hp education services education.hp.com 67 cpu management version b.02 h4262s module 5 slides

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CPU Management

Version B.02H4262S Module 5 Slides

2 © 2001 Hewlett-Packard Company

H4262S B.02

Processor Module

CPU

TLB Cache Coprocessor

System Bus


H4262S B.02

Symmetric Multiprocessing

CPU


CPU


System Bus


H4262S B.02

CPU Processor

CPU


ShadowRegisters

SpaceRegisters

GeneralRegisters

ControlRegisters

Process Status Word

InstructionAddress Queues

Special FunctionUnitRegisters

CoprocessorRegisters


H4262S B.02

CPU Cache

CPU


System Bus

Memory

ProcessText

xxxx

Instructionto Execute

xxxx


H4262S B.02

TLB Cache

CPU


System Bus

Memory

ProcessText

xxxx

Instructionto Execute

xxxxVA | PA

0...4GB

InstructionAddress Queues

VA\PA


H4262S B.02

TLB, Cache, and Memory

TLB

Hit

Hit

Miss

Miss

Cache

Hit

Miss

X

X

Memory

Hit

Hit

Hit

Miss

Consequence

1 CPU cycle fetch

Data/instructionmemory fetch

PDIR memory fetch

Page fault

X = Don’t Care


H4262S B.02

HP-UX 11.00 — Performance Optimized Page Sizes (POPS)

Filesystem

File

Filesystem

FileMemory

MemoryTLB (on CPU)

TLB (on CPU)

0 819216384 512000

VA PA

0 8192 4096 65536 8192 12800012288 25600016384 512000

VA PA

VA 0 4096 81921228816384

VA 0

16384

0

8192

65536

128000

256000

512000

0

8192

512000

HP-UX 10.x

Fixed PageSize – 4 KB

HP-UX 11.00

Variable PageSize Range: 4 KB – 64 MB


H4262S B.02

CPU — Metrics to Monitor Systemwide

• User CPU utilization

• System CPU utilization

• Idle CPU utilization

• Nice utilization

• System call rate

• Context switch rate

• Real time processes

• CPU run queues (load averages)


H4262S B.02

CPU — Metrics to Monitor per Process

• Process priority

• Process nice value

• Amount of CPU user time

• Amount of CPU system time


H4262S B.02

Activities that Utilize the CPU

• Process management

• File system I/O

• Memory management activities

• System calls

• Applications (for example, CAD-CAM and database

processes)

• Batch jobs


H4262S B.02

glance — CPU Report

B3692A GlancePlus B.10.12 05:00:42 e2403roc 9000/856 Current Avg High--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU Util S SU U | 25% 20% 47%Disk Util F FV | 12% 6% 23%Mem Util S SU UB B | 85% 83% 85%Swap Util U UR R | 18% 18% 18%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CPU REPORT Users= 4State Current Average High Time Cum Time--------------------------------------------------------------------------------User 18.9 6.0 32.3 0.96 3.61Nice 0.0 2.4 5.7 0.00 1.47Negative Nice 0.4 0.8 16.2 0.02 0.51RealTime 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.02 0.22System 3.3 7.0 16.2 0.17 4.21Interrupt 1.8 1.7 2.7 0.09 1.02ContextSwitch 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.03 0.40Traps 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00Vfaults 0.0 0.7 3.6 0.00 0.45Idle 74.6 80.2 91.2 3.79 48.18Load Average 0.1 0.4 0.8

Top CPU user: PID 2097, dthelpview 19.5% cpu util


H4262S B.02

glance — CPU by Processor

B3692A GlancePlus B.10.12 05:13:18 e2403roc 9000/856 Current Avg High--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU Util S SU U | 25% 20% 47%Disk Util F FV | 12% 6% 23%Mem Util S SU UB B | 85% 83% 85%Swap Util U UR R | 18% 18% 18%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CPU BY PROCESSOR Users= 4CPU Util LoadAvg(1/5/15 min) CSwitch Last Pid-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 25.4 0.6/ 0.4/ 0.3 72187 1061

Page 1 of 2


H4262S B.02

glance — Individual Process

B3692A GlancePlus B.10.12 15:17:52 e2403roc 9000/856 Current Avg High--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU Util S SN NU | 22% 29% 51%Disk Util F | 1% 7% 13%Mem Util S SU UB B | 91% 91% 91%Swap Util U UR R | 25% 24% 35%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Resource Usage for PID: 16013, netscape PPID: 12988 euid: 520 User:sohrab--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU Usage (sec) : 3.38 Log Reads : 166 Rem Log Rds/Wts: 0/ 0User/Nice/RT CPU: 2.43 Log Writes: 75 Rem Phy Rds/Wts: 0/ 0System CPU : 0.73 Phy Reads : 4Interrupt CPU : 0.14 Phy Writes: 61 Total RSS/VSS : 22.4mb/ 28.3mbCont Switch CPU : 0.08 FS Reads : 4 Traps / Vfaults: 414/ 8Scheduler : HPUX FS Writes : 29 Faults Mem/Disk: 0/ 0Priority : 154 VM Reads : 0 Deactivations : 0Nice Value : 24 VM Writes : 0 Forks & Vforks : 0Dispatches : 1307 Sys Reads : 0 Signals Recd : 339Forced CSwitch : 460 Sys Writes: 32 Mesg Sent/Recd : 775/ 1358VoluntaryCSwitch: 814 Raw Reads : 0 Other Log Rd/Wt: 3924/ 957Running CPU : 0 Raw Writes: 0 Other Phy Rd/Wt: 0/ 0CPU Switches : 0 Bytes Xfer: 410kb Proc Start TimeWait Reason : SLEEP Fri Feb 6 15:14:45 1998


H4262S B.02

glance — Global System CallsB3692A GlancePlus B.10.12 05:17:52 e2403roc 9000/856 Current Avg High--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU Util S SU U | 25% 20% 47%Disk Util F FV | 12% 6% 23%Mem Util S SU UB B | 85% 83% 85%Swap Util U UR R | 18% 18% 18%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GLOBAL SYSTEM CALLS Users= 4System Call Name ID Count Rate CPU Time Cum Ct CumRate Cum CPU--------------------------------------------------------------------------------syscall-0 0 16 3.1 0.05921 663 7.6 2.19037fork 2 0 0.0 0.00000 12 0.1 0.01398read 3 105 20.5 0.00210 4110 47.2 0.07625write 4 47 9.2 0.00208 1968 22.6 0.13624open 5 16 3.1 0.00143 347 3.9 0.03146close 6 16 3.1 0.00040 381 4.3 0.00848wait 7 1 0.1 0.00011 3 0.0 0.00031time 13 46 9.0 0.00023 914 10.5 0.00446chmod 15 0 0.0 0.00000 1 0.0 0.00009ioctl 54 503 57.8 0.00900 51644 165.1 0.79813poll 269 277 48.5 0.00983 52440 138.0 1.83466

Cumulative Interval: 87 secs Page 1 of 7


H4262S B.02

glance — System Calls by Process

B3692A GlancePlus B.10.12 05:39:20 e2403roc 9000/856 Current Avg High--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CPU Util S SN NU | 22% 29% 51%Disk Util F | 1% 7% 13%Mem Util S SU UB B | 91% 91% 91%Swap Util U UR R | 25% 24% 35%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------System Calls for PID: 1822, netscape PPID: 1775 euid: 503 User:roc Elapsed ElapsedSystem Call Name ID Count Rate Time Cum Ct CumRate CumTime--------------------------------------------------------------------------------read 3 477 93.5 0.16884 742 49.1 0.24275write 4 219 42.9 0.02831 352 23.3 0.06787open 5 63 12.3 0.01396 99 6.5 0.02491close 6 9 1.7 0.00046 20 1.3 0.00104time 13 34 6.6 0.00031 89 5.8 0.00083brk 17 27 5.2 0.00171 45 2.9 0.00264lseek 19 69 13.5 0.00150 135 8.9 0.00304stat 38 4 0.7 0.00131 13 0.8 0.00415ioctl 54 636 124.7 0.01463 1167 77.2 0.02813utssys 57 0 0.0 0.00000 3 0.1 0.00013

Cumulative Interval: 15 secs Page 1 of 3


H4262S B.02

timex Command

$ timex prime_med

real 25.65user 20.71sys 3.43


H4262S B.02

Tuning a CPU-Bound System — Hardware Solutions

• Upgrade to a faster processor

• Upgrade the system with a larger data/instruction cache

• Add a processor to a multiprocessor system

• Spread applications to multiple systems


H4262S B.02

Tuning a CPU-Bound System — Software Solutions

• Nice less important processes

• Anti-nice important processes

• Consider using rtprio or rtsched on important

processes

• Run batch jobs during non-peak hours

• Consider using PRM or WLM

• Consider using the processor affinity call mpctl()

• Optimize/recompile application


H4262S B.02

CPU


CPU


System Bus

Memory

Process

mpctl (proc2)

Processor 1 Processor 2

Is each processor pulling its weight?

The sar -uqM command string can help you monitor the CPUloading on the individual processors in a MP system.

CPU Utilization and MP Systems


H4262S B.02

Processor Affinity

CPU


CPU


System Bus

Memory

Process

mpctl (proc2)

Processor 1 Processor 2

The mpctl() system call assigns the calling process to a specific processor.

hp education services education.hp.com 67 cpu management version b.02 h4262s module 5 slides

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