how to create a paradigm shift snider-pellegrini, 1858
TRANSCRIPT
How to Create aParadigm
Shift
Snider-Pellegrini, 1858
Alfred Wegener(1880-1930)
Continental Drift, 1912
Matthew Fontaine Maury, 1854
Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen, early 1950s
USS Nautilus
Paleomagnetism, late 1950s
Seismology, 1920s - 1930s
Seismology, early 1960sNuclear detonations since 1945
Plate Tectonics, late 1960s - early 1970s
ParadigmShift!!
TECTONIC PLATES
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
Rift Zone
Mid-Ocean Ridge
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYMid-Atlantic Ridge
D. Hardin
Krafla, 1980
Thingvellir
D. Hardin
Hekla, 2000
Eyjafjallajökull, 2010
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYMid-Atlantic Ridge
Iceland
Geysir(Strokkur)
Blue Lagoon
D. Hardin
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYContinent vs. Continent
Mt. Everest
D. Hardin
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYContinent vs. Continent
Himalayas
Mt. BlancEiger Monch Jungfrau
D. Hardin
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYContinent vs. Continent
Alps
D. Hardin
Subduction Zone
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYContinent vs. Oceanic crust
Accretion/CrumpleZone
Mt. St. Helens
Mt. Hood
Three Sisters
Mt. Shasta Crater Lake
D. Hardin
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYContinent vs. Oceanic crust
Cascade Range
Olympic Range Mt. RainierViews from Seattle
IMPORTANT TOREMEMBER!
Palouse biome
D. Hardin
Subduction Zone
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYOceanic vs. Oceanic crust
Japanese
Philippine
Indonesian
Aleutian
D. Hardin
Caribbean
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYOceanic vs. Oceanic crust
Island arcs
D. Hardin
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYOceanic vs. Oceanic crust
Island arcsJapan
D. Hardin
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY
D. Hardin
SanFrancisco
LosAngeles
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARYSan Andreas Fault
1974
1993Carrizo Plain
PacificPlate
NorthAmericanPlate
D. Hardin
PacificPlate
NorthAmericanPlate
Plate movem
ent
PacificPlate
NorthAmericanPlate
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARYSan Andreas Fault
D. Hardin
D. Hardin
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARYNorth Anatolian Fault
Izmit, Turkey earthquakeNovember 12, 1999
Magnitude 7.2
D. Hardin
TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARYNorth Anatolian Fault
D. Hardin
HOT SPOTHOT SPOT
Kauai
Oahu
Molokai
Maui
Hawaii
Loihiseamount
4.5-5.6 million YBP
3.0-4.0 million YBP
2.7-3.3 million YBP
2.2-2.5 million YBP
1.8 million YBP
1.2-1.3 million YBP
0.4-0.8 million YBP
0.2-0.7 million YBP
Plate movem
ent
Recentvolcanism
Activevolcano
N
D. Hardin
HOT SPOTHOT SPOTHawaiian Islands
D. Hardin
Previous map area
1,577 milesorFarmville, VA to Albuquerque, NM
Kure Atoll
Midway Atoll
28 million YBP
HOT SPOTHOT SPOTHawaiian Island Chain
HOT SPOTHOT SPOTYellowstone Caldera Chain
Idaho
Wyoming
UtahNevada
MontanaOregon Yellowstone geothermal features
Craters of the Moon
D. Hardin
Plate movement
D. Hardin
RIFT ZONEGreat Rift Valley
D. Hardin
RIFT ZONEGreat Rift ValleyHuman evolution
D. Hardin
D. Hardin
NEXT:AGENTS OF EROSION
D. Hardin