Research and PublicationResearch and Publication

• “The world is just awesome” (Discovery)• “Question Everything” (Discovery Science)• "Dare to Explore". "Live Curious". "Think

again.“ (National Geographic)• “Big ideas are nothing unless they're shared”

(BBC Knowledge)

TitleTitle

• Should be informative it summarizes as specifically, accurately, and concisely as possible what the paper is about

• Should reflect the significance of the work • Include information about the research subject

matter and the contribution of the paper• Avoid the use of unnecessary words “A recent

study on” and “Notes on…” • One frequent mistake in the title is using

acronyms and initials

AbstractAbstract

• A brief summary of the research and its significance

• It is important because most readers will only read the abstract to determine its relevance to their research interests and to decide whether they need to explore the entire paper

• The abstract also plays an important role as “the first impression” to the editor and the reviewers. Thus, it deserves significant effort in polishing and editing.

AbstractAbstract

• A typical abstract should include:– Background, Aim, Purpose An introduction to the

research area and problem statement To determine, to examine, to describe, to review

– Setting* Where the research was held at– Materials and Methods The general research

procedures and methods utilized– Results A highlight of research findings and results – The expected significance in the field Conclusion

AbstractAbstract

• Avoid using words such as “for the first time”, “new” and “novel” in the abstract and the title because the research work may not be new; therefore, it should be not be submitted for publication

• Conclusion High magnitude• Use “may”, “maybe” and avoid “do”, “does”,

“is”, “are” in Conclusion

KeywordsKeywords

• 5 or 6 words• Allow others to see• Use the most “searchable” words

IntroductionIntroduction

• The highlight• Through the introduction, readers develop

impressions about: – Are you really an expert in the field and know

what you are doing/saying?– Do you know the mainstream, evolution, and

challenges of the research field?– Do you motivate yourself?

IntroductionIntroduction

• Specify the research area• The magnitude and importance of the study• The purpose and benefit of the study• The goal and contribution of the study• Review the relevant knowledge and give

credit to previous works• Point out the controversy or limitation in

previous studies

IntroductionIntroduction

• Implicit sentences of the hypothesis• The abbreviation

IntroductionIntroduction

• An impressive introduction, for example, can have the following strategy in writing:– There is a technological obstacle: the present

study is aimed to overcome the barrier– There is a phenomenon of fundamental interests:

the present study is to understand underlying mechanisms.

– There is a controversy in previous theories: the present study is aimed to prove or disapprove one such theory

Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

• Setting conducted• Design• Declare that all steps in the study ethically meet

Declaration of Helsinki and particular center ethical council

• Clinical grading, definition or criterion• Role, process and procedure of study Who and How• Specific material used What• Statistic analysis (test and software used) and

significance criterion

ResultsResults

• Determines the merit of the work• Presenting the data• Informative Tables• Informative Figures• Statistic analysis• Significance of analysis

FigureFigure

• Tell what the figure is about• Tell the highlight• Explain what the general observations are• Explain the significance by pointing out the

most important features in the figure• Helping the audience to understand the value

of the information

DiscussionDiscussion

• Explain the result in detail• Determines the “new founds” of the work

to Whom, Where, When, Why its and How its work, What its mean “Its should be…” or “its supposed to be…”

• It should flow smoothly by following the order of the tables and figures under statistical analysis

• Compared with previous studies

DiscussionDiscussion

• Be clear among common sense, clinical significance and statistical significance

• Limitation of the study*• Puts the results in the context of the

hypothesis in the Introduction• Explain What is really happen?• What is the suggestion

Words those widely used in discussionWords those widely used in discussion

• Particularly• Obviously• Numerous • Slightly • Consecutively• Respectively • Successively • Sequentially• In accordance • The concordance• Interpreted • Predominant • Exceed• Interestingly

Avoided wordsAvoided words

• Harmony• Awesome• Stunning• Magnificent• Wonderful• Beautiful• Majestic• Astonishing

• Great• Huge• Amazing• Marvelous• Fabulous• Gorgeous • Lovable• Adorable

Acknowledgments: ExampleAcknowledgments: Example

• The authors thank Prof Sjamsu Boediono MD, Andika Prahasta MD PhD, Anang Tribowo MD PhD, Apsari D Kusumastuti MD PhD, and Andrew P Watts MD PhD for their support and advice.

Disclosure: ExampleDisclosure: Example

• The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

References: Example References: Example

1. Pardianto G, Moeloek N, Reveny J, Wage S, Satari I, Sembiring R, Srisamran N (2013) Retinal thickness changes after phacoemulsification. Clin Ophthalmol 7:2207–2214

2. Pardianto G. 2014’s MataPedia. 1st ed. Medan: Perdana Publishing; 2014.

How to cite a source in the discussion is extremely

important to avoid plagiarism.

Remember

• Use proper and official English• Use (for example): Medical School or School

of Medicine

The manuscriptThe manuscript

• Submit your paper to any international accredited meeting

• Submit your paper to any PubMed, NLM and NIH indexed International Journal

• It is not just about your self actuality• It is not just for institution• It is about the idea and inspiration• Make your work matters • Make your own legacy• Make it everlasting

Last quotesLast quotes

• "I know that I know nothing“, or "I know one thing: that I know nothing“, or “Ipse se nihil scire id unum sciat”, or “Scio me nihil scire“, or “Scio me nescire“. (Socrates)

• “In the end only kindness matters”. (Jewel)

www.slideshare.net/pardiantowww.gedepardianto.blogspot.com

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