how much do you know about the middle east??? · tomahawk cruise missile desert storm was the first...
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How much do you know
about the Middle East???
1)Who created most of the borders and countries of the Middle East?
a. France and England
b. Saudi Arabia
c. The United Nations
d. The United States
3) What are the two main
religious sects in Islam?___________________&___________________.
4) What is the most populous
Islamic country in the world?a. Egyptb. Indonesiac. Irand. Saudi Arabia
How much do you know about the
middle east?
○Answers!!
○1. A - France & England
○2. C - Farsi
○3. Sunni & Shiite
○4. B – Indonesia (196 million people)
○5. C
Iran – Iraq War
Iran-Iraq WarIraq Basics – Who? Ethnic Groups
1.Arabs = 2/3 of population
2.Kurds = 1/3 of population
○ Own Language & customs
○ Want their own state
○ Brutally suppressed in Iraq
Iran-Iraq War Iraq Basics Who? Religion
1. Shiite – 3/5 of population: Believe Muslim
leader should be a direct descendant of
Mohammed
2. Sunni – 2/5 of population (Saddam
Hussein): Believe leader should be a
respected leader of the community
Main difference is over who should
lead the Muslim community!!!
Iran-Iraq WarBaath Party = Party of Saddam Hussein
What does it do?
Secular
(non-religious) Gov’t.
Uses oil money for
government projects
Hussein begins to
eliminate opponents
Iran-Iraq WarWhat started the war?
1. Border disputes
2. Fear of Shiites (majority in Iraq) rebelling against Saddam (Sunni) – Why?
Iranian Revolution & the rise of Ayatollah Khomeini (Iran=almost all Shiite)
Iran-Iraq War Timeline
Iraq’s Goals:
1. Remove Iran’s leaders
(shiite)
2. Gain oil and land
3. Make Saddam a hero
Iran-Iraq War TimelineSeptember 22, 1980 Saddam
Hussein invaded Iran and took a key waterway into the Persian Gulf
both sides attacked oil fields, attacked tankers, and set mines in the Persian Gulf
U.S. sent warships to protect oil tankers
U.S. ($200 mil. in arms) supported Iraq – Why?
Iran-Iraq War TimelineLong, brutal war (about 8 years),
including the use of chemical &
biological weapons
more than a million combined deaths
Results in a Stalemate, UN cease-fire in 1988
U.S. puts sanctions on Iraq and decreases its support b/c of human rights violations
Persian Gulf WarWhy???
1. Iraq’s claim to land in Kuwait
2.Claimed Kuwait was stealing oil
3.Hussein thought no one would stop him
The ConflictOn August 2,
1990 the country of Iraq invaded and occupied the tiny country of Kuwait over a “supposed” dispute over oil.
United States Responds
President
George H.W.
Bush declared
that the invasion
“would not
stand.”
Had full UN
support!!!
United States Responds
Operation Desert Shield:
American troops sent to protect
Saudi Arabia
Operation Desert Storm: US
bombs Iraqi military & select
targets to LIBERATE KUWAIT!!!
Strategy
1. Six weeks of air attacks on
strategic targets in Kuwait
and Baghdad (Iraqi capital)
to soften up Iraqi military
2. Ground forces move in to
push Iraqi military out of
Kuwait
Outcome
American forces led by Gen. Norman Schwarzkopfwould eventually annihilate the Iraqi forces with the world’s most advanced weapons.
Results1. Iraq accepts border with Kuwait,
surrenders all WMDs, destroys all WMD production capability
2. Oil for Food Program – Iraq can sell oil in exchange for food
3. Saddam represses Kurds & Shiites after the war – No Fly Zones
Ground War Assessment
Operation Desert Storm (ground) lasted only 100 hours.
Air Assault lasted 6 weeks
leading up to the ground invasion
100,000 Iraqis killed; 148
Americans
Air Support
American air superiority gave the
coalition forces a huge advantage in
this conflict.
American aircraft completed
decimated Saddam Huessien’s
forces.
Air superiority included: bombers,
attack helicopters, fighter jets and
other highly advanced weapons.
F-117a stealth Designed to be virtually invisible to radar.
Nicknamed the “Wobblin Goblin” because
of bumpy ride and outlandish appearance
Primary weapon (2,000 pound laser -
guided bombs)
Targets in Gulf War included Iraqi
command and control installations and
also chemical and nuclear production and
storage facilities.
B-52 Stratofortress
US Airforce’s long range, large payload multi-role bomber.
Nicknamed BUFF - Big Ugly Fat Fellow
Can carry more than 70,000 lbs of bombs -nuclear, laser guided and conventional.
In Operation Desert Storm, B-52s were used to conduct round-the-clock carpet bombing attacks against Iraqi troop concentrations and defenses. In addition to high-explosive bombs, the B-52s saturated Iraqi positions with anti-personnel and anti-armor bombs.
Tomahawk cruise missile Desert Storm was the first combat test of
the cruise missile system. Highly successful.
In the war, Tomahawks were used to destroy surface-to-air missile sites, command and control centers, electrical power facilities and were credited with the destruction of Iraq's presidential palace.
Carry 1000 lbs computer or laser guided missiles - 550 miles per hour - up to 1500 miles
AH - 64 apache
Specifically designed for its attack role. It
is heavily armored and is hard to kill.
Uses “Hellfire” anti-tank missiles that have
range of 3.7 miles. Top speed 184 miles an
hour.
30 mm laser directed gun also used -
attached to pilot’s helmet; targeting
information seen
Primary use in Gulf was to destroy tanks
and armored vehicles - highly effective
weapon.
S-70A Blackhawk Primary mission of the Blackhawk is
as a troop carrier and and logistical
support aircraft
Can carry 11 fully equipped troops.
Equipped with the Hellfire anti-tank
missile and 50 calibre machine guns
Designed for low delectability.
AH-1W SuperCobra US Marines attack helicopter.
Can carry both the TOW and Hellfire
anti-tank missiles.
Also able to use the Sidewinder air-
to-air missile.
Equipped also with a variety of
rockets and 20 mm gatling guns.
A-10 Thunderbolt Also known as the Warthog, Flying Gun,
or the Tankbuster.
The A-10 was responsible for more than
half of the Iraqi military inventory
losses, including tanks, Scuds and
helicopters.
Can carry up to ten Maverick air-to-
surface missiles.
Avenger 30mm cannon, mounted in the
nose of the aircraft. Can fire 4200
rounds a minute.
F-14 Tomcat
The F-14 Tomcat is the US Navy's
carrier-based two-seat air defense,
intercept, strike and reconnaissance
aircraft
The F-14 is armed with a General
Electric Vulcan M61A-1 20mm gun with
675 rounds of ammunition.
The aircraft can carry short-, medium-
and long-range air-to-air missiles and,
and air-to-ground ordnance including
the Rockeye bomb and CBU cluster
bomb
F-15E Strike Eagle
The F-15E dual-role fighter is an advanced
long-range interdiction fighter and tactical
aircraft
It is armed with air-to-air missiles that can
be launched from beyond visual range,
and has air-to-ground capability to
penetrate hostile air and ground defenses
to deliver up to 24,000lb of precision
ordnance.
The aircraft is armed with an internal M-61
20mm Gatling gun, installed in the right
wing root.
F-16 Fighting Falcon
The first of the US Air Force multi-role
fighter aircraft, is the world's most prolific
fighter.
Air-to-surface missiles carried on the F-16
include Maverick, HARM and Shrike
missiles
The F-16 carries the Lockheed Martin
LANTIRN infra-red navigation and
targeting system.
The F-16 has a 20mm General Electric
M61A1 multi-barrel cannon and the
gunsight is interfaced to the cockpit HUD.
Drones Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are
either remotely or autonomous pilotless
drones typically used for reconnaissance.
UAVs
At least one UAV was airborne at all times
during Desert Storm.
One of the most unusual surrenders took
place when a Pioneer remotely-piloted
vehicle droned above the battlefield,
surveying potential targets. Five Iraqi
soldiers waved white flags at its tiny
television camera; it was the first time in
history that men surrendered to a robot.
Air War Assessment Began January 17,
1991 and lasted
about 6 weeks
until the ground
attack began.
Air power was
then used to
assist the ground
assault.
Air power gave the
US an extreme
advantage
Tomahawk destroying
Iraqi postion
The Ground War
On Feb 24, 1991
Marine divisions
launched the ground
offensive.
Gen. Schwarzkopf
hatched his “Hail
Mary” attack plan.
The ground assault
by the Allies
precipitated a general
rout on the part of
Iraqi forces
positioned in Kuwait.
M1 - Abrams
Named for the late Gen. Creighton W.
Abrams, former Army Chief of Staff
Principal U.S. heavy tank used in the
Gulf War
M-1 mounts an M68E1 105 mm main gun
and two 7.62mm NATO M240 machine
guns.
Outranged Iraqi tanks by about 1,000
meters
Its ability to fire reliably when moving at
speed (45 mph) over rough ground
gave it a capability that proved valuable
M109 Paladin A6
Provides primary indirect fire support to
heavy divisions and armored cavalry
regiments.
The M109A6 is self propelled 155 mm
howitzer.
It contains an on board ballistic computer
and navigation system, an improved
cannon and gun mount, automatic gun
positioning, automotive improvements
and driver night vision equipment.
High Mobility
Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Provides a variety of wheeled vehicle
platforms
Cargo/troop carrier, armament carrier,
TOW missile system carrier, shelter
carrier and two ambulance variants (2-
and 4-litter).
Designed for use over all types of
roads, in all weather conditions and are
extremely effective in the most difficult
terrain.
Perfect for use in desert operations
Bradley Fighting
Vehicle The BFVS is a lightly armored, fully
tracked fighting vehicle that provides
cross-country mobility, mounted
firepower and protection from artillery
and small-arms fire.
It is used in mechanized infantry and
armored cavalry combat
M2 provides infantry squads with a light
armored fighting vehicle; M3 provides
scout and armored cavalry units with a
vehicle for reconnaissance, screening,
and security missions.
Multiple Launch
Rocket System
The multiple launch rocket system
(MLRS) delivers extreme firepower in a
short time.
The MLRS consists of a launcher that
holds two six-rocket canisters.
Primary missions are counter-battery fire
and suppression of enemy air defense
systems.
Each MLRS artillery rocket disperses 644
fragmentation bomblets over the target.
These munitions are both anti-armor and
antipersonnel.
M9 Armored
Combat Earthmover
The M9 ACE is a highly mobile armored
tracked vehicle that provides combat
engineer support to front-line forces.
Its tasks include eliminating enemy
obstacles, maintenance and repair of
roads and supply routes, and
construction of fighting positions.
Used in the Gulf War to remove sand
walls set up by Iraqis to slow down US
offensive.