LEARNINGHow we learn

Associative and Social

HOW WE LEARN Associative

LearningClassical – Learn

associations between 2 different stimuli

Operant – Learning associations between behaviors and consequences

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Neutral Stimulus

(NS)

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Unconditioned response (UR)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Conditioned Response (CR)

Bell Will not make a dog

salivate alone Food

Salivation

Bell Associated with food,

now makes dog salivate

Salivation

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Stimuli triggers

an involuntary BIOLOGICAL response

What are some example you came up with??

Write down the US, UR, CS and CR for this story.

A man falls in love with a woman. She begins always wearing a vanilla scented perfume. Every time he is around her, he becomes overwhelmed with feelings of attraction and love. After a couple of years, the two break up. Now, every time the man smells vanilla, he becomes amorous.

LEARNING How is this

learning?

Example:Video

 Psychologists refer to learning as a “relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience”

Learning by association

Extinction unlearning response to

stimulus

Generalization attaching a learned

response to a similar stimuli

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Another way that we LEARN!!

OPERANT CONDITIONING Learning that involves a system of

rewards and punishments for behavior.Where have you heard these terms before…

a paradigm maybe?? Based off of a system of reinforcements

and PunishmentsReinforcements: Positive and NegativeThe stimulus follows a behavior, increasing

the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

REINFORCEMENT Positive

Receiving a reward for behavior

Learn to associate behavior with rewards

Video

Negativeremoval or

prevention of an unfavorable event or outcome after the display of a behavior

Do not confuse with punishment!!

What are some examples of this?

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT Walking with a

stone in your shoe…causes you pain…removing the stone, relieves the pain.

Putting on sunscreen before going to the beach.

Escape conditioning

Avoidance conditioning

SOCIAL LEARNING The idea that people can

learn through observation in a social context.

Internal mental states are an essential part of this process.

Recognizes that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior.

Bobo doll experiment

Internal rewards, such as pride and feelings of accomplishment

We are able to learn new behavior without demonstrating new behavior.

SOCIAL LEARNING Modeling

Not all behaviors are effectively learned Steps must be followed in order to learn

Attention – you must first pay attention!!

Retention – You must be able to retain the information! Be able to store the info and pull it out later.

Reproduction - Once info is retained, then you can begin to perform the behavior…and “practice makes perfect”

Motivation – You must find the desire to retain and reproduce behavior. Rewards and Punishments help with motivation!

SOCIAL LEARNING Observational Learning

Watching someone and being able to imitate it Disinhibition

Watching bad behavior go unpunished increases chances of engaging in that behavior

What are some examples of social learning?Commercials!Clapping when everyone else does.Looking up at a building if others are.

You can experiment with this concept to see if it works!

LAST MINUTE ITEMS… Punishments must be severe,

immediate and consistent—if not, behavior hardly changesProduce unwanted side effects (aggression,

depression)Learned avoidance—stay away from

punisher

Video game violenceThink of what stages children (and some

adults with developmental disabilities or psychological disorders) are in cognitively and morally. Does this affect influence of game??