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    How to Conduct a Literature

    Review

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    How to Conduct a Literature

    Review

    Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture,

    Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,

    Malaysia

    Email: [email protected]

    http://aleebrahim.com/site/Download.aspxmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://aleebrahim.com/site/Download.aspx
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    Outline

    Find literature associated with the topic.

    Search and analyze the literature.

    Evaluate the paper before reading.

    Cite literature properly. Make a summary table of reviewed papers.

    Avoid plagiarism.

    Write a journal article based on literature review.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show_public/39583892
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    The literature review

    In your literature review, you should: clarify your understanding of the field

    explain the rationale for your research

    place your research within a broader context evaluate the results of previous research

    define key concepts and ideas

    identify research in related areas that aregeneralisable or transferable to your topic

    identify relevant methodological issues.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    UNE. 2009. The literature review [Online]. University of New England. Available:

    http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php [Accessed 25 January 2010].

    http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.phphttp://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php
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    The literature review

    A literature review ensures that you are at least

    familiar with the body of research in your field

    before starting your own investigations.

    Writing a literature review also providespractice in critical thinking. Once you have

    applied critical thinking skills to the findings of

    past researchers, you are in a better position

    to apply these same skills to your own work.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    UNE. 2009. The literature review [Online]. University of New England. Available:

    http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php [Accessed 25 January 2010].

    http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.phphttp://link/Critical%20Thinking%20Skills%20Developing%20Effective%20Analysis%20and%20Argument.pdfhttp://link/Critical%20Thinking%20Skills%20Developing%20Effective%20Analysis%20and%20Argument.pdfhttp://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php
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    Systematic Review

    A systematic review is a literature reviewfocused on a research question that tries

    to identify, appraise, select and synthesize

    all high quality research evidence relevantto that question.

    Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review

    A Guide to Writing the DissertationLiterature Review -

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://link/Procedures%20for%20Performing.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_reviewhttp://pareonline.net/pdf/v14n13.pdfhttp://pareonline.net/pdf/v14n13.pdfhttp://e/Nader/Research%20Tools%20Workshop/Workshop/Literature%20Review%20Workshop/Presentation/Link/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Revi.pdfhttp://pareonline.net/pdf/v14n13.pdfhttp://pareonline.net/pdf/v14n13.pdfhttp://link/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Revi.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_reviewhttp://link/A%20Guide%20to%20Writing%20the%20Dissertation%20Literature%20Revi.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature_reviewhttp://link/Procedures%20for%20Performing.pdf
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    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Working with literature

    Working withWorking with

    LiteratureLiterature

    Find it!Find it! Manage it!Manage it! Use it!Use it! Review it!Review it!

    Knowing the

    literature types

    Reading

    efficiently

    Choosing your research

    topic

    Understanding the

    lit reviews purpose

    Using available resourcesKeeping track

    of referencesDeveloping your question

    Ensuring adequate

    coverage

    Honing your

    search skills

    Writing relevant

    annotations

    Arguing your

    rationale

    Informing your work with

    theory

    Designing

    method

    Writing

    purposefully

    Working on

    style and tone

    Source: O'Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage - Chapter Six

    http://www.uk.sagepub.com/resources/oleary/olearychapter06.ppt
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    Narrow the area of research

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    SMEs

    NPD

    Virtual Teams

    R&D

    R&D and NPD

    SMEs and Virtual Teams

    R&D and Distributed Teams

    SMEs and R&D

    Focus of the literature Review

    SMEs, Virtual R&D teams and NPD

    NPD and Virtuality

    NPD and SMEs

    Virtual R&D teams and SMEs

    Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009). Virtual R & D teams in small and medium enterprises: A literature

    review. [Review]. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(13), 15751590.

    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904
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    Selecting keywords

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    Improving Readership of Your Articles

    Appearing at the top of the list of search results, and having a

    useful description of your work, greatly improve the likelihood

    that a reader will find and download your document.

    Abstracts should include keywords that potential readers arelikely to use in searches. It is especially valuable to modify and

    reuse words that appear in the document's title and full text to

    improve the article's rank when readers search for those words.

    The first sentence of the abstract is all that is likely to bedisplayed in the search page results, so make your first sentence

    one that will encourage readers to click the link.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://www.bepress.com/increase_readership.htmlhttp://www.bepress.com/increase_readership.html
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    Keywords

    Selecting keywords lead to get more

    citation.

    Web of Science

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal
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    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    Google Wonder wheel

    Save time by exploring relevant results

    related to the original keyword you search

    for. Whether its for a research you aredoing, a term paper or just about anythingelse consuming your time, Google wonder

    wheel can tell you what you are missing or

    need to search and save you that preciousresearch time.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGxOPUNzBj4
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    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    WordTracker

    GTrends

    Enter a Seed Word to Mash Wordtracker

    with Google Trends and Evaluate up to

    100 Related Keywords.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ObzDelXV-0
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    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    KeyWords Plus

    Hi there! This issue, we are going to explain how KeyWords Plus

    broadens your search. KeyWords Plus is the result of our Thomson

    Reuters editorial expertise in Science.

    What our editors do is to review the titles of all references and

    highlight additional relevant but overlooked keywords that were notlisted by the author or publisher. With KeyWords Plus, you can now

    uncover more papers that may not have appeared in your search

    due to changes in scientific keywords over time.

    Thanks and keep your feedback and questions coming!

    Smiles,

    Lim Khee Hiang

    Ph.D., Principal Consultant

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://app.info.science.thomsonreuters.biz/e/er.aspx?s=1556&lid=1598&elq=9319ac408d47430bb51ef4247414385ahttp://app.info.science.thomsonreuters.biz/e/er.aspx?s=1556&lid=1598&elq=9319ac408d47430bb51ef4247414385ahttp://app.info.science.thomsonreuters.biz/e/er.aspx?s=1556&lid=1598&elq=9319ac408d47430bb51ef4247414385ahttp://app.info.science.thomsonreuters.biz/e/er.aspx?s=1556&lid=1598&elq=9319ac408d47430bb51ef4247414385ahttp://app.info.science.thomsonreuters.biz/e/er.aspx?s=1556&lid=1598&elq=9319ac408d47430bb51ef4247414385a
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    KeyWords Plus- Example

    New Product Development in VirtualEnvironment (ISI Indexed)

    Author Keywords: New product Development;

    Virtual teams; Concurrent Collaboration; Reviewpaper

    KeyWords Plus: DEVELOPMENT TEAMS;PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY;

    KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNICATION;

    PERSPECTIVE; INTEGRATION; INNOVATION;

    NETWORK; WORKING

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    Where to Find Research Literature

    ISI Web of Knowledge

    Research tools Mind Map (Refer to searchfor proper article section)

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://www.isiknowledge.com/http://www.isiknowledge.com/http://www.mindmeister.com/39583892/research-tools-by-nader-ale-ebrahimmindhttp://www.mindmeister.com/39583892/research-tools-by-nader-ale-ebrahimmindhttp://www.isiknowledge.com/http://www.isiknowledge.com/
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    The Institute for Scientific

    Information (ISI)

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    The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)

    The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was founded by EugeneGarfield in 1960. It was acquired by Thomson Scientific & Healthcare in

    1992, became known as Thomson ISI and now is part of the Healthcare &

    Science business of the multi-billion dollarThomson Reuters Corporation.

    ISI offered bibliographic database services. Its speciality: citation indexingand analysis, a field pioneered by Garfield. It maintains citation databases

    covering thousands ofacademic journals, including a continuation of its long

    time print-based indexing service the Science Citation Index (SCI), as well

    as the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and the Arts and Humanities

    Citation Index (AHCI). All of these are available via ISI's Web of Knowledge

    database service.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Garfieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Garfieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Scientific_&_Healthcarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliographic_databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Sciences_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_of_Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_of_Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Sciences_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Citation_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliographic_databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Reutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Scientific_&_Healthcarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Garfieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Garfield
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    The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)

    The ISI also publishes annual Journal Citation Reports which list an impactfactorfor each of the journals that it tracks. Within the scientific community,

    journal impact factors play a large but controversial role in determining the

    kudos attached to a scientist's published research record.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports
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    Web of Science Coverage Expansion

    by ThomsonReuters on 04-27-2010 01:42 PM

    In recent years, we have witnessed an explosion in the production and

    availability of scholarly research results. This growth is reflected in the

    gradual expansion of journal coverage in the Web of Science.

    Journal coverage in Web of Science consists of three major indexes,namely the (Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences

    Citation Index, and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index. In addition,

    the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (formerly ISI Proceedings)

    became an edition of Web of Science in October) 2008.

    In 2000 journal coverage in Web of Science totaled 8,684 titles. In 2005,

    Web of Science covered 9,467 journals, an increase of 9%. As of April 1,

    2010 11,519 journals are covered in Web of Science, and increase of

    22%.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://community.thomsonreuters.com/t5/user/viewprofilepage/user-id/769;jsessionid=6978E17A5548F76ABDE6D6D323D88384http://community.thomsonreuters.com/t5/user/viewprofilepage/user-id/769;jsessionid=6978E17A5548F76ABDE6D6D323D88384
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    h-index (Jorge E. Hirsch)

    A scientist has index h if h of [his/her]Nppapers have at least h citations each,

    and the other (Np h) papers have at most

    h citations each.

    H-index from a plot of decreasing citations for numbered papers

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_E._Hirschhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_E._Hirsch
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    The Many and Variable Uses of Publish or Perish

    (PoP)- By: Anne-Wil Harzing Your guide to effective and responsible citation analysis

    Academics that need to make their case for tenure or promotion will find PoP useful to

    create reference groups and show their citation record to its best advantage. When

    evaluating other academics, PoP can be used as a 5-minute preparation before

    meeting someone you dont know, to evaluate editorial board members orprospective PhD supervisors, to write up tributes (or laudations) and eulogies, to

    decide on publication awards and to pre-pare for a job interview. Deans and other

    academic administrators will find PoP useful to evaluate tenure or promotion cases ina fair and equitable way.

    PoP can also be used to assist when you are uncertain which journal to submit it

    to. You can use it to get ideas of the types of journals that publish articles on

    the topic you are writing on and to compare a set of journals in terms of their

    citation impact. Once you have decided on the target journal, it can also help

    you to double-check that you havent missed any prior work from the journal in

    question.

    PoP can help you to do a quick literature review to identify the most cited articles and/or

    scholars in a particular field. It can be used to identify whether any research has been

    done in a particular area at all (useful for grant applications) or to evaluate the

    development of the literature in a particular topic over time. Finally, PoP is very well

    suited for doing bibliometric research on both authors and journals.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    Impact Factor

    The most commonly used measure ofjournal quality is Impact Factor. This is a

    number which attempts to measure the

    impact of a journal in terms of its influenceon the academic community. Impact

    Factors are published by Thomson-ISI

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    Impact Factor-Journal Ranking

    Relative impact factors are often a better guide to theimportance of a journal than raw numbers. JCRallows you tocompare the impact factors of different journals in the samesubject area

    The Economic History Reviewhas an impact factor of 1.051.

    At first glance, it would appear that this journal is relativelyunimportant. In fact, it is arguably the premier English-language journal in its field (its major competitor, the JournalofEconomic History Review, has an even lower impact factor:a mere 0.529!). Far more illuminating is the journal's relativelyhigh impact factor compared to other journals in the history of

    the social sciences. Economic History Reviewranks first outof 15 journals in the Thomson-ISI's list of journals in this sub-discipline.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    Cites in 2008 toitems published in: 2007 = 144

    Number of itemspublished in: 2007 = 278

    2006 = 280 2006 = 270Sum: 424 Sum: 548

    Calculation: Cites to recent items 424 = 0.774Number of recent items 548

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCHImpact Factor in 2008

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    Impact

    Factor

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    Total Cites

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    Real Impact Factor

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Journal Self Cites (JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY- IF= 1009)

    Total Cites 4923

    Cites to Years Used in

    Impact Factor Calculation322

    Impact Factor 1.009

    Self Cites 457 (9% of 4923)

    Self Cites to Years Used

    in Impact Factor Calculation66 (20% of 322)

    Impact Factor without Self Cites 0.803

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    Number of references

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Journal Source Data (JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY- IF= 1009)

    Citable items

    Other itemsArticles Reviews Combined

    Number in JCR year 2009 (A) 176 6 182 32

    Number of references (B) 5200 839 6039 123.00

    Ratio (B/A) 29.5 139.8 33.2 3.8

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    Journal Source Data

    The Source Data Table shows the number of citable items in the JCR year.

    Citable items are further divided into articles (that is, research articles) and

    reviews.

    An item is classified as a review if it meets any of the following criteria:

    it cites more than 100 references

    it appears in a review publication or a review section of a journal

    the word revieworoverviewappears in its title

    the abstract states that it is a review or survey

    Other items include editorials, letters, news items, and meeting abstracts.

    These items are not counted in JCR calculations because they are not

    generally cited. Data in this column are available only in JCR 2003 andsubsequent years.

    The table also shows the number of references cited by the articles and

    reviews in the JCR year. The ratio of references to citable items indicates

    the average number of references cited by an article or review.

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

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    Cited Journal: JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Journals 1 - 20 (of 394) [ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 ] Page 1 of 20

    Impa

    ct Citing Journal

    Cited Year

    All

    Yrs200

    9200

    8200

    7200

    6200

    5200

    4200

    3200

    2200

    1200

    0 Rest

    All Journals492

    39

    110

    212

    274

    275

    281

    266

    286

    214

    186

    2810

    1.009 J OPER RES SOC 457 2 18 48 35 37 36 29 26 16 18 192

    EUR J OPER RES 436 0 7 23 34 23 26 30 34 16 18 225

    ALL OTHERS (354) 354 1 12 10 15 25 21 18 20 6 19 207

    COMPUT OPER RES 167 1 7 4 9 10 15 10 10 5 3 93

    INT SER OPER RESMAN

    157 0 0 2 3 5 6 8 8 3 14 108

    COMPUT IND ENG 144 2 2 6 8 11 7 7 12 9 0 80

    INT J PROD ECON 142 0 4 5 3 12 10 11 3 6 9 79

    EXPERT SYST APPL 130 1 1 2 10 14 10 17 8 9 4 54

    STUD COMP INTELL 102 0 0 5 4 9 14 4 4 10 2 50

    INT J ADV MANUFTECH

    93 0 0 4 6 6 5 2 5 4 1 60

    3.101OMEGA-INT JMANAGE S

    90 0 0 3 10 2 3 1 4 2 4 61

    INT J PROD RES 69 0 1 2 5 6 2 4 5 5 3 36

    OPERAT RES COMPSCI

    67 0 0 1 8 2 1 3 10 8 2 32

    LECT NOTESCOMPUT SC

    66 0 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 2 1 41

    INT J SYST SCI 62 0 1 0 0 3 1 3 4 1 1 48

    SPRING SER RELIAB

    EN53 0 0 1 4 2 2 6 0 4 2 32

    APPL MATH MODEL 52 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 5 4 0 39

    I C WIREL COMMNETW

    45 0 1 3 0 1 2 4 5 1 0 28

    ANN OPER RES 39 0 2 3 3 1 3 0 2 2 0 23

    CONTEMP SY

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    Citing Journal: JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Journals 1 - 20 (of 575) [1

    | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 ] Page 1 of 29

    Impa

    ct Cited Journal

    Cited Year

    All

    Yrs200

    9200

    8200

    7200

    6200

    5200

    4200

    3200

    2200

    1200

    0 Rest

    All Journals616

    219 134 297 392 327 396 315 303 312 270

    339

    7

    ALL OTHERS (1820)182

    07 43 80 134 100 120 106 89 96 79 966

    1.009 J OPER RES SOC 457 2 18 48 35 37 36 29 26 16 18 192

    EUR J OPER RES 444 5 22 39 22 16 36 29 35 27 14 199

    2.227 MANAGE SCI 185 0 3 1 1 6 4 4 0 7 2 157

    1.576 OPER RES 182 0 1 4 4 3 3 1 6 6 4 150

    COMPUT OPER RES 108 1 7 9 18 11 9 8 4 7 2 32

    LECT NOTES COMPUTSC

    66 0 0 6 4 7 4 10 5 15 4 11

    INT J PROD ECON 47 2 1 4 6 4 9 0 5 6 1 9

    OPER RES QUART 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45

    3.101OMEGA-INT J

    MANAGE S 44 0 3 3 5 2 2 2 1 1 2 23

    ANN OPER RES 43 0 2 2 3 3 4 0 3 1 1 24

    0.838 INTERFACES 41 0 0 0 3 3 0 1 3 1 1 29

    INT J PROD RES 39 0 1 3 4 3 1 7 2 2 1 15

    NAV RES LOG 38 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 0 1 3 26

    1.479 TRANSPORT SCI 38 0 2 1 1 3 1 2 0 1 2 25

    IIE TRANS 34 0 2 0 1 2 4 1 3 2 1 18

    MNGT SCI 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34

    0.806 J PROD ANAL 31 0 0 1 1 1 5 1 1 3 4 14

    3.099 J MARKETING RES

    31 0 0 0 2 3 4 0 1 2 1 18COMPUT IND ENG 27 0 0 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 13

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    Examples

    Example 1

    Example 2

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Search

    ResultSubjects

    Performance

    EffectsResearch Methodologies Source information

    http://link/4629-06-revised.pdfhttp://link/Aliteraturereviewandclassification.pdfhttp://link/Aliteraturereviewandclassification.pdfhttp://link/4629-06-revised.pdfhttp://link/Table%204.dochttp://link/Table%204.dochttp://link/Table%204.dochttp://link/Table%204.doc
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    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Result Effects

    E-collaboration

    Projectmanagement

    manufacturin

    desin

    rocurement

    lannin

    ualitcontrol

    oranization

    innovation

    rocess

    tool

    roductcom

    lexit

    involvementof

    artners

    teams

    tructure

    concurrenten

    ineerin

    sim

    lificationofstructur

    e

    Su

    lierinte

    ration

    TimeCom

    ressionTech

    nolo

    ies

    CADtechnolo

    settin

    buffers

    identifin

    criticalchain

    develo

    mentca

    acit

    techniues

    s

    eed

    Time

    Qualit

    variet

    other

    Simulation

    ProcessModel

    Theor-

    Buildin

    Framework

    Casestud

    smalln

    Em

    iricallaren

    Ex

    eriment

    www-based

    statistical

    rotot

    e

    creativesoftware

    References

    (Clift, T.B et al 1996)

    (Griffin, A 1997)

    (Carter, 1997)

    (Hartley, J.et al 1997)

    (Athakorn et al 2001)

    (Xie, S. Q. et al 2002)

    (Kusar, J. et al. 2004)

    (Petersen. et al 2005)

    (Tan, C.L. 2006)

    (Roberts. et al 2006)

    (Zhou, Z. et al 2008)

    (Bashir, H, et al 2008)

    (Ahlemann, F. 2009)

    (Selvaraj,P.et al 2009)

    (Xia-Bao. et al 2009)

    (Lifang W. et al 2009)

    (Vinodh, et al 2009)

    (Hebert et al 2010)

    (Roemer, T. et al 2010)

    MOHAMMADJAFARI, M., AHMED, S., DAWAL, S. Z. M. & ZAYANDEHROODI, H. 2011(Article in press). The Importance of Project Management in SMEs for the Development of New

    Products through E-Collaboration.African Journal of Business Management.

    http://link/Table%204.dochttp://link/Table%204.doc
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    FIXSON, S. 2007. Modularity and commonality research: past developments and future opportunities. Concurrent Engineering, 15, 85.

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    Thank you!

    Nader Ale Ebrahim

    Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture,

    Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,

    Malaysia

    Email: [email protected]

    2011 Nader Ale Ebrahim

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]
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    References

    1. Leary, Z. (2004) The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: Sage Chapter Six

    2. Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009). Virtual R & D teams in small and medium

    enterprises: A literature review. [Review]. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(13), 15751590.

    3. Randolph, Justus (2009). A Guide to Writing the Dissertation Literature Review. Practical

    Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 14(13).

    4. FIXSON, S. 2007. Modularity and commonality research: past developments and future

    opportunities. Concurrent Engineering, 15, 85.

    5. UNE. 2009. The literature review [Online]. University of New England. Available:

    http://www.une.edu.au/library/eskillsplus/literature/litreview.php [Accessed 25 January 2010].

    6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review

    7. MOHAMMADJAFARI, M., AHMED, S., DAWAL, S. Z. M. & ZAYANDEHROODI, H. 2011(Article

    in press). The Importance of Project Management in SMEs for the Development of New

    Products through E-Collaboration. African Journal of Business Management.

    8. Journal Citation Reports - Science - Thomson Reuters9. ISI Web of Knowledge

    http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_reviewhttp://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://www.isiknowledge.com/http://www.isiknowledge.com/http://www.isiknowledge.com/http://www.isiknowledge.com/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_reviewhttp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1530904