDInSAR ground displacement monitoring: ~ mmGPS carrier phase based differential positioningGPS carrier phase based differential positioningEDM / total stationEDM / total station

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Ground Surface DisplacementGround Surface DisplacementSubsidence Subsidence

underground miningunderground mining

oil/water/gas extractionoil/water/gas extraction

tunnel constructiontunnel construction

etcetc

EarthquakesEarthquakesprepre--

coco--

postpost--

InterInter--

VolcanoesVolcanoesLandslidesLandslidesLand settlementLand settlementDam deformationDam deformationSoil moistureSoil moistureetcetc

LongwallLongwall MiningMiningseismic crustaldeformations


Mine subsidenceMine subsidence

Coal Seam

Direction of m ining

G oaf

Longwallshearer& conveyor

Hydraulicroof supports


Case study 1: mine subsidenceCase study 1: mine subsidence

Gary Brassington,

BHP Billiton

2007



Current Survey Current Survey

TechniquesTechniquesLevellingLevellingTotal stationTotal stationGPSGPSTiltmetreTiltmetreStrainmeterStrainmeterExtensometer Extensometer

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesLabour intensiveLabour intensiveTime required Time required -- costlycostly


Mine SubsidenceMine Subsidence

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Acquisitions: ascending and descendingAcquisitions: ascending and descending


““SuperSuper”” Test Site Test Site –– 07/09/200807/09/2008


CC--band band radar radar

coveragecoverage

Towns are Towns are white.white.

Lakes are Lakes are dark.dark.


ALOS



Validation Validation -- WestcliffWestcliff

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ALOS image datesALOS image dates29 Sept 2007 29 Sept 2007 14 Nov 200714 Nov 2007

Ground survey datesGround survey dates19 Sept 200719 Sept 200712 Nov 200712 Nov 2007

Validation Validation -- WestcliffWestcliffDInSAR result vs Ground survey data (LO01-LO21)

-0.10

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

LO01

LO03

LO05

LO07

LO09

LO11

LO13

LO15

LO17

LO19

LO21

Survey Point

met

re

Ground Survey (19 Sep 2007-12 Nov2007) [54 days]

DInSAR (29 Sep 2007- 14 Nov 2007)[46 days]

RMSE = 6 mm


Accumulated mine subsidence from multiple InSAR results


Ground movement in 24 hours: Ground movement in 24 hours: ERS TandemERS Tandem

• Master:

29 October 1995, ERS-1;

Slave: 30 October 1995, ERS-2;

• Remarkable result of subsidence in 24 hours;

• IAEA

• A constellation of InSAR satellites


Case study 2: Sichuan EarthquakeCase study 2: Sichuan Earthquake

12 May 2008 14:28:01.42 CST12 May 2008 14:28:01.42 CST

Ms 8.0Ms 8.0

More than 80,000 people killedMore than 80,000 people killed

"Experts Estimate Over $75 Billion Economic "Experts Estimate Over $75 Billion Economic Loss"Loss"


> 600 Aftershocks!> 600 Aftershocks!


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Mapping Mapping the 12 May 2008 the 12 May 2008

Sichuan Sichuan Earthquake Earthquake with with InSARInSAR


Took > 1 month!Took > 1 month!


ALOS/PALSAR ALOS/PALSAR DInSAR resultsDInSAR results

* delivered and * delivered and applied in near applied in near

realreal--timetime(CEA, NDRCC)(CEA, NDRCC)

* made news * made news around the worldaround the world


Near realNear real--time deliverytime delivery


PALSAR pixel PALSAR pixel offset resultsoffset results

* +/* +/-- 3m ground 3m ground displacement!displacement!


Asia Pacific Spatial Excellence Asia Pacific Spatial Excellence Awards (APSEA) 2008Awards (APSEA) 2008

Winner Winner -- People and CommunityPeople and Community

Winner Winner –– JK Barrie Award for Overall ExcellenceJK Barrie Award for Overall Excellence

The award "represents the pinnacle of achievement in The award "represents the pinnacle of achievement in the spatial industry and is the highest award the judges the spatial industry and is the highest award the judges can confer. It is bestowed on the project ... that attains can confer. It is bestowed on the project ... that attains the highest level of excellence or achievement." the highest level of excellence or achievement."

Lands, CRCSI, UNSW and ERSDACLands, CRCSI, UNSW and ERSDAC

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Ground surveySubsidence contoursmm/a1997 - 2001

Case study 3: geothermal site in NZCase study 3: geothermal site in NZ

Master

1999/10/01

Slave

1999/12/10


Case study 4: carbon capture and storageCase study 4: carbon capture and storage

(Courtesy of CO2CRC)


Latest developmentsLatest developmentsAutoAuto--GIPSY, JPLGIPSY, JPL

AUSPOS, AUSPOS, GeoscienceGeoscience AustraliaAustralia

Automated DInSAR, LandsAutomated DInSAR, Lands--CRCSICRCSI--UNSWUNSWADPS ADPS –– Automated DInSAR Processing SystemAutomated DInSAR Processing SystemOO’’LINDAS LINDAS –– OnOn--line DInSAR Analysis Serviceline DInSAR Analysis Service


ADPSADPS


OO’’LINDASLINDAS


Suite of SAR techniquesSuite of SAR techniques

ScanSARScanSARInSARInSAR

PolPol--InSARInSARInSARInSARPhasePhase

PSInSARPSInSARPhase + Phase + DEMDEM

ScanSARScanSARDInSARDInSAR

PolPol--DInSARDInSARDInSARDInSARPhase + Phase + DEMDEM

ScanSARScanSARPolPol--SARSARSARSARIntensityIntensity

ScanSARScanSARPolarisationPolarisationSARSAR

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2007 2007 –– FOUR Radar Satellites LaunchedFOUR Radar Satellites Launched

8 June: COSMO8 June: COSMO--SkyMedSkyMed ((COCOnstellationnstellation of of small small SSatellites for the atellites for the MMediterranean basin editerranean basin OObservationbservation), 1), 1stst satellite of a constellation of satellite of a constellation of FOUR (Italy) FOUR (Italy)

15 June: 15 June: TerraSARTerraSAR--X (Germany)X (Germany)

9 December: COSMO9 December: COSMO--SkyMedSkyMed 2nd2nd

14 December: Radarsat14 December: Radarsat--2 (Canada)2 (Canada)


TerraSARTerraSAR--XXLaunched on 15 June 2007Launched on 15 June 2007Resolution: ~1Resolution: ~1--2 meters2 metersXX--BandBandRepeat cycle: 11 daysRepeat cycle: 11 days


Near Future Near Future –– Many More to ComeMany More to ComeCOSMOCOSMO--SkyMedSkyMed Constellation (* 4, Italy)Constellation (* 4, Italy)HJ HJ Constellation (* 8 Constellation (* 8 –– 4 radar; 4 optical 4 radar; 4 optical –– China), two China), two launched on 6 September 2008launched on 6 September 2008


COSMOCOSMO--SkyMedSkyMed ConstellationConstellation

Satellite RevisitsSatellite Revisits16 days with 116 days with 1-- satellitesatellite

8 days with a 28 days with a 2--satellites satellites constellationconstellation

4 days with a 44 days with a 4--satellites satellites constellationconstellation


RadarsatRadarsat Constellation * 3Constellation * 3


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Hundreds of EO SatellitesHundreds of EO Satellites



Concluding RemarksConcluding RemarksInSARInSAR can be used as a costcan be used as a cost--effective technique effective technique to complement ground survey for monitoring to complement ground survey for monitoring ground displacement at mmground displacement at mm--level accuracy.level accuracy.

A range of possible applications.A range of possible applications.

Ground infrastructure to support near realGround infrastructure to support near real--time time applications applications –– STARS.STARS.

Australian Space Science Program Australian Space Science Program -- $48m $48m ––should we go further?should we go further?


AcknowledgementAcknowledgementStanford / JPLStanford / JPL

JAXA/METIJAXA/METI

ERSDACERSDAC

ESA / CSAESA / CSA

IAGIAG

ARC, CRCSI, NSW Lands and UNSWARC, CRCSI, NSW Lands and UNSW


$$$$,$$$


ENVISAT ASAR ENVISAT ASAR vsvs ALOS PALSARALOS PALSARENVISAT ALOS

05/07/2007~09/08/2007 (35 days)

Bperp = 89.94mBperp = perpendicular baseline

29/06/2007~14/08/2007 (46 days)

Bperp = 44.75m

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Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS)Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS)

Very High density of DTM spotsVery High density of DTM spotsDTM spot height accuracy DTM spot height accuracy ±±0.1m 0.1m -- 0.2m0.2mPre to post mining surface to surface Pre to post mining surface to surface comparison plotting contours of subsidence.comparison plotting contours of subsidence.Surface to surface comparison also Surface to surface comparison also represented as false represented as false colourcolour rendered image.rendered image.


Task 1: Automate and Task 1: Automate and ParalleliseParallelise DInSARDInSARTwoTwo--pass DInSAR Processing Chainpass DInSAR Processing Chain

Oversample

SAR Simulation

Master Image Slave Image

Coregistration Coregistration

Topographic Phase Simulation

Raw Interferogram Generation

Differential Interferogram Generation

Coherence Map Generation

Phase Denoising

Geocoding

Searching and Reformatting SRTM

DEMs

Interferomatric Pairs


20092009 Victorian BushfiresVictorian Bushfires

Feb7 Feb7 –– March 14March 14

173173 deaddead

500500 enjuredenjured

400400 fires on Feb 7fires on Feb 7

Area 4500 km2Area 4500 km2

Worst in AustraliaWorst in AustraliaVisiting Professor Linlin Ge

Email: [email protected] ::: 52



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Zoom-in on Marysville


Zoom-in on Beechworth


Zoom-in on WilsonsPromontory


Welcome to visit CRCSI/UNSWWelcome to visit CRCSI/UNSW欢迎参访欢迎参访


The Chinese AmbassadorThe Chinese Ambassador （（Feb 2009Feb 2009））


The Chinese Vice Minister for Science and The Chinese Vice Minister for Science and TechnologyTechnology（（March 2009March 2009））

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Australian Federal Minister for EnvironmentAustralian Federal Minister for EnvironmentPeter Garrett Peter Garrett （（April 2009April 2009））

how many spaceborne sar sar platforms sensors? · auspos, geoscience australia automated dinsar,...

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