hplc trouble shotting
DESCRIPTION
Manish Kumar Mangalayatan universityTRANSCRIPT
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HPLC TROUBLESHOOTING
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There are five major of symptoms to help you quickly identify the source of the problem(s): I. Pressure abnormalitiesII. LeaksIII. Problems with the chromatogramIV. Injector problemsV. Other problems detected by the senses of smell,
sight, and sound
When you have corrected the problem, record the incident in the system record book to help with future problems.
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HPLC - Modes
• Normal Phase.- Polar stationary phase and non-polar solvent.
• Reverse Phase. - Non-polar stationary phase and a polar solvent.
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WHOLE APPARTUS LOOKS LIKE
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I- Abnormal Pressure
Causes SolutionsPower off Turn on powerFuse blown Replace fuseBroken piston Replace pistonAir trapped in pump head Purging & Degas solventsInsufficient mobile phase Replenish reservoirFaulty check valve(s) Replace check valve(s)Major leak Tighten or replace fittings
Problem-1: No pressure reading, no flow
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Problem-2: No pressure reading, flow is normal
Causes Solutions
Faulty meter Replace meter
Faulty pressure transducer Replace transducer
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Problem-3: Steady, high pressureCauses Solutions
Flow rate set too high Adjust setting
Blocked column frit Replace fritReplace column
Improper mobile phase Use correct mobile phase
Improper column Use proper column
Injector blockage Clear blockage or replace injector
Column temperature too low Raise temperature
Blocked guard column Remove/replace guard column
Blocked in-line filter Remove/replace in-line filter
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Problem-4: Steady, low pressure
Causes Solutions
Flow set too low Adjust flow rate
Leak in system Locate and correct
Improper column Use proper column
Column temperature too high
Lower temperature
Controller malfunction Repair or replace controller
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Problem-3: Pressure cycling
Causes Solutions
Air in pump Degas solvent
Pump seal failure Replace pump seal
Insufficient degassing Degas solvent
Leak in system Locate and correct
Faulty check valve(s) Replace check valve(s)
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II- Leaks
Causes Solutions
Loose fitting Tighten
Over tightened* fitting Replace
Stripped fitting Loosen and retightenReplace
Dirty fitting Disassemble and cleanReplace
Problem-1: Leaky fittings
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Problem-2: Leaks at pump
Causes SolutionsLoose fittings Tighten fittings (do not over
tighten)
Loose Purge valve Tighten valveReplace purge valve
Pump seal failure Repair or replace
Mixer seal failure Repair or replace
Pressure transducer failure Repair or replace
Pulse damper failure Repair or replace
Loose check valves Tighten check valve (do not over tighten)Replace check valve
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Problem-3: Injector leaks
Causes Solutions
Improper syringe-needle diameter
Use correct syringe
Loose injection-port seal Adjust
Blocked loop Replace loop
Waste-line blockage Replace waste line
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Problem-4: Column leaks
Causes Solutions
Loose end-fitting Tighten end-fitting
Column packing in ferrule Disassemble, rinse ferrule,reassemble
Improper frit thickness Use proper frit
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Problem-4: Detector leaks
Causes Solutions
Blocked waste line Rebuild or replace
Leaky fittings Tighten or replace
Cell gasket failure Replace gasket
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Problem-1: Peak tailing
III- Problems with the Chromatogram
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Peak tailing
Causes Solutions
Blocked frit Replace inlet fritReplace column
Column void Fill void
Wrong mobile phase pH Adjust pH
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Problem-2: Peak fronting
Causes Solutions
Low temperature Increase column temperature
Sample overload Decrease sample concentration
Wrong sample solvent Use mobile phase forinjection solvent
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Problem-3: Split peaks
Causes Solution
Contamination on guard andanalytical column inlet.
Remove guard column and replace if necessary. If analytical column is obstructed, Change frit or replace column.
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Problem-3: Baseline Drift
Causes Solutions
Column temperature fluctuation. Control column and mobile phase temperature
Non-homogenous mobile phase. Use HPLC grade solvents, high purity salts, and additives. Degas mobile phase before use.
Contaminant or air build-up in the detector
Flush detector with methanol or other strong solvent. If necessary, clean cell with 1N HNO3 (never with HCI.)
Mobile phase mixing problem orchange in flow rate
Correct composition / flow rate
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Problem-4: Baseline noise (regular)
Causes Solutions
Air in mobile phase, detector cellor pump
Degas mobile phase. Flush system to remove air from detector cell or pump
Leak Check system for loose fittings. Change pump seals if necessary
Incomplete mobile phase mixing Mix mobile phase by hand or useless viscous solvent.
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Problem-5: Baseline Noise (irregular)
Causes Solutions
Leak Check system for loose fittings. Change pump seals if necessary
Air trapped in system. Flush system with strong solvent.
Air bubbles in detector Purge detector
Weak detector lamp. Replace lamp.
Column leaking silica or packingmaterial
Replace column and clean system.
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Problem-6: broad peak
Causes Solutions
Mobile phase flow rate too low Adjust flow rate
Mobile phase composition changed. Prepare new mobile phase.
Leak Check system for loose fittings. Change pump seals if necessary.
Detector settings incorrect. Adjust settings.
Guard column contaminated /worn out. Replace guard column
Column contaminated/worn out Replace column with new one ofsame type.
Column temperature too low Increase temperature. Do notexceed 75 °C.
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Problem-7: loss of Resolution
Causes Solutions
Mobile phase contaminated /deteriorated
Prepare new mobile phase
Obstructed guard or andanalytical column
Remove guard column , Replace if necessary. If analytical column is obstructed, Change frit or replace column.
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IV- Injector problems
Causes Solutions
Damaged rotor seal Rebuild or replace valve
Rotor too tight Adjust rotor tension
Problem-1: Manual injector, hard to turn
Causes Solutions
Valve misaligned Adjust alignment
Blocked loop Replace loop
Dirty syringe Clean or replace syringe
Blocked lines Clear or replace lines
Problem-2: Manual injector, hard to load
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V- Other problems: Detected by the senses of smell, sight, and sound
Causes Solutions
Leak Check system for loose fittings. Change pump seals if necessary.
Problem-1: smell
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Causes SolutionsDetector lamp failing Replace lampPressure abnormality Control Pressure
Problem-2: Abnormal meter readings
Problem-3: Warning lamps
Causes Solutions
Pressure limit exceeded Check for blockage
Other warning lamps See service manual
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Causes Solutions
Solvent leak Locate and correct
Other warning buzzers See service manual
Problem-4: Warning buzzers
Problem-5: Squeaks and squeals
Causes Solutions
Poor lubrication Lubricate as necessary
Bearing failure See service manual
Mechanical wear See service manual
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THANK YOU
Manish Kumar (M.Pharm. Pharmacology)