how to give a presentation alex montgomery pol 373: global ecological politics 2007-04-17 not
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How to Give a Presentation
Alex MontgomeryPOL 373: Global Ecological
Politics2007-04-17
Not
Outline
I. Organizinga) The Outlineb) Information Flowc) Style Tips
II. Presenting: YourselfIII. PowerPoint: Your Worst Enemy
a) Things to Dob) Things to Avoid
IV. Summary
I.a) Organizing: The Outline
…should look something like this:I. Your Puzzle (+Your Answer)II. Current Perspectives (No Straw
Men)III. Theoretical Basis (assumptions,
actors, processes, structures, etc.)IV. EmpiricsV. Conclusions/Further
Research/Implications
I.b) Organizing: Information Flow•Assess audience knowledge•Introduce key concepts, terms
early on•Have additional slides ready (and
slides that can be cut)•Divide information between
slides & notes•Signpost throughout the talk
I.c) Organizing: Style Tips
•Outlines don’t have to be boring•Talks are not books: Repeat
yourself•Fit your organization to your
subject•Handouts?
II. Presenting: Yourself (1/2)
•First impressions are important•Speak clearly (“loosen tie; speak
up”)•Face Audience (+ make eye
contact)•Practice, practice, practice•Don’t read your talk•Sound interested•Slow down
II. Presenting: Yourself (2/2)
•Standing or Sitting?•Laser Pointers and Other Bad
Things•Covering up Your Slides•Have Something to Drink•Supporters in the Audience?•When to Take Questions
III.a) PowerPoint: Things to Do (1/2)•Have a backup•Do a test-run before the
presentation•Boot computer before
presentation•Bring your own cables
III.a) PowerPoint: Things to Do (2/2)•Full Sentences v. Fragments•One to Three points Per Slide•One to Three minutes Per Slide•Don’t Read off your Slides•Consistent Slide Design
III.b) PowerPoint: Things to Avoid•Miniscule Text•Annoying Animations•Ugly Themes•Irritating Backgrounds•Complicated Slides•Unclear Plots
Centrifuge Uranium Enrichment – the ‘Poor Man’ Approach to Obtaining Clandestine Fissile Uranium Supplies
• Centrifuge Uranium Enrichment – Uniquely Suitable to Obtaining Clandestine Supplies of Fissile Uranium by Industrializing Third World Nations, Since:- Centrifuges Demonstrate High Separation Factor per Machine. Thus Require Relatively Small Number of Centrifuges, & Stages in the Enrichment Cascade for a Given Plant Throughput- Centrifuges Require Low Energy Consumption per Machine. Thus No Need
to Dedicate a Large Electric Generating Plant to Supply Power to a Uranium Enrichment Plant
- Centrifuges Represent Medium Sophistication Technology, That Can be Implemented by Industrializing Third World Country
• Laser Uranium Enrichment Technology Achieves Higher Separation Factors per Machine, Relatively Low Electricity Consumption, However, It Represents High-Tech Venture, Beyond the Technical Capabilities of Most Industrializing Countries
• Magnetic Separation Technology Demonstrates Low Separation Factor per Machine, and High Energy Consumption Requirements, Thus Requiring Large Number of Separation Stages Operating Over a Longer Period, for a Given Production Level, and Increasing the Likelihood of Discovery. On The Other Hand, Magnetic Separation Represents a Low-Tech Option That Can be Mastered by Industrializing Third World Nations
III.b)PowerPoint: Things to Avoid•Miniscule Text•Annoying Animations•Ugly Themes•Irritating Backgrounds•Complicated Slides•Unclear Plots
III.b) PowerPoint: Things to Avoid
Miniscule Text
Annoying Animations
Ugly Themes
Irritating Backgrounds
Complicated Slides
Unclear Plots
III.b) PowerPoint: Things to Avoid•Miniscule Text•Annoying Animations•Ugly Themes•Irritating Backgrounds•Complicated Slides•Unclear Plots
Fig. 1.—Narrative analysis showing conditions for the state breakdown in France (all pagenumbers are from Skocpol [1979]):
1. Property relations prevent introduction of new agricultural techniques (p. 55)2. Tax system discourages agricultural innovation (p. 55)3. Sustained growth discourages agricultural innovation (p. 55)4. Backwardness of French agriculture (esp. vis-a` -vis England) (p. 56)5. Weak domestic market for industrial goods (pp. 55–56)6. Internal transportation problems (p. 56)7. Population growth (p. 56)8. Failure to achieve industrial breakthrough (p. 56)9. Failure to sustain economic growth (p. 56)10. Inability to successfully compete with England (p. 56)11. Initial military successes under Louis XIV (p. 54)12. Expansionist ambitions of state (p. 54)13. French geographical location vis-a` -vis England (p. 60)14. Sustained warfare (pp. 54, 60, 63)15. State needs to devote resources to both army and navy (p. 60)16. Repeated defeats in war (pp. 54, 60, 61, 63)17. Creation of absolutist monarchy; decentralized medieval institutions still persist (pp. 52–53)18. Dominant class often exempted from taxes (pp. 60–61)19. State faces obstacles generating loans (p. 61)20. Socially cohesive dominant class based in proprietary wealth (pp. 56–59; 61–62)21. Dominant class possesses legal right to delay royal legislation (p. 62)22. Dominant class exercises firm control over offices (pp. 61–62)23. Dominant class is capable of blocking state reforms (pp. 61–64)24. Dominant class resists financial reforms (p. 62)25. Major financial problems of state (p. 63)26. State attempts tax/financial reforms (p. 64)27. Financial reforms fail (pp. 63–65)28. Recruitment of military officers from privileged classes (p. 65)29. Military officers hold grievances against the crown (p. 65)30. Military officers identify with the dominant class (p. 65)31. Military is unwilling to repress dominant class resistance (pp. 64–65)32. Financial crisis deepens (p. 64)33. Pressures for creation of the Estates-General (p. 64)34. King summons the Estates-General (p. 64)35. Popular protests spread (p. 66)36. Conflict among dominant class members in the Estates-General; paralysis of old regime (p. 65)37. Municipal revolution; the old state collapses (pp. 66–67)
Process Tracing
MDS plot of IGO co-membership
Clustering by Structural Equivalence
108
Libya
Iran
Syria
1980–1993
1980–88
1980
North Korea
Egypt
1974–1981
1974
Iraq
197>–2001
197>
1984–2001
1984
1987–2002
1987
1988
1988
1991–2000
1991
199<–2000
199<
61994–9
1994
Pakistan
1996–2002
1996
2000
2000
1992–96
1992
Missile Network Structure
Iraq
1990
19901987
Iran
Pakistan
1987-1995
1997
North Korea
Libya1997–2002
1997–2001
199~
Syria199~
Nuclear Network Structure
Iran: Nuclear Buildup, 1960-20021960 1987 1990
2000
1991 19931985 19951984 19971975
20021999
IV.Summary
•Organize your thoughts•Practice personal presentation•PowerPoint is a means, not an
end