how planes fly - mar/c · how planes fly ! marymoor r/c club, redmond, wa! ama charter 1610!...
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How Planes Fly
!Marymoor R/C Club, Redmond, WA!
AMA Charter 1610!
Version 2.0 – Nov 2018!
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Controls, Aerodynamics, and Stability
• Elevator, Rudder, Aileron!
• Wing planform!
• Lift and Wing Design!
• Wing section (airfoil)!
• Tail group (empennage)!
• Center of lift, center of gravity!
• Characteristics of a “speed stable” airplane!Page 2!
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Ailerons, Elevators, and Rudder!Control Roll, Pitch, and Yaw!
Ailerons!• Roll, left and right!
Elevators!• Pitch, up and down) !
Rudder!• Yaw, left and right!
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Radio Controls!
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Ailerons!(roll)!
Elevator!(Pitch)!
Rudder!(yaw)!
Power!
Trim Controls!
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Wing Planform!
• Rectangular (best for trainers)!
• Tapered!
• Elliptical!
• Swept!
• Delta!
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Lift!
Lift comes from:!
• Angle of Attack!
• Wing Area!
• Airfoil Shape !
• Airspeed!
In level flight, Lift = Weight!
Page 6!
Direction of flight!
Lift!
Drag!
Weight!
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Lift is greatly reduced when the Wing Stalls!
• Stall can occur when:!
• Too slow!
• Pulling too much up elevator!
• Steep bank angle!
• Any combination of these three!
• Occurs at critical angle of attack, about 15 degrees !
• Trainers have gentle stall characteristics. The warbird you want to fly someday might not.!
• One wing can stall before the other, resulting in a sharp roll, and if it continues, a spin. A good trainer won’t do this.!
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Airfoil Shapes!
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Flat bottom airfoil!• much camber (mid-line is curved)!• Often used on trainers and Cubs!• Good at low speeds!
“Semi-symmetrical” airfoil!• has some camber !• sometimes used on trainers!• Good all-around airfoil!
Symmetrical wing!• Zero camber - mid line is straight!• Used on aerobatic airplanes!
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Empennage (The tail Group)!
• Large tail surfaces, longer aft fuselage, and relatively small elevator and rudder result in a smoother, more stable airplane.!
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Balance and Pitch Stability!
• A stable trainer type airplane will have the balance point, or center of gravity (CG) ahead of the center of lift.!
• ALWAYS make sure your model balances at the point recommended by the manufacturer.!
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Roll Stability!• Dihedral effect helps to right the airplane in roll,
making it easier to fly!
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Dihedral angle!
• A zero dihedral high wing airplane will !still have some dihedral effect !
• Swept wings have dihedral effect!• Aerobatic airplanes usually have zero!
dihedral so they also fly well upside !down !
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Disclaimers!
MAR/C provides advice. After you gain solo flight privileges,!only you are responsible for your !
model aircraft readiness, your actions, and abilities!!
Any instructions provided by the manufacturers of !equipment such as but not limited to aircraft, radio controls, !
batteries, motors or engines !and anything installed in your airplane have !
precedence over any advice provided by instructors, this document,! or the mar-c website..!
!Flying and teaching techniques!
vary widely in our hobby, and vary from one instructor to another. !!
The goal of this document is to encourage some standardization and !provide a practical minimum amount of knowledge.!
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Version Information!Version Author Date Description1.5
BrianKelly April2017AlignedFlightTrainingSyllabuswithnewflightlog.Misc
correctionsandrefinements1.6
BrianKelly 4/19/2017 Miscedits,repairedlinks,toprepareforwebsiteupdate1.7 BrianKelly 4/26/2017 Correctionsandmiscedits1.8 BrianKelly 9/28/2017 UpdatedProficiencyCheckandmiscedits2.0
BrianKelly Nov2018Brokenintoseparatestandalonechaptersforquicker
accessonthewebsite.
Copyright © 2018 Marymoor Radio Control Club mar-c.org!
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