how we decide - situational awareness matters!™€¦ · how we decide brain wiring 101. a choice...
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Richard B. GasawayFire Chief (ret.)
Situational Awareness Matters!
How we decideBrain wiring 101.
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A choice made from at least two or more alternatives.
Sort of…
Definition of a decision:
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Automatic Decisions
Unconscious Decision Making
Effortful Decisions
Conscious Decision Making
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Fact
Education and training develops both
decision making abilities.
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Two types of memory
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Classroom Education
Cognitive Memory
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Muscle Memory
Hands-on Training
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Long Term Memory
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The capacity of long-term memory:
Fact
10 times all the information on the Internet.
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You can only consciously access:
Fact
5% of your long-term memory data base.
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Unconscious Decisions
ConsciousDecisions
“Automatic”
“Effortful”
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Can trigger the 6th sense.
Memory Recall
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IntuitionKnowing…
Without knowing…
How you know.
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How do we know…
If we don’t know…
How we know?
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Hair stands up on the back of your neck.
Voices in your head talk to you.
Impending feeling of doom.
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Gut Feeling
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Your Emotion-BasedRed Flag Warning System
Intuition
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How to improve:
Memory
Recall
Physical performance
Decision making
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Context-dependentDecision Making
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4
Inoculation
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Automatic actions:
Subconscious decision making.
Repetition programs the brain
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Performing UNDESIRABLE actions automatically:
Subconscious
decision making.
Repetition programs the brain
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You are a...
Stress can trigger automatic (subconscious) decision making.
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An example of how:
Training Routines
+ Stress+ Muscle Memory
Can trigger an automatic (subconscious) decision.
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!26
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Multi-Sensory Stimulation
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Learning from failure and consequence.
I’ve learned more from the mistakes I’ve made in life than
the things I’ve done right.
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Replicate the decision making of LODD events
in training exercises.
When an officer says:“This doesn’t feel right!”
You are developing intuition.
Their brain is learning what NOT to do.
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Decision MakingResearch ProjectI surveyed firefighters and fire officers about their situational awareness and
decision making training.
The results were very telling.
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!31
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What % of the respondents had received more
than 2 hours of situational awareness training
in their tenure on the fire department?
5%
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!33
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Patient Assessment Decisions
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SceneSafe.
BSI.(BodySubstanceIsolation)
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What % of EMTs were taught to say “Scene Safe” prior to beginning their
patient assessment?
98%
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What % of EMTs have practiced how to make sure
a scene is safe prior to starting a patient assessment?
7%Most were police officers or had a police officer
on their department who taught this.
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and do nothing but watch…
If you arrived at a structure fire
You will likely observe 2 things:
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SituationalAwarenessMatters!www.SAMatters.com
Flashover
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SituationalAwarenessMatters!www.SAMatters.com
Collapse
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Every building on fire should be assessed for the potential to flashover and/or collapse
as part of an officer’s“Go” or “No Go”
decision making process.
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Concerns for flashover should be on every crew member’s
mind as part of the “Go” or “No Go”
decision making process at every structure fire.
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What % of officers admitted having thoughts or concerns
about flashover prior to making a decision to enter
a pre-fabricated burn building?
Does not include training in a flashover simulator.
3%
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The thought of a collapse occurring should be on
every crew member’s mind as part of their
“Go” or “No Go” decision making at
every structure fire.
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What % of officers admitted having thoughts or concerns
about collapse prior to making a decision to enter
a pre-fabricated burn building?
9%5% of the concerns were based on the
deteriorated condition of the burn building.
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Thoughts & concerns about flashover and collapse…
Should be part of the decision making script programmed into the
mind of the firefighters during training.
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Size-up
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[barring obstructions]
A 360 size-up should be completed prior to making
a decision to enter a structure on fire.
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What % of officers playing therole of first-arriving admitted
to completing a 360 size-up for
EVERY evolution at a pre-fabricated burn building?
11%
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What % of officers playing therole of first-arriving admitted
to completing a 360 size-up on EVERY
evolution when using the fire station for evolutions?
< 1%
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Hose lineselection
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The decision for hose line selection should be made
after completing an assessment of fire conditions.
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What % of fire officers admitted that during live burn
evolutions the hose line selection was made prior to the start of
the training evolution?
96%
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What % of fire officers admitted that prior to live burn evolutions starting the attack
lines were already laid out on the ground?
(Pulling the line was not part of the evolution)
94%
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SituationalAwarenessMatters!www.SAMatters.com
Go or No Go
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“No go” should always be an tactical
decision option.
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What % of fire officers admitted that during live burn
evolutions they practiced No-Go decision making?
<1%Not just discussed no-go. But actually did not
make entry into the burn building.
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What % of fire officers admitted the decision to “go” was a given
(no-go was never considered)?
99%Including the “go” decision being made by the
instructor (not the company officer).
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Training the process of decision making
Using the Socratic Method of Teaching
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!60
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Tactical decisions should be based on quantity and quality
of staffing.
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SituationalAwarenessMatters!www.SAMatters.com
Staffing during live burn scenarios.
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What % of fire officers admitted the size of the crews during training was based on
how many were available at the training session, not the realistic
numbers at emergency responses?
81%
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The number of firefighters assigned to a task during training should match the
number of firefighters who will be performing the task at real incidents.
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Ventilation
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!66
Is this a learned behavior?
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!67
Vertical ventilation prop
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What % of firefightersadmitted to practicing
vertical ventilation on a prop while not wearing full turnout gear and an SCBA?
86%
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What % of firefightersadmitted to making a no-go
decision while practicing vertical ventilation on a prop?
0%Not just discussed no-go.
But actually did not go on the roof prop.
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!70
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While on a roof a crew should
“sound the roof” to ensure structural integrity.
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What % of firefightersadmitted to learning how to
“sound the roof” as part of their basic firefighter training?
100%
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!73
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Fire conditions and building construction
should be assessed as part of the decision to go (or not-go)
to the roof.
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What % of firefightersadmitted to assessing building
construction and fire conditions as part of their go or not-go to
the roof decision while using a roof prop?
0%
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!76
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How do we explain this?
RoboticAction?Bravado?
Culture?
FollowingOrders?
Complacency?
Habits?
DecisionMakingTraining?Orlackof
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!78
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“Engine 2 is at the front door, we have heavy, thick, black,
hot smoke banked all the way down to the floor with zero visibility.”
IsthisGo?OrNoGo?
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SituationalAwarenessMatters!www.SAMatters.com
Blind search
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What % of firefightersadmitted to participating in blind-search drills as part of their training regimen.
100%
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What % of firefightersadmitted to practicing
no-go decisionsduring blinded evolutions?
< 1%
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What % of firefightersadmitted they have practiced how to make a decision to
abandon a search and leave the victim behind because conditions
were rapidly deteriorating?
< 1%
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Is it possible to teach responders how to be better decision makers?
YES!
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Every hands-on training evolution should teaching
and practicing:
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Cognitive (thinking skills)
and
Kinesthetic (movement skills)
and
Decision making skills.
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Step 1: Size-up
Step 2: Think
Step 3: Decide
Step 4: Predict
Step 5: Act
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22828
samatters
Handout
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Helping you see the bad things coming... in time to avoid bad outcomes.
Dr. Richard B. GasawaySAMatters.com