How to complete Grammar Notes from home: Write down the title for each NB entry Set up notebook page the same way the PPT slide looks Watch the Brain Pop video associated with notes (search onfor video name)www.brainpop.com LOG IN: username = rcspop password = rcspop14 Fill in the missing information with help from Tim & Moby on each video 8 th Grade - Quarter 1 Grammar Notes 1.) Nouns 2.) Proper Nouns 3.) Pronouns 4.) Possessive Nouns 5.) Adjectives 6.) Verbs 7.) Adverbs 8.) Parts of Speech 9.) Subject and Predicate 10.) Sentence Fragments 11.) Run-on Sentences WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Nouns NOUNS NOUNS = person, place, thing, idea Compound nouns Plural nouns Concrete nouns Abstract nouns Proper nouns Singular nouns Common nouns Quick definition Example(s) Apply List five examples of concrete nouns List five examples of abstract nouns WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Proper Nouns Try to think of proper nouns as proper or fancy nouns that require capitalization because of how proper they are! Common noun = teacher, female, woman Pronoun = she, her (we will get to this next) Proper noun = Mrs. Pathenos Iggy Azalea NERD ALERT What kind of word should you invite to a tea party?? A PROPER NOUN! WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Pronouns A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun or another pronoun. Personal pronouns change their form to express person, number, gender, and case. First Person Examples: I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours Second Person Examples: You, your, yours Third Person Examples: She, he, it, her, him, hers, his, they, them, their, theirs Pronouns Why do we use pronouns? Well, just try talking without using them! Mrs. Pathenos washed Mrs. Pathenoss hands. The person named Silas sitting in that third chair is friends with the other person named Cole sitting in that chair. Pronouns Pronouns are sometimes confused with proper nouns, but dont make that mistake! Remember proper nouns as proper or fancy nouns that require capitalization because of how proper they are! Common noun = girl, female, lady, woman Pronoun = she, her Proper noun = Mrs. Pathenos or Jari Lynn Pathenos Pronoun Sorting Create this chart in your Writers NB 1 st Person2 nd Person3 rd Person Pronoun Sorting Arrange these pronouns by writing them under their proper column heading. meshehermyI yoursusweyoutheirs ourstheyyoumineit theiryourthemhehis WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Possessive Nouns The RULE for the possessive apostrophe: The apostrophe is placed at the end of a noun to indicate that something belongs to someone or something. The apostrophe replace the word of in a sentence. That girls chairThe chair of the girl The girl possesses/owns the chair. The chair belongs to the girl. The dogs foodThe food of the dog The dog possesses/owns the food. The food belongs to the dog. Another RULE for the possessive apostrophe: You need to figure out if your possessor/owner is singular (one) or plural (two or more). Quick Review: Singular = boy, girl, dog, cat, school Plural = boys, girls, dogs, cats, schools More on this rule: When singular, the apostrophe is always on the left of its s. When plural, it is usually on the right. What the heck!? Examples One person, one item (SINGULAR) Two people, two items (PLURAL) the boys jacketthe boys jackets my parents carmy parents cars my bosss hatmy bosses hats the womans dressthe womens dresses the childs toythe childrens toys Lets TRY it! The girls shoes fit her well. Dr. Seuss books are popular kids books. The princess crown fell off her head. Lets TRY it (again) The barn animals food will last them two weeks. Mrs. Pathenos desk is a mess today. The Pathenos home has a welcome mat. NERD ALERT A VERB and a NOUN were dating, but they broke up. Why??? The noun was too possessive! WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes Adjectives ADJECTIVES: describe or modify nouns can be numbers, colors, sizes, etc. usually come right before the noun sometimes come after a verb Remember, nouns can be people, places, things, or ideas. Examples of nouns: teacher, student, school, books, hunger, wisdom. A writer can enhance his/her writing by adding adjectives. Adjectives Review ADJECTIVES are used to answer the following: Hint: label the nouns with an N before you start looking for adjectives! 1.) Rory is a stinky dog. 2.) I fed the squirrels some peanuts. 3.) My cat has eight whiskers. 4.) The round, silver spaceship carried ugly aliens. 5.) My backpack feels like it weighs nine pounds! Practice Choose 3 of the 5 sentences to write down in your NB. Label the nouns with N and label the adjectives with ADJ. Hint: Label the nouns with an N before you start looking for adjectives! 1.) I am going to wear a wacky and colorful costume to the dance. 2.) Hedgehogs have prickly backs, but they are still cute! 3.) My older brother stole my secret journal. 4.) The round, silver spaceship carried ugly aliens. 5.) His backpack feels like it weighs nine pounds! WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Verbs VERBS A verb is a word that shows physical action, mental action, or a state of being. Physical actions: run, jump, swim, leap, sleep, skip, burp, laugh Mental state: think, guess, consider State of being: be, appear, seem, feel Verbs Express Physical Actions Here are some sentences with the verbs bolded. She sells crayons and scissors. (In this example, the word sells is a verb. It expresses the physical activity to sell.) The doctor wrote the prescription. (In this example, the word wrote is a verb. It expresses the physical activity to write. Javeria bought a ticket. (The word bought is a verb. It expresses the physical activity to buy.) Verbs Express Mental Actions She considers the job done. (The word considers is a verb. It expresses the mental activity to consider.) Addison guessed the right number. (The word guessed is a verb. It expresses the mental activity to guess.) I thought the same thing. (The word thought is a verb. It expresses the mental activity to think.) Verbs Express a State of Being A small, but extremely important group of verbs do not express any activity at all. The most important verb in this group arguably of all is the verb to be. As already mentioned, this is seen in forms like is, are, were, was, will be, etc. Edwina is the largest elephant in this area. (The word is is a verb from the verb to be.) It was a joke. (The word was is a verb from the verb to be.) I am. (The word am is a verb from the verb to be.) Point of interest: I am is the shortest sentence in English. Practice Read the following passage, and write down how many VERBS you can spot! My two sisters sent a card to my aunt and uncle in It arrived this morning. A sticker on the card apologized for the delay. It was only 80 or so years late. 4 WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Adverbs Adverbs Review ADVERBS describe or modify adjectives or verbs many adverbs end in ly to figure out if a word is an adverb, you need to figure out what it is doing in the sentence Adverbs Review ADVERBS are used to answer the following: Hint: Label the verbs with a V before you start looking for adverbs! 1.) I cautiously walked down the dark hallway. 2.) The hyper kid crazily popped the red balloons. 3.) I studied for my grammar test during breakfast. 4.) The gymnasts routine was performed perfectly. 5.) Turn your missing work in now. Practice Choose 3 of the 5 sentences to write down in your NB. Label the verbs with a V and then label any adverbs with ADV. 1.) The talented ballerina gracefully moved across the stage. 2.) The students moved excitedly into the gymnasium. 3.) Puppies like to wildly jump and bark during exercise. 4.) Please meticulously study grammar notes daily. 5.) You may slam your pencil down now! WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Parts of Speech Adjectives = describe or modify nouns Adverbs = describe or modify verbs (and sometimes adjectives and other adverbs) Nouns = person, place, thing, idea Verbs = describe an action Apply Identify each underlined part of speech 1. The dog is wet. 2. The wet dog jumped on the couch. 3. The dog quickly fled the living room. 4. My dog is lazily relaxing on his own bed. 5. Fluffy, the dog, barked at the suspicious stranger. Answers: Challenge Write down these sentences and label each part of speech. V = verb, N = noun, Adj = adjective, Adv = adverb 1.) A portly woman waddled into the narrow elevator. 2.) Her sparse red hair was pinned back by a plastic barrette. 3.) The woman eerily stared at Martin with her tiny blue eyes, and Martin began to sweat profusely. WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Subject and Predicate PREDICATE Tells us about the subject What the subject isWhat the subject does What the subject is likeWhat the subject has SUBJECT Tells us WHO or WHAT the sentence is about Heres a complete thought The slimy, green monster quickly hid behind the bushes. Heres the subject Heres the predicate Lets make it SIMPLE SIMPLE SUBJECT The simple subject is usually just a noun or a pronoun SIMPLE PREDICATE The simple predicate is just the verb The slimy, green monster quickly hid behind the bushes. Simple subject Simple predicate Practice: Copy these sentences and Underline the complete subject one time. Underline the complete predicate two times. Put a circle around the simple subject. Put a box around the simple predicate. 1.) The fabulous teacher provides her students with candy. 2.) The builder used steel beams for the house. 3.) Most Halloween candy is safe to eat. WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Sentence Fragments A sentence fragment is NOT a complete thought A sentence fragment may be missing a subject, a predicate, or BOTH! Identify the missing part of each sentence Subject? Predicate? BOTH? 1.) People of various races, ages, and interests. 2.) Waited for the boat to arrive. 3.) Near the old cottage. In your NB: fix each sentence below by adding a subject, predicate, or both. 4.) People of various races, ages, and interests. 5.) Waited for the boat to arrive. 6.) Near the old cottage. Sample: People of various races, ages, and interests gathered together. Sample: The children waited for the boat to arrive. Sample: The burial ground is near the old cottage. WRITERS NB ENTRY: Grammar Notes: Run-On Sentences What is a run-on sentence? A run-on sentence is usually a complete thought that is connected with another complete thought and it is usually missing punctuation and it is typically pretty long. WHOA! Thats a run-on sentence! Warning: Just because a sentence is long does not automatically mean that it is a run-on. Three types of run-on sentences: A sentence with two complete thoughts that are just smashed together. EX: I like to dance dancing is a great way to exercise. A sentence with two complete thoughts with only a comma. EX: I like to dance, dancing is a great way to exercise. A sentence with two complete thoughts that are joined together with a conjunction, but NO comma. EX: I like to dance and dancing is a great way to exercise. How to fix run-on sentences: I like to dance dancing is a great way to exercise. I like to dance. Dancing is a great way to exercise. I like to dance, dancing is a great way to exercise. I like to dance; dancing is a great way to exercise. I like to dance and dancing is a great way to exercise. I like to dance, and dancing is a great way to exercise. Make the two complete thoughts two separate sentences by adding a period. Separate the two complete thoughts by adding a semicolon. Keep the two complete thoughts together, but link the thoughts with a comma and a conjunction (and, but, or) Practice: Identify each sentence as C or R. Change the three run-on sentences into correct sentences. Try all three methods. 1.) My favorite sport is rugby, rugby is a lot of fun! 2.) Tall aliens have green skin and short aliens have gray skin. 3.) Moby thinks orange is an ugly color, and he refuses to wear it. 4.) Fred is acting weird today he is just not acting like himself today. NERD ALERT A pregnant gal was heard shouting, Cant! Shouldnt! Couldnt! Arent! WHY?? She was having contractions!