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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 1 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
How measured data is being used to help Operate
the transmission network
Ciarán Geaney
EirGrid | Power System Protection & Metering
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 2 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Introduction
• Phasor Measurement Unit
• Timelines & Statistics
• System Overview
• Current Uses & Analyses
• Potential Uses
• Events Detected
• December 2014 Oscillation
Introduction
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 3 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Phasor Measuring Unit
eMSNI sub.net Disturbance Recorder
• Meets IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasor Standard
• Streams 3 Voltage Phasors, 3 Current Phasors &
Frequency @ 50 samples/second (20ms / 50Hz)
• Data is GPS time stamped with microsecond accuracy
• Communication is via Ethernet connection to secure
comms network.
• Each device can monitor 2 circuits/feeders
• PMUs installed on high accuracy EirGrid energy
metering cores (0.2% accurate)
• Calibration/Certification process in place
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 4 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Timelines & Statistics
• Pilot project completed in 2011
• Tendered solution installed Jan 2013
• In use in Control Centres by Jan 2014
• 39 PMUs actively streaming
Three-phase currents, voltages, frequency at 50 Hz
27 in EirGrid at 19 locations
12 PMUs in SONI at 5 locations
• All streaming PMUs are installed on revenue metering
check cores. CTs, VTs and PMUs are all revenue
metering-class (0.2% accurate)
• PMU calibration/certification process in place
• Two-years of historical data available on-line
(terrabytes of data)
• Many generator oscillations, wide-area events
detected
• Currently have a further 40+ PMUs installed and
operating as standalone disturbance recorders PMU
Standalone Disturbance Recorder
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 5 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
System Overview
Databases Client Tools Interface Nodes
Comms Networks
Data Sources
Dedicated Display Viewer & Builder
Web Browser
Viewer
MS Excel Add-In
Analysis & Notifications Toolbox
Data Historian PMU’s
Private WAN #1
Private WAN #2
Private WAN #3 Data Collector #2
Data Collector #1
Asset Database
Private WAN #4
PMU’s
PMU’s
PMU’s
Voltage, Current & Frequency
sampled at 50 Hz.
GPS time-stamped.
Data transmitted to central PDC
(IEEE C37.118)
Concentrated data stored in
corporate servers
Power calculations executed
Data stored for ~ 2 years
(> 2.5 GB / day)
Client tools for viewing &
crunching the data
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 6 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Generator oscillation detection & notification
Fourier analysis on real power output from each monitored unit
• Frequency oscillation detection & notification
Fourier analysis on frequency at a Dublin location & Cork location (backup)
Fourier analysis on frequency at location in SONI
• Phase angle monitoring
• Frequency event detection & notification
• Island detection & notification
• Voltage dip detection and notification
• Model validation
• Post event fault analysis
Current Uses & Analyses
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 7 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Generator Testing
Currently ongoing but could be expanded
• Blackstart Testing
• Near Real-time calculations
Performance Monitoring Applications
Live Trends of Generator Response Vs. Expected/Ideal Response
• System Separation/Synchronisation Events
Real-time phase angle difference
• Automated Customer Reporting following events
• Integration with SCADA/EMS for smarter analyses
Potential Uses
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 8 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Transfomer Energisation at 17:24:42
• Voltage dipped from 235 kV to 224 kV due to inrush
• CCGT unit reacted and began oscillating ~200 MW at 1.2 Hz
Events Detected (1)
391.88
MW
50.03
Hz
Real Power Frequency
17:25:10 17:25:05 17:25:00 17:24:45 17:24:40 17:24:35
15/01/2014 17:25:15Real Power (green) Vs Frequency (blue)
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
49.98
50.00
50.02
50.04
50.06
50.08
50.10
-28.83
MVAr
1.07
Reactive Power %..\..\.%
17:25:10 17:25:05 17:25:00 17:24:45 17:24:40 17:24:35
15/01/2014 17:25:15Reactive Power (green) Vs pu Voltage (blue)
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 9 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• CCGT tripped from 400 MW near Dublin
• Frequency dipped to 49.25 Hz and returned to 49.9 Hz within six seconds
• Another CCGT provided correct MW reserve, but large MVAr swing
• Dublin voltage was ok, Cork Voltage swung from 236 kV to between 223 kV and
252 kV
• Synchrosphasor System summarised the event and issued email notifications
Events Detected (2)
219.997
MW
49.88
Hz
Real Power Frequency
4:10:25 4:10:20 4:10:15 4:10:10 4:10:05 4:09:55 4:09:50 4:09:45 4:09:40 4:09:35
06/05/2013 04:10:30Active Power (green) Vs Frequency (blue)
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
49.2
49.35
49.5
49.65
49.8
49.95
50.1
115.949
MVAr
1.07704
Reactive Power
4:10:25 4:10:20 4:10:15 4:10:10 4:10:05 4:09:55 4:09:50 4:09:45 4:09:40 4:09:35
06/05/2013 04:10:30Reactive Power (green) Vs pu Voltage (blue)
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
1
1.02333
1.04667
1.07
1.09333
1.11667
1.14
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 10 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• 2½ hour trend on Wednesday 12th of February 2014 showing ~95 trips
during the heights of Storm Darwin.
238.3
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Longpoint 220 kV
150.0
190.0
210.0
250.0 283.7
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Coolkeeragh 275 kV
280.0
282.0
283.0
284.0
286.0
401.8
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Moneypoint 400 kV
375.0
385.0
395.0
405.0
415.0 115.6
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Shannonbridge 110 kV
104.0
109.0
114.0
118.0
287.1
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
Ballycronan More 275 kV
282.0
284.0
286.0
289.0
235.5
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Irishtown 220 kV
222.0
227.0
232.0
240.0
282.2
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Louth 275 kV
274.0
278.0
280.0
282.0
286.0
1.04
1.03
1.08
1.07
1.04
13:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Per Unit Vol tages
0.65
0.85
0.95
1.15
Events Detected (3)
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 11 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Suspect device
discovered under
Louth – Tandragee
275 kV tower
• Systems were split
in a planned
manner as a
precaution.
• Frequencies were
balanced with
SONI slightly
higher than
EirGrid
• Sync Scheme at
Tandragee worked
as planned
System Separation &
Re-Synchronisation
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 12 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Oscillation & Trip
• Generator oscillation and consequent tripping due to issue with a gas valve
-5.41026
MW
49.9846
Hz
Real Power Frequency
4:44 4:43 4:42 4:41 4:40 4:38 4:37 4:36 4:35 4:34
17/06/2014 04:45:00Active Power (green)
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
49.88
49.9
49.92
49.94
49.96
49.98
50
50.02
50.04
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 13 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
AF2.APL16 ModuleDB\EirGrid|Frequency NCC
50.09
Hz
AF2.APL16 ModuleDB\EirGrid|Frequency CHCC
50.09
Hz
Frequency NCC Frequency CHCC
22:47 22:46 22:45 22:44 22:43 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36
26/12/2014 22:47:45NCC and CHCC Frequency
49.60
49.70
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
December 2014 Oscillation (1)
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 14 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
Osci llation Frequency (Hz)
Osci llation Ampli tude
(Peak-Peak mHz)
System Frequency (Hz)
Frequency Oscillation Amplitude (mHz)
Legend:
Live MeasurementsLast Five Minutes
22:49 22:48 22:47 22:46 22:45 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
Frequency NCC
22:49 22:48 22:47 22:46 22:45 22:44 22:41 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36
49.60
49.70
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
December 2014 Oscillation (2)
• Very Low Frequency Oscillation
• 0.065 Hz oscillation mode with max pk-pk amplitude of ~ 350 mHz
• Root cause still under investigation
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 15 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
How Measured Data is being used in Planning the
Transmission Network?
Brendan Kelly
EirGrid | Transmission Access Planning
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 16 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 17 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Evolution in Planning Needs –
The Old meets the New
Connection Studies
Load Flow
Short Circuit
Dynamics Stability
EMT/TOV
Power Quality/Harmonics
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 18 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
The need for Good Power Quality
Bound by Grid Code to ensure adequate Quality of Power for Customers as per IEC/TR 61000-3-6 at
IPP/DSO Point of Connection
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 19 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
We’ve got you covered!
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 20 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Using Data for Power Quality Analysis
1. Predicting Future Harmonic Distortion using Existing Measurements
2. Trends – Is there a problem/Is it getting worse?
3. Monitoring Impacts of Wind, Demand, Outages, Cables, Filters and Improving Network Models
4. Using data to create more efficient study procedures
5. Combatting variability in measurements
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 21 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
1. Predicting Future Harmonic Distortion
Measured
Harmonic
Distortion
Today
Calculation of Harmonic Limits for every future connecting customer
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 22 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
2. #trending
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 23 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
2b. Trends – Year on Year Change in
Incremental Harmonic Distortion
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 24 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
2c. Correlation of Wind with Harmonic
Distortion
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 25 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
3. Monitor/Benchmark Impact of
Cable Connections
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 26 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
3b. Highlight Critical Contingencies
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 27 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
4. Investigate Seasonal Demand
Correlations
- Cut Study Scenarios in Half! Measurements for January and June
Expected Significant
Damping from Load
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 28 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
5. Variability of Measurements
Using Data to ensure Studies not detached from Reality
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 29 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Move towards an Interactive - Data
Transparent future?
Note: For Illustrative Purposes Only.
Real Measurement Data not included
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Station E
Station F
Station G
Station H
Station I
Station J
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 30 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Questions & Answers