how we live… changes in technology since 1960 types of technological change examples of...
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How We Live…
Changes in Technology since 1960
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Types of Technological Change
• Examples of Improvements in Existing Technologies– Black & White TV to Color TV– Faster, more efficient, safer cars; better roads
(completion of Interstate Highway System)
• New Products:– Microwave oven; Walkman; VCR, DVD
player; cell phone; microcomputer; jet plane; xerox machine
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Types of Technological Change
• Which may also be innovations made by combinations of new and existing technologies:– Air conditioning– Cable TV– Cell phones– …..
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Locus of Change
• Business and Industry– Computers– Xerox Machines– Air Travel– Air conditioning
• Home and Consumer products– Microwave oven, cell phone, microcomputer,
VCR, Walkman, air conditioning
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International Jet Air Travel
• International Commercial Jet Travel, 1956-59
• Pan Am to London; British Air; Aeroflot
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Domestic Jet Air Travel
• Soon followed by domestic intercontinental air travel (1959)
• Deregulated, 1978; prices drop 10-20%
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Plain Paper Copier, 1959: Xerox 914
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Cellular Phones
• 1983 to 2006
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Microwave Oven: 1970s
• Along with the dishwasher and clothes drier, a new addition to the American home of the 1970s
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Air Conditioning: Heating to HVAC
1970s room air conditioner Central air conditioner unit
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Entertainment Innovations: Analog
1979 Walkman1970s Video Cassette Recorder
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Digital Computers
• Eniac (WWII) to UNIVAC (1950)
UNIVAC
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More UNIVAC
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Processing the 1950 Census: UNIVAC
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ILLIAC: U. of Ill. Computer
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IBM Mainframe, 1960s-1970s
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Keypunch Machine
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Altair Personal Computer
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Apple II
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Kaypro: Early 1980s PC
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IBM Personal Computer
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The PC developed…
• Apple Macintosh and the Mouse and GUI: Graphical User Interface
• IBM contracted with Bill Gates to program DOS for the IBC PC, and then Windows for the IBM PC
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The Internet
• 1950s-1960s: National Science Foundation and Defense Department created ARPA, Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA for scientists to share information and research
• 1980s: DARPANET expanded
• 1980s: proposals for new interface
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The World Wide Web: early 1990s
• A new conception of distributed computing• Chips get faster• Networks develop• The GUI becomes standard• Intensification of Digital Information
Systems to image, video, audio, and the creation of content for the Web
• Yahoo, Google and organizing the web
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Implications of Change
• Lessened the natural advantages of old industrial centers of the US: air conditioning; air travel
• Intensified the networking of the home and reliance on electricity grid
• Intensified the importance of energy networking of the home; and oil and gas dependence
• Strengthened the shift in work from blue collar to white collar (Improved women’s work prospects?)
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Implications….
• Redefined “entertainment”
• Intensified “globalization” of communication and industry