How to have global peace?

Can it be done?

Wilson’s vision is called the 14 Points

• It has 14 provisions• puts an end to alliances• freedom of the seas• self-determination-the

power to make decisions about ones future

• arms reductions...• not everyone accepted,

many changes had to be made

Fourteen PointsFourteen Points

The Paris Peace Conference

• January 1919• Wilson heads the

U.S. delegation

• “There must not be a balance of power, but a community of power; not organized rivalries, but an organized common peace.” --W. Wilson

What does everybody want?

• Wilson is not interested in spoils-rewards of war. He did not want territory from the losers

• Other allies do want German territory divided.

• Wilson finally agrees that allied powers can take over colonies.

Wilson sets up the League of Nations

• An organization in which the nations of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members.

What does our President have to do?

• He heads for home to convince Congress that the League of Nations is good

• He has convinced the allies that it is good.

Article 10

• The most important proposal for the League of Nations

• “An attack on one nation is an attack on all”

• Congress rejects

• Why?

This could bring us into more wars

• We don’t want to set up another web of alliances.

• That’s what got this war started to begin with.

• It would weaken our independence.

Versailles Treaty• Ended WWI• France wants harsh penalties on Germany• reparations-payment for economic injury. Germany

owes $33 million to the allies. Wilson feels it could lead to more wars.

• U.S. did not approve of because it included our commitment to the League of Nations. (“irreconcilable” senators)

• Wilson fights for ratification, but does not get it. He suffered a stroke in the process.

Little did we know. . .

• The seeds of WWII were in the peace treaty of WWI.

• None of the warring nations were fully satisfied with the peace treaty.

• Here are some of the objections:

France wants revenge!!!

• Most of the war was fought on French soil.

• They were denied a buffer state between France and Germany. (Rhineland)

Germany suffers the most in the peace treaty.

• They refuse to sign, but when the Allies threaten with invasion, they consent.

• They lose land to France and Poland.

• Forced to pay reparations of $33 million.

• Forced to hand over all war materials and limit army to 100,000 men

• they must surrender all large merchant ships

Austria-Hungary

• Shortly before the war ends, they separate into two different nations.

• There land is given to many different countries.• Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia are created• Austria-Hungary is forbidden to combine with

Germany• Limit of 30,000 men for Austria’s army• Limit of 35,000 men for Hungary’s army

What about Russia?

• Not in the treaty negotiations.

• Lost a lot of land.

• This land was divided between many countries

Meanwhile, back on our side of the world.

Post-War Adjustments

• U.S. is owed $11.5 billion• jobs are scarce-

especially for African-Americans

• there is no plan to merge troops back into society

• It will take our 2,000,000 American soldiers almost a year to get back home

• but our economy is up!

WWI FACTS TO KNOW

How BIG was this war?

• WWI was a war fought by 28 nations, and an estimated 65 million men, and was fought on 3 continents.

Casualties

• Allied Powers Central Powers

• military battle deaths 4,889,000 3,132,000• military wounded 12,809,000 8,420,000• totals 17,698,000

11,552,000

European nations created by WWI

Before and After

What new nations were formed as a result of WWI?

• Estonia• Latvia• Lithuania• Poland• Czechoslovakia• Yugoslavia

WWI Cause and Effects

• Causes• Imperialism• Nationalism• Militarism• Alliances• Assassination of

Archduke Ferdinand• Austria-Hungary

declares war on Serbia

• Effects• Map of Europe is

redrawn• League of Nations is

formed• U.S. economy is up• U.S. suffers post-war

disillusionment.

Why is our Economy up?

• Generating supplies for our troops generates money.

• This money goes into our workers wallets and our nations wallet.

We are almost done, and we have learned a lot!

These are the things you need to know.

And. . .

• Analyze how governments and other groups have used propaganda to influence public opinion and behavior.

• Describe the political, economic and social roots of imperialism.

• Analyze the perspectives of the colonies and the colonized concerning: language, natural resources, labor, political systems and religion.

And . . .

• Trace the development of the U.S. as a world power with emphasis on:

• a. The decision to enter WWI

• b. President Wilson’s 14 points

• c. Treaty of Versailles

• d. The decision of the U.S. not to participate in the League of Nations

Standards

• Analyze the causes and effects of WWI with emphasis on:

• a. Militarism, nationalism, imperialism and alliances. • b. The global scope, outcomes and human costs of the

war.• c. The role of new technologies and practices, including

the use of poison gas, trench warfare, machine guns, airplanes, submarines and tanks.

• d. The Treaty of Versailles and the League on Nations.

And. . .

• Analyze instances in which the rights of individuals were restricted including:

• a. Conscientious objectors in WWI.

You have almost graduated from WWI class.

• Make sure you study for this test.

• As you can see, there is a lot to know.

• And I am expecting you to know it!!!

Quiz time

• 5 questions

1.

• Payment from one nation to another for economic injury suffered during a war is called a _________________.

2.

• The worldwide organization aimed at ensuring security and peace was called the ________________________.

3.

• President Wilson’s program for peace was called _____________________. The allies accepted it the U.S. did not.

4.

• Why was post-war adjustments difficult for our soldiers coming back from the war?

5.

• The ____________ treaty was signed by European powers, thus ending WWI.

6.

• How did militarism bring Europe into World War I?

7.

• How did the alliance system bring Europe into World War I?

8.

• How did imperialism bring Europe into World War I?

9.

• How did nationalism bring Europe into World War I?

• Great Job!!!