how to build a robot with an arduino and 8051 microcontroller

How To Build a Robot With an Arduino and 8051 Microcontroller

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Introduction:The main purpose of robot is to decrease the man power. The robots are used in electronics in many applications. In this presentation we are discussing about how to build the obstacle-avoiding robot with the Arduino module & 8051 microcontroller.

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The required components to build the robot includes the following

How To Build a Robot

• Robot Body

• DC Motor

• Arduino Module

• Motor Driver IC

• Ultrasonic Sensor







How to Build a Robot

1. Robot Body

The basic robot body of the robot of obstacle avoidance vehicle.

The robot body is a plastic body and it contains wheels on both sides.

Ultrasonic sensor is arranged in front of the robot body.

By using the ultrasonic sensor the obstacle can be detected.






How To Build a Robot With an Arduino and 8051

MicrocontrollerRobot Body

Any obstacle is detected by the ultrasonic sensor while the robot is moving.

Then the robot will move aside and it will continue moving.







2. DC Motor

The DC motor is an electric motor and it runs with direct current.

The operation of any motor is based on the electromagnetism.

The magnetic field is produced by the current carrying conductors

When it is placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor.







DC Motor Generally, we know that the magnets are opposite polarity attraction

from north to south.

If the polarities are same like north to north & south to south then the magnets will repel.

DC Motor






How To Build a Robot With an Arduino and 8051

MicrocontrollerDC Motor

The internal configuration of DC motor is designed to attach the magnetic interaction between the current carrying conductor and the external magnetic field to produce the motion.

Here we are using two DC motors, each motor contains 6v and the total two DC motors contain 12v.

The two DC motors are placed in the robot body







DC Motor The robot body is moved with the help of the DC motors

Robot Body with DC Motor







3. Arduino Module

The following image shows the arduino module image.







3. Arduino Module

The arduino module plays an important role in the design of the obstacle avoidance robot using arduino kit.

The receiver pin of the arduino is connected to the second pin of ultrasonic sensor.

The 1st, 2nd, & 3rd pin of arduino module is connected to the DC motor driver.

The common components capacitor and diode are also connected to the arduino module with the help of the battery power supply.







4. Motor Driver IC To run the DC motor the motor driver IC used.

The pins 3,6 & 11, 14 of motor driver are connected to the DC motor.

The input pin 1 and 2 are connected to the arduino module and the enable pin is connected to the transmitter pin of the arduino.

The pins 4, 5, 12, 13 of motor driver are connected to the ground.







Ultrasonic Sensor

In this concept the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect an obstacle ahead.

It will send the command to the arduino board.

Depending upon the input signal the microcontroller redirects the robot to move in alternate directions.







The applications of the arduino robot obstacle avoidance

Ultrasonic Sensor

• The arduino robot can move on any surface

• It can move on metallic surface like refrigerator body.







The below image shows the arduino robot for obstacle avoidance

Arduino Robot for Obstacle Avoidance







Building Robot With 8051 Microcontroller

The components required to build the robot with the 8051 microcontroller are

• 8051 microcontroller

• DC motors

• Motor drivers

• Metal detector

To build a robot with the 8051 microcontroller, We took the metal detector robot vehicle for the explanation.







• Decoder

• Encoder

• Push buttons

• Crystal

• RF transmitter and receiver

Building Robot With 8051 Microcontroller







Metal Detector

The metal detector is a coil it has one or more metal coils used to detect the metals on the ground.

The metal detector works on the principle of the electromagnetic induction.

The metal detector is connected to the robot body through the PCB.







Metal Detector The following image shows the general metal detector used in the

electronic projects.







Push Buttons The push buttons are buttons which are made up of hard metals like

plastic and metal.

Generally the push buttons are used to reset the program in the microcontroller.

The following image shows the push button image.







8051 Microcontroller The 8051 microcontroller consists of 40 pins.

The 4th & 5th pin of the microcontroller is connected to the crystal oscillator.

The Vcc pin is given to the power supply of 5V and the ground pin is connected to the ground.

The pins 15, 16, 18, 19 of the microcontroller are connected to the encoder IC of HT12E.

The microcontroller pins 2, 7, 8, 9, are connected to the push buttons.







8051 Microcontroller The following image after connecting all the components like resistor,

capacitor, crystal oscillator, 8051 series microcontroller, encoders and etc are on the printed circuit board.

PCB Connections







8051 Microcontroller The below image shows the metal detector robot with the 8051 series

microcontroller.

Metal Detector Robot with the 8051 Series Microcontroller







Here in this project we showed how to build a simple robotic obstacle avoidance using arduino and 8051 Microcontroller. With the help of sensors and other components robot can detect the obstacle and turn around and avoid crashing.

Conclusion

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how to build a robot with an arduino and 8051 microcontroller

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