how to develop an oral presentation you have one chance to make a point
TRANSCRIPT
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How to develop an oral presentation
You have one chance to make a point.
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Reference
• http://www.kumc.edu/SAH/OTEd/jradel/effective.html
• “The standards for public speaking in science and academia are relatively low, so a good presentation often is memorable”.
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What is an oral presentation?
• It is a condensed version of the paper.• It is organized around one TOPIC. A
TOPIC is a clear statement of a problem.• It has logic (a string of topics), little text,
and clear graphics. • It tells a story with graphs, tables and
pictures.
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An oral presentation
• Follows the IMRAD convention:Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion
• Tells a story. Its characters act along string of topics linked together from beginning to end.
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Planning
• What is expected of the presentation?informal chat or formal presentationliterature survey or new information
• Who is the audience?experts in the field, technical publicor general public
• How much time?
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Preparation
• Use one clear statement of the problem, THE TOPIC, the one sentence that will catch the attention of the audience.
• Use the accepted structure: IMRAD • Organize your points from the most to the
least important. The retention of information by the audience gets smaller as you talk.
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Preparation
• Use short sentences with simple grammar.
• Outline the concepts briefly, clearly, and early in the talk. Assume that you have an unfamiliar audience.
• Only use the most important concepts. What visual aids go with them?
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Graphs, tables, figures
• Only use those that support your POINT.• Communicate relationships early.• Use simple two dimensional charts.• Minimize the text; use photos.
make them simple and clean.write explanations directly into the graphic.
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Four important design concepts
•BIG• Simple• Clear• Consistent
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BIG design
Expand the text until it occupies all the computer screen then stand 2 meters away from the screen. A person in the back of the audience can also read the text.
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Simple design
• Create new slides for the presentation. • Only use the concepts essential to the
TOPIC. • When you put up a new slide allow 5
seconds for the audience to absorb the information. Be quiet and then speak what the slide has to say. Be brief.
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Simple design
• Your TOPIC limits the text and restricts the contents of tables or graphs.
• Your TOPIC Includes only the information that supports it.
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Clear design
• The audience has to be able to read your visual in 5 seconds
• For the text:Choose a font SANSARIFSelect a size from 36-48 pointsUse a mixture of upper and lower caseUse 10% background color
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Consistent design
• Begin and end the presentation with an identical pair of slides that summarize the TOPIC.
At the beginning it is the outline.At the end it is your summary; you finished the story you promised to tell.
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The end
• The audience remembers little. Begin well … and end well;In between is forgotten.
• Prepare a great summary: The audience needs to remember the message from your TOPIC.
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Some practical elements
• Rate: About 100 words per minute. Use pauses, and repeat critical information.
• Opening: Immediately catch the audience’s interest and attention.
• Transitions: Make the relation between successive elements clear to the audience, lead them trough your talk.
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Some practical elements
• Conclusion: Summarize the main concepts. Signal that the summary is beginning ("In summary, ...”).
• Length: Don't run over! Ever! Shorten by removing detail.
• Questions: Always leave time for questions.
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Practice, practice, practice
• Practice: A minimum of 10 practice runs. How does the talk flow?
• Practice all parts. Practice starting from the beginning, the middle and the end.
• Your presentation is important, treat it that way.
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Presentation
• BEFORE you depart for the conference! • Is the software compatible with the
host’s?• Do you have all the files and resources? • Back-up your presentation with an
alternate medium, e-mail it to yourself, or e-mail it to your host for testing.
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Presentation
• Technology fails.The embarrassment is greater for the host. You impress the host when you have an alternate solution to the
problem. • Is there a sound system? How loud?• What will you do if you have no AV?
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The presentation
• Take several deep breaths as you are being introduced.
• Speak naturally at a moderate rate and use automatic, moderate gestures.
• Concentrate on the projection screen.
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The presentation
• Converse with your audience. Involve them with questions and making eye contact. If you ask a question wait for the answer.
• Keep an eye on your time. Don't run over your limit. Ever!
• Be prepared for interruptions.
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The presentation
• If you have to apologize, you did not do your job; don’t apologize.
• Give yourself and others credit for your own work. If you use borrowed slides give credit the people right on that slide.
• Don't criticize aspects of the trip, city, facilities, etc.
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Handling questions
• Include a Question & Answer slide (Q&A slide) at the end.–Keep it in the background as you answer
questions from the audience.– Select the TOPIC images from your slides, fit
them on the Q&A slide in view of the audience as the session goes on.
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Handling questions
• Repeat each question to the audience.• If you are unsure, say the question again
or ask: “Would you mind clarifying?”• Take a moment to reflect on the
question. • During the talk, answer questions
immediately if it clarifies a problem.
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Handling questions
• “I don’t know.” is an answer. Don't apologize. Ask for suggestions from the audience.
• Finish question by asking the person if the question was answered.
• Avoid prolonged discussions with one person. Settle it in a private discussion.
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An oral presentation
• Is a condensed version of the paper.• Is organized around one TOPIC – A clear
statement of a problem.• Has logic (a string of topics), little text,
and clear graphics. • It tells a story with graphs tables and
pictures.