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DRAFT EIA/EMP REPORT

Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

JULY 2013

Submitted by:

M/s Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited

Joginder Nagar, District-Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

EIA Consultant:

EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. INDIA

304-305, 3rd Floor, Plot No. 16, Rishabh Corporate Tower,

Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi – 110092

Phone: 011-30003200, 30003219; Fax: 011-22374775

Website: www.eqmsindia.com ; E-mail – [email protected]

http://www.eqmsindia.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 Ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,

Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

EQMS INDIA PVT. LTD. 2

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Preamble ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.2. Purpose of the Report ......................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Identification of Project & Project Proponent ....................................................................... 7 1.4. Brief description of nature, size and location of the project ................................................. 8 1.5. Salient Features of the Project .......................................................................................... 13 1.6. Need for the project and its importance to the country or region ....................................... 14 1.7. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework .................................................................... 14 1.8. Scoping Of the Project ...................................................................................................... 16 1.9. Environmental Framework of the State ............................................................................. 17 1.10. Himachal Pradesh State Forest Policy .............................................................................. 18 1.11. HP State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB) .................................................................... 18 1.12. Public Hearing .................................................................................................................. 19 1.13. Compliance of ToR ........................................................................................................... 19

Chapter 2. : PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 24 2.1. General............................................................................................................................. 24 2.2. Type of Project ................................................................................................................. 24 2.3. Need for the Project .......................................................................................................... 25 2.4. Location, Project Boundary and Project Site Layout ......................................................... 25 2.5. Size or magnitude of Operation ........................................................................................ 26 2.6. Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation ...................................................... 26 2.7. Technology and Process Description ................................................................................ 27 2.8. Project Description ........................................................................................................... 28 2.9. Assessment of New and Un-tested technology ................................................................. 33 2.10. Site Elevation, Working Depth and Groundwater Table .................................................... 34 2.11. Terms and conditions imposed by Director of Industries, H.P. .......................................... 35 2.12. Statutory / Necessary Approvals. ...................................................................................... 39

Chapter 3. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 40 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 40 3.2. Topography and Drainage ................................................................................................ 43 3.3. Geology and Hydrogeology .............................................................................................. 58 3.4. Meteorology ...................................................................................................................... 62 3.5. Air Quality ......................................................................................................................... 71 3.6. Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 79 3.7. Soil Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 89 3.8. Noise Environment ........................................................................................................... 94 3.9. Biological Environment ..................................................................................................... 98 3.10. Socio-economic Environment ......................................................................................... 106 3.11. Crop Rotation ................................................................................................................. 116

Chapter 4. : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 117 4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 117 4.2. Impacts on Topography And Drainage ........................................................................... 117 4.3. Land Environment .......................................................................................................... 118 4.4. Impacts on Climate ......................................................................................................... 119 4.5. Water Environment ......................................................................................................... 119 4.6. Noise And Vibration ........................................................................................................ 121 4.7. Input for the model .......................................................................................................... 123 4.8. Impacts on Air Environment ............................................................................................ 124




4.9. Biological Environment ................................................................................................... 126 4.10. Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ........................................................................ 128

Chapter 5. : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................... 130 5.1. General........................................................................................................................... 130 5.2. Alternative Sites .............................................................................................................. 130 5.3. Alternative Technology ................................................................................................... 130

Chapter 6. : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ............................................... 132 6.1. General........................................................................................................................... 132 6.2. Areas of concern ............................................................................................................ 132 6.3. Environmental Monitoring ............................................................................................... 132 6.4. Environmental Monitoring Programme ............................................................................ 132 6.5. Environment Management Group ................................................................................... 136 6.6. Environment Policy/Violations of Environment Norms/ Hierarchal System ...................... 137 6.7. Cost of Environment Monitoring Plan .............................................................................. 138

Chapter 7. : ADDITIONAL STUDIES ........................................................................................ 140 7.1. General........................................................................................................................... 140 7.2. Public Consultation ......................................................................................................... 140 7.3. Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................ 140 7.4. Inundation ....................................................................................................................... 141 7.5. Disaster Due To Failure Of Pit Slope .............................................................................. 141 7.6. Disaster Due To Failure Of Mine Waste Dump ............................................................... 142 7.7. Disaster Due To Surface Fire ......................................................................................... 142 7.8. Disaster Management Plan............................................................................................. 142 7.9. Occupational Health and Safety ..................................................................................... 142 7.10. Social Impact Assessment .............................................................................................. 143

Chapter 8. : PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................... 144 8.1. General........................................................................................................................... 144 8.2. Employment Potential ..................................................................................................... 144 8.3. State Exchequer ............................................................................................................. 144 8.4. Betterment of Trade and Commerce ............................................................................... 144

Chapter 9. : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................... 145 9.1. General........................................................................................................................... 145 9.2. Pollution Control Measures ............................................................................................. 145 9.3. Green Belt development plan ......................................................................................... 149 9.4. Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................... 151 9.5. Occupational Health Management Plan .......................................................................... 152

List of Tables

Table 1.1 : Salient Features of the Project ................................................................................13 Table 1.2 : Key Environmental Legislations ...............................................................................15 Table 1.3 : Environmental Framework of State Government .....................................................17 Table 1.4 : Compliance of ToR ..................................................................................................19 Table 2.1 : Annual Production Schedule ...................................................................................27 Table 2.2 : Daily Water Requirement ........................................................................................28 Table 2.3 : Year-wise Production ..............................................................................................29 Table 2.4 : Year-wise Production of raw - material ....................................................................30 Table 2.5 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste .......................................................................32 Table 2.6 : Conditions imposed by Director of Industries ...........................................................35 Table 3.1 : Land Use Details of Core Zone ...............................................................................43 Table 3.2 : Land use details of study area .................................................................................47




Table 3.3 : Geological succession of the formations in and around the Mine lease area ...........58 Table 3.4 : Climatological Data Station: IMD, Dharamshala (1960-1990) ..................................64 Table 3.5 : Monthly Rain Fall Data Observed at Joginder Nagar Tehsil (2012) .........................67 Table 3.6 : Site Specific Meteorological Data ............................................................................69 Table 3.7 : Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ................................................72 Table 3.8 : Ambient Air Quality results (µg/m3) .........................................................................76 Table 3.9 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ............................................................78 Table 3.10 : Water Sampling Locations .....................................................................................80 Table 3.11 : Physico chemical and Biological Characteristics of Surface Water ........................82 Table 3.12 : Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Ground water ..........................83 Table 3.13 : Ten daily Flow Series ............................................................................................85 Table 3.14 : Monthly Sediment Load (ha.m.) of the Beas at Thalout .........................................87 Table 3.15 : Details of Soil Sampling Locations .........................................................................91 Table 3.16 : Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Soil of the Study area ...............................91 Table 3.17 : Details of Noise Monitoring Locations ....................................................................96 Table 3.18 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area ..................................................................96 Table 3.19 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area ..................................................................97 Table 3.20 : Floral Species (At river bank Site) ....................................................................... 100 Table 3.21 : Floral Species (Up Stream & Down Stream of lease area) .................................. 101 Table 3.22 : Important value index (Herb) ............................................................................... 101 Table 3.23 : Inventory of forests within 10km radius of ML area .............................................. 102 Table 3.24 : Birds sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area .................. 103 Table 3.25 : Mammals sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area .......... 103 Table 3.26 : Butterflies sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area .......... 104 Table 3.27 : Reptiles sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area ............. 104 Table 3.28 : Amphibians sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area ....... 104 Table 3.29 : List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in the study area ..................................... 105 Table 3.30 : Macro-invertebrate inventory as observed in various sites .................................. 105 Table 3.31 : Fish Fauna in the influence area ......................................................................... 106 Table 3.32 : Distribution of population by workers and non-workers ........................................ 106 Table 3.33 : Demography of the study area ............................................................................ 107 Table 3.34 : List of SC/ST Population (Tehsil-wise) ................................................................ 108 Table 3.35 : Male and Female Literates/Illiterates (Tehsil-wise) .............................................. 110 Table 3.36 : Demographic profile of the zone of influence ....................................................... 112 Table 3.37 : Caste distribution pattern in influence zone ......................................................... 113 Table 3.38 : Availably of various level educational facilities ..................................................... 114 Table 3.39 : Location of Hospitals and PHC ............................................................................ 115 Table 3.40 : Occupational profile of people in project area ...................................................... 115 Table 4.1 : Predicted Noise Levels .......................................................................................... 123 Table 6.1 : National River Water Quality Standards for Different Uses*.................................. 134 Table 6.2 : Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters will be monitored ...................... 136 Table 6.3 : Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme .............................................. 138 Table 9.1 : Expenditure under LADA works (upto 15-05-2013) ............................................... 148 Table 9.2 : Estimate-wise expenditure under LADA works carried out in gram panchayat Balh

........................................................................................................................................ 148 Table 9.3 : Budget for green belt development plan (Rs. in lakhs)........................................... 150 Table 9.4 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste ..................................................................... 152 Table 9.5 : Cost Estimate ........................................................................................................ 154 Table 9.6 : Cost estimate of soil conservation works (engineering) ......................................... 155 Table 9.7 Total capital cost of project ..................................................................................... 156 Table 9.8 : Total cost of environmental management plan ...................................................... 156




List of Figures

Figure 1.1 : Index Map of mine lease area in district Mandi ......................................................10 Figure 1.2 : Location of mine area in Toposheet no. 53 A/9 ......................................................11 Figure 1.3 : Satellite view of the Project ....................................................................................12 Figure 1.4 : Pictorial view of the mine lease area ......................................................................13 Figure 2.1 : Surface area Plan of Mine lease area ....................................................................26 Figure 2.2 : Year-wise Production Plan ....................................................................................31 Figure 2.3 : Schematic Diagram of Mine Working. ....................................................................34 Figure 3.1 : Topographic Map of Study Area .............................................................................41 Figure 3.2 : Satellite Imagery of study area ...............................................................................42 Figure 3.3 : DEM of the Study Area ...........................................................................................45 Figure 3.4 : Slope Map of the Study Area ..................................................................................46 Figure 3.5 : Land use Map of Study Area ..................................................................................48 Figure 3.6 : Soil Map of Study Area ...........................................................................................51 Figure 3.7 : Catchment Area Map of Rana Khad upto G&D site Bagla ......................................53 Figure 3.8 : Longitudinal Section of Rana Khad (at Bagla Site) .................................................55 Figure 3.9 : Drainage Map of the Study Area ............................................................................57 Figure 3.10 : Regional geology map of Himachal Pradesh ........................................................59 Figure 3.11 : Geological Map of mine lease area ......................................................................60 Figure 3.12 : Hydrogeological Map of Mandi district ..................................................................62 Figure 3.13 : Site Specific Windrose Diagram (Winter) ..............................................................71 Figure 3.14 : Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations .............................................73 Figure 3.15 : Water Quality Sampling Locations ........................................................................80 Figure 3.16 : Riverbed material in mine area .............................................................................89 Figure 3.17 : Soil Quality Sampling Locations ...........................................................................90 Figure 3.18 : Noise Sampling Locations ....................................................................................95 Figure 3.19 : Map of Himachal Pradesh showing forest cover in its various districts (SFR, 2011)

..........................................................................................................................................99 Figure 3.20 : Tehsil-wise Male Female Population of the Study Area ...................................... 108 Figure 3.21 : Tehsil-wise SC Population in Study Area ........................................................... 109 Figure 3.22 : Tehsil-wise ST Population in Study Area ............................................................ 110 Figure 3.23 Gender-wise Distribution of Illiteracy in Study Area .............................................. 111 Figure 3.24 : Occupational Scenario ....................................................................................... 111 Figure 6.1 : Hierarchical Administrative Setup ......................................................................... 138 Figure 9.1 : Environment Management Plan ........................................................................... 151

List of Annexures

Annexure I : Mine Lease Deed Annexure II: Forest Clearance Letter Annexure III: Lease Renewal Letter Annexure IV: NOC from Village Panchayat Annexure V: NOC from IPH Department Annexure VI: Approved Mine Plan Annexure VII : Inventory of Forests Annexure VIII: Certificate of DFO




CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Preamble

The middle course of a mountainous river presents a less steep bed slope and is

characterised by landform features like river cliffs and river beaches. It is in this course,

the river begins to meander and the valley sides are less steep. The rock material, which

are eroded due to hydraulic and abrasive action of flow water with large velocities, are

attritioned and transported in the upper reach of a river, are deposed as fluvial deposit in

the upper reach of the middle course. The composition and structure of the alluvium

differ substantially based on the hydraulic regime of flow, the discharge, the relief, the

drainage system and the rock composition of riverbed and banks. In mountain rivers the

alluvium predominantly comprises of boulder, cobbles, pebbles and fine drained soil

consisting of mud, silt and sand and is more often than not deposited on the inside

bends (convex banks), where the water flows more slowly and has less power to

transport the bed/sedimentary load.

Rivers and streams by far have been the most lucrative and attractive source for

extracting large volume of building materials such as boulders, stone , pebbles, sand

and gravel for a variety of construction activities. Following are some advantages of

using river sediments as compared to the crushing of rock-mass from rock-in-situ

quarries.

Due to attrition, the material is already granulated and rounded, well sorted and

generally clean

Sediments can easily be collected / extracted by digging less deep pits in active

channel or dry river beds of upper terraces

Invariably free from weak materials and interstitial loose / fine material.

Not far from cities or market as the civilization has developed near the bank of rivers

Require comparatively less processing.

Natural replenishment takes place annually due to transportation of sediments from

upper course/reaches during high stage of river, which is achieved a number of times

during monsoon

1.2. Purpose of the Report

Mining activities invariably affect the existing environmental equilibrium of the site with

both adverse and beneficial effects. Exploitation of mineral deposits, occurring in specific




sites, does not leave any choice but to adoption of eco-friendly mining methods

compatible with project economics. For sustainable maintenance of environmental

commensuration with the mining and related operation, it is imperative to conduct

studies on the baseline status of existing environmental attributes and assess the impact

on these due to proposed activities, which would assist in formulating well-addressed

management plans for sustainable mineral extraction within life of mine.

The main purpose of the report is to establish the baseline environmental attributes in

terms of scoping clearance issued by the SEAC, Himachal Pradesh, vide meeting held

on 1.1.2013 and predict identify the impacts for preparing eco-friendly management

plan.

1.3. Identification of Project & Project Proponent

Stone/Sand/Bajri Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Vikas

Nigam Limited executed the original leas deed on 12.05.2008 (Annexure-I), for a period

of five years, which has expired. The corporation has applied for renewal of lease and

the case is pending with the state government.

The Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited has been formed for execution of the works

of UHL Stage III HEP (100 MW) which originally was envisaged for utilisation of the tail

water of Uhl stage-I (Shanan) and Uhl stage-II with installed capacity 70 mw. Later more

surveys were conducted to enhance the installed capacity of the project to 100 mw by

adding the water of Neri and Rana rivulets after desilting. The water would be carried

through hydel channels to the Bagla reservoir to meet the peak-load demand during the

lean season.

The water would further be carried to the tunnel intake through a 398 metre-long

aqueduct over the Rana Khad and then through a 8.27 km-long tunnel to a 36.50 metre

high surge shaft. Three generators of 33.33-MW each would be installed at the

powerhouse near Chullah.

For meeting a part of the huge demand of construction material, like coarse aggregate

(3.62 lac cum) and fine aggregate (1.81 lac cum) required in concrete works of various

components of the project, the natural available materials in shoal deposits of Rana

Khad at riverbed quarry site at Dart Bagla was found suitable from techno-economic

consideration for works like trench weir, W.C.S. Rana Intake to reservoir, W.C.S. Intake

to reservoir, Desilting tank, khudder storage reservoir and part of HRT. Apart from this,




the quarry site was also used for obtaining stone aggregate material during the

construction of UHL stage – II project (Bassi Power house (60 MW)). Therefore, the

project proponent has sought the lease of the land for mining of stone/sand/bajri from

this quarry site for consumptive use in their project.

1.4. Brief description of nature, size and location of the project

1.4.1. Brief description nature and size of the project

. The project has been proposed for a maximum annual production of 15000 Metric

Tonne of stone/sand/bajri by open cast manual extraction method in river bed. The lease

area (2.7346 ha) is forestland for diversion of which permission has already been

accorded vide MoEF letter no. 9-HPC410/2005-CHA/10458 Dated 2-11-2007

(Annexure II). With mining depth of one meter, the estimated net geological reserves

have been assessed as 61530 metric tonne of stone/sand/bajri, out of which 29250

metric tonne are mineable, without consideration of replenishment. The project has no

other interlinked project. The working cum Environment Management Plan as warranted

with the Geological the qualified person, registered Wing of Department of Industries, by

the competent Authority, Himachal Pradesh under Section 21(2-A) 4 (II & III) has been

prepared by and the same has been approved authorised for approval of mining plans

under 22(4A) of Mineral Concession Rules.

Though the project activity with extent of mine lease being less than 5 ha does not fall in

any category as defined under relevant schedule of MoEF notification dated 14th

September , 2006 and amendment dated 1st December 2009. Yet in view of orders

passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in SLP (C) No. 19628-19629 of 2009 Dated 27-

02-2012 and the orders by the Hon’ble High Court of H.P. in CWP No. 9/2011 dated 15-

06-2012, the mining areas less than 5 ha also need environmental clearance. The

SEAC, Himachal Pradesh, considered and categorized the project as B-1and desired

that 1960. The copy of the working cum environmental management plan is enclosed as

Annexure- III EIA/EMP be submitted after conducting public hearing.

1.4.2. Location and Approach to the project

The mine lease area falls in Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwari Circle Chattar, Joginder

Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. It is located at about 8 km South of Joginder Nagar,

on Rana Khad approachable from SH-19 through a link road to Dart. Geographical

location of mine lease area is covered under Survey of India Toposheet No. 53A/13. The




index Location Map of mine site falling in district Mandi is enclosed as Figure 1.1. The

location of mine area is marked in toposheet no 53A/9 and the high resolution satellite

image is shown in Figure 1.2 and 1.3 respectively. The pictorial view of the mine site is

shown in Figure 1.4.

1.4.3. Status of Litigation against project

There are no litigations/court cases pending against the project as informed by the

project proponent.




Figure 1.1 : Index Map of mine lease area in district Mandi




Figure 1.2 : Location of mine area in Toposheet no. 53 A/9




Figure 1.3 : Satellite view of the Project




Figure 1.4 : Pictorial view of the mine lease area

1.5. Salient Features of the Project

The salient features of the project are given in Table 1.1,

Table 1.1 : Salient Features of the Project

Project name Stone/ Sand/ Bajri Mine

Location of mine Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

Latitude 31057’19.5”N to 31057’51.9”N

Longitude 76046’25.44”E to7604629.2”E

Topo sheet number 53A/13

Land use Forest land

Minerals of mine Stone/Sand/Bajri

Total geological reserves 61530 metric tonnes

Total mineable reserves 29250metric tonnes

Life of mine Continuous due to annual replenishment

Proposed annual production of mine 15000 metric tonnes(mmaxium)

Method of mining Open-cast Manual

No of working days in a year 270

Water demand 1.5 KLD




Sources of water Tap water/ Rana khad water

Man power 25

Nearest railway station Joginder Nagar (8 km)

Nearest state highway/national highway

SH- 19 / NH-154

Nearest Forests Banon PF (West 1km) and Siyuri PF (East 3.5km)

Nearest air port Gaggal (68 km)

Seismic zone Zone-IV (As per 1893:2002)

1.6. Need for the project and its importance to the country or region

For meeting the huge demand of construction, material like coarse and fine aggregate

require in concrete works of various head reach components of the project, the natural

available materials in shoal deposits of Rana Khad at riverbed quarry site at Dart Bagla

was found suitable from techno-economic consideration.

Considering the huge growth of peak electricity demand and anticipated increase in the

generating capacity based on new projects proposed and/or under construction /

consideration during 11th and 12th Five Year Plans, it is evident that there is a dire need

to provide additional power to the Northern Grid to meet the increasing demand of

power. New schemes have to be taken-up immediately and implemented to derive timely

benefits. The most important source of power development in the Northern region is

hydroelectric power located in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir.

The need for the UHL Stage III HEP, installed capacity 100 MW, in the Beas Basin, has

therefore, been considered in context of power shortage in the Northern region in

general and in the country as whole. The mining project shall provide direct employment

to about 25 laborers. Additional jobs would be created by way of transportation.

1.7. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

The emerging environmental scenario calls for requisite attention on conservation and

proper use of natural resources and development without destruction. The

environmental consideration in any development process has become a necessity for

achieving sustainable developmental. To achieve these goals, the Ministry of

Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, has enacted various acts, legislations, guidelines

and standards from time to time. The principal environmental regulatory agency in India

is the Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi. MoEF formulates environmental




policies and accords environmental clearances for different projects. The important

environmental legislations in India are given in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Key Environmental Legislations

Name Scope and Objective Key Areas Operational

Agencies/Key

Player

Water (Prevention

and Control of

Pollution) Act, 1974,

1988

To provide for the

prevention and control of

water pollution and

enhancing the quality of

water

Control sewage and

industrial effluent

discharges

Central and State

Pollution Control

Boards

Air (Prevention and

Control of Pollution)

Act, 1981, 1987

To provide for the

prevention and control of

air pollution

Controls emission of air

pollutants

Central and State

Pollution Control

Board

Noise Pollution

(Regulation &

Control) Rule 2000

Noise pollution control Control of noise pollution

in residential, commercial,

industrial and silent zones

Central and State

Pollution Control

Board

Forest

(Conservation) Act,

1980, 1988

To consolidate

acquisition of common

property such as forest,

halt India’s rapid

deforestation and

resulting environmental

degradation

Regulates access to

natural resources, state

has a monopoly right over

land, categories forests,

restriction on de-

reservation and using

forest for non-forest

purpose

State Government

and Central

Government

Wildlife (Protection)

Act, 1972, 1993

To protect wildlife Creates protected areas

(national parks /

sanctuaries) categories of

wildlife which are

protected

Wildlife Advisory

Boards, Central Zoo

Authorities

Ancient Monuments

and Archaeological

sites & Remains

Act, 1958

To protect ancient

monuments of national

heritage / importance

Conservation of cultural

and historical remains

found in India

Archaeological

Survey of India

Hazardous Wastes

(Management and

Handling) Rules,

1989

Health and safety Assessment of hazardous

materials and

management

Central and State

Pollution Control

Board

Biological Diversity

Act, 2002

Biodiversity

conservation

Disclosure of species

survey or collection

activities to the National

Biodiversity Authority

MoEF, New Delhi and

State Forest

Departments




Name Scope and Objective Key Areas Operational

Agencies/Key

Player

International

Environmental

(regulation in which

India is a signatory)

Control and reduction of

greenhouse gases

International

environmental issues such

as emission of

greenhouse gases

Govt. of India

Environment

(Protection) Act,

1986

To provide for the

protection and

improvement of

environment

An umbrella legislation,

supplements pollution

laws

Central government

nodal agency, MoEF

can delegate to state

departments of

environment

National Policy on R

& R, 2007

Resettlement and

rehabilitation of project

affected people

Social issues Central and State

Government

EIA Notification 14th

Sep 2006 and

amendment 1st Dec

2009

Environment Impact

Assessment

Environmental Protection Project Development,

State and Central

Government

As per MoEF notification, dated 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1st

December 2009, construction of a new project or activities or the expansion or

modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the schedule to the notification

shall be undertaken in any part of India only after the prior environmental clearance from

the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi for

matters falling under Category ‘A’ in the schedule and at state level the State

Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) for matters falling under Category ‘B’

in the said schedule, the later duly constituted by the Central Government under sub-

section (3) of section 3 of the said act.

In the present case, the riverbed mining of Stone/Sand/Bajri in lease area of 2.7346 ha

relates to mining of minerals (non-coal) project falling under project category with

threshold limit “B”, and as such, the scoping clearance was sought from the SEIAA,

Himachal Pradesh.

1.8. Scoping Of the Project

In consonance with the provision, under section-6 of the MoEF notification, dated 14th

September 2006, the project proponent has moved an application, to the SEIAA, H.P., in

the prescribed Form-I duly filled along a copy of the PFR of the project. The first step,

required in the environment clearance process is ‘Scoping’ by which the SEAC




determines detailed and comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) addressing all

relevant environment concerns for the preparation of an Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) Report in respect of the project for which prior environment clearance

is being sought.

After going through the various aspects of the river bed mining at the proposed site and

the related documents like Form – I and the PFR, the SEAC, H.P. in its 22nd meeting

held on 1.1.2013 set out the scoping clearance and issued ToR proposed for

environmental impact assessment studies and preparation of environmental

management plan for River bed mining and for submission of report after Public Hearing.

1.9. Environmental Framework of the State

The specific laws and policies that are formulated by the state government for achieving

certain level of sustainability in the human actions are mentioned in Table-1.3.

Table 1.3 : Environmental Framework of State Government

Sl.

No.

Legislation / Policy Objective

1. The Himachal Pradesh minor

minerals (concession) revised rules,

1971

Relating application for mining lease,

its procedures authorities and

application forms

2. State Environmental Policy, 2005 Sustainable development of the state

3. State Water Policy, 2003 To protect and conserve water

resources

4. State Forest Policy, 1980 Protection and prevention of forest

and wildlife

5. Himachal Pradesh Land

Preservation Act, 1978

Control on the private forests with ten

years felling cycle

1.9.1. The Himachal Pradesh minor minerals (concession) revised rules, 1971

The rules inter alia provide for procedure for application for quarrying of minor minerals,

grant of mining lease, restriction on grant of mining lease, various mandatory registers of

mining lease, royalties in respect of mining leases, besides conditions applicable on

mining lease, the rights of lessee and the rights and power of the government. In

addition the procedure for grant of mineral concessions in respect of minor minerals in




respect of the land in which minor minerals vest in a person other than the government

are contained in Chapter 3.

1.9.2. State Environmental Policy

The Himachal is the first state to have its own State Environmental Policy, which came in

to existence in 2005 prior to the July 2006 National Environmental policy. By formulating

this policy, the Government of HP expresses its resolve to conserve and enhance the

environment and follow a policy of sustainable development. This cannot be achieved

without a wholehearted cooperation of all departments (that includes project proponent

also), institutions, local bodies and the people at large. The project proponent, therefore,

need to plan and implement the hydro-electric project in such a manner that incorporates

all environmental safeguard measures, national policies, rules, codes and regulations

and above all international best practices for environmental management for the

implementation of Infrastructure projects.

1.9.3. State Water Policy

Both State and National water polices give highest priority for safe drinking water. Any

impact on these resources of the common people is to be seen very seriously. Prior to

demolishing or destruction of such structures, the project will have to provide alternative

drinking water resources to the people. This new provision need to be monitored for the

whole construction period to verify its adequacy in terms of quantity, quality and distance

from the dwelling units. Since some underground drinking water sources of the people

like Hand pumps, spring water sources may be affected by the construction activities,

this policy is directly relevant to the project.

1.10. Himachal Pradesh State Forest Policy

In 1980, the State Government has enunciated its own Forest Policy within the

framework of National Forest Policy. This was to meet the peculiar forest situation in the

State. The policy guidelines contained are said to be still valid and cover almost all

aspects of forestry in the State. Since forest and related issues are one of the few most

important issues of the project, implementation Forest policy is directly relevant.

1.11. HP State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB)

The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) plays a major role in environmental

management at the State level, particularly with regard to air and water issues. Agency

is also acting as a facilitator for Central and State environmental clearance process. The

main functions are to:-




Plan and execute state-level air and water initiatives;

Advise State Government on air, water and industry issues;

Establish emission standards based on National minimum standards;

Issue consent orders (permits) for industrial air and water discharges;

Issue “No Objection Certificates” for "industrial development".

Publish statistics and disseminate information; and

Take legal action against defaulters.

Conducting of public hearing as per Paragraph -7, Stage-3 of MoEF Notification 2006.

1.12. Public Hearing

On completion and Submission of Draft EIA/EMP report and in consonance with the EIA

notification 14th September 2006, vide section 7(i) related to public consultation, the

Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board shall be requested by the project

proponent to conduct the Public Hearing.

1.13. Compliance of ToR

The compliance of the ToR set out as Annexure – I as per scoping clearance given by

the SEAC consequent to the 22nd Meeting held on 1.1.2013 is given Table 1.4.

Table 1.4 : Compliance of ToR

S. No. ToR Cross Ref. in EIA Report

1. Year wise production details since 2006 after the EIA

Notification, 2006 coming in force.

Section 2.8.5

2. A copy of document ins support of the fact that the proponent is

the rightful lessee of the mine should be given.

Annexure – I

3. All corner coordinates of the mine lease area superimposed on

High Resolution Imagery/Toposheet should be provided

Figure 1.2 and 1.3

4. All documents including approved mine plan (eco friendly

mine plan), EIA report and public hearing should be compatible

with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production

levels, waste generation and its management and mining

technology.

Yes, chapter I and II

provide project details.

Eco friendly Mining

Plan enclosed as

Annexure VI.

5. The terms and conditions imposed, if any, by the Competent

Authority in the State Government while granting mining lease/

permit/ contract should be built into the mine plan (eco-friendly

mine plan) as well as the EIA report.

It may inter-alia include; area of working (length and breadth of

the river stretch), mode of working, working shift,

transportation of mineral, restriction, if any imposed for

working etc.

Section 2.11




6. Overall note on mineral reserves rated capacity and life of mine Section 2.8.1, 2.8.3 and

2.8.4

7. Overburden dumps stability study and reclamation Section 2.8.7

8. Plan of backfilling of mine pit Section 2.8.8

9. Surface drainage pattern at mine site (modification/diversion in

the existing drainage pattern)

Section 3.2.1.4 and

Figure 3.10 10. Mineral transportation outside mining lease area (road, rail,

conveyer, ropeways, waterways, pipelines, other etc.)

Section 2.8.11

11. Involvement of forestland, if any, in the project and status of

forestry clearance should be given.

Lease area (2.7346

ha) is forestland for

diversion of which

permission has

already been

accorded ,vide MoEF

letter no. 9-

HPC410/2005-

CHA/10458 Dated 2-

11-2007 (Annexure II)

12. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the mine

lease from lease periphery and the data contained in the EIA

such as waste generation etc. should be for the life of the

mine/ lease period.

Section 3.1, Figure 3.1

and 3.2

13. Land use of the study area delineating forest area, agricultural

land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary and national park,

migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements

and ecological features.

Section 3.2.2.2, Figure

3.5

14. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to

encompass pre-operational, operational and post-

operational phases.

Section 3.2.1.2

15. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any

other protected area and accordingly detailed mitigation

measures required should be worked out with cost implications.

Section 4.5.2

16. The vegetation cover in the RF/PF in the study area, if any,

should be indicated.

Section3.9

17. A study shall be done to ascertain the impacts of the mining

project on wildlife of the area including aquatic life.

Section 4.5.2




18. Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere

Reserves, wildlife Corridors, Tiger/Elephant Reserves (existing

as well as proposed) within 10 km of the mine lease should

be clearly supported by a location map duly authenticated

by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance from the

Chief Wildlife Warden for operating the mine within 10 km of

the National Park/Sanctuary, if any, should be obtained and

furnished.

Section4.5.1

19. A detailed biological study for the study area [core zone and

buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)]

including the aquatic fauna in the riverine system shall be

carried out. Details of f lora and fauna, duly

authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should

be furnished based on field survey clearly indicating the

Schedule of the fauna present.

In case of any scheduled-I fauna present in the study area,

the necessary plan for their conservation should be

prepared in consultation with State Forest and wildlife

Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation

of funds for implementing the same should be made as

part of the project cost.

. Section 3.9

20. Impact of the project on land use including change of river

course, if any should be given.

Section 4.3.1 and 4.3.2

21. The proponent shall specify distances and impacts on

nearby water sources and the irrigation / water supply

schemes u/s and d/s

Section 4.5.6

22. Siltation increase due to mining in water sources shall be

obtained

Section 4.5.2

23. Photograph of mining area and adjoining land and

videogrphy DVDs of the site features and the entire area

Figure 1.4

24. No mechanized mining / blasting shall be carried out. Section2.7.1 and 2.7.2

25. Impact o n t o p o g r a p h y , d r a i n a g e , a g r i c u l t u r a l

f i e l d s , c a t t l e fields, wildlife, water logging leading to

water borne diseases, if any. It may also be shown whether it

will lead to change of watercourse of the river. Modelling

exercise should also be carried out through an expert agency

to show the change in river flow dynamics, if any.

Section4.2.1,4.2.2,4.3.2

and 4.3.5




26. Collection of one season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data

on ambient air quality (PM10, SO2 and NOX), water quality, noise

level, soil and flora and fauna, site-specific

meteorological data should be collected. The location of the

monitoring stations should be justified. Date wise collected

baseline AAQ data should form part of EIA and EMP report.

The mineralogical composition of PM10 particularly for free

silica should be given. There should be at least one AAQ

monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-

dominant downwind direction.

Section 3.4 through 3.8

27. Air quality modelling should be carried out for prediction of

impact of the project on the air quality of the area. It should also

take into account the impact of movement of vehicles for

transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and

input parameters used for modelling should be provided. The

air quality contours may be shown on a location map clearly

indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive

receptors, if any and the habitation. The wind roses showing the

pre-dominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map.

Section 4.7 and Fig.3.14

28. The water requirement for the project, its availability and source

to be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be

provided. Fresh water requirement for the project should be

indicated.

1.5 KLD; Section 2.7.4

29. Necessary clearance from the Competent authority for drawl of

requisite quantity of water for the project should be provided.

30. Impact of the project on the water quality should be assessed

and necessary safeguard measures, if any required should be

provided.

Section 4.5.2 and 4.5.3

31. Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater table

should be provided both in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram

may also be provided for the same.

Section 2.10

32. Quantity of solid waste generation, if any, should be estimated

and details for its disposal and management should be provided.

Section 2.8.9

33. Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the project

should be evaluated. Projected increase in truck traffic as a

result of the project in the present road network (including

those outside the project area) and whether it is capable of

handling the increased load should be estimated. Arrangement

for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated including

action to be taken by other agencies such a state government, if

any, should be covered.

Section 4.10




34. Details of the infrastructure facilities to be provided for the

mineworkers should be furnished.

Section 2.8.12 and

2.8.13

35. Phase- wise plan of green belt development, plantation

and compensatory afforestation clearly indicating the area

to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted

should be provided.

Section 9.3

36. Occupational health impacts of the project activity should be

anticipated and reported and proposed preventive

measures indicated. These along with details of pre-

placement medical examination and periodical medical

examination schedules and medical facilities proposed to

be provided should be incorporated in the EMP.

Section7.9.2 and 9.5

37. Measures of socio economic influence to the local community,

proposed to be provided by project proponent should be spelt

out. As far as possible, quant itat ive dimensions

should be given.

Section4.9 and 9.2.6

38. Detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the

environmental impacts. Specific safeguard measures to control

PM10 as well as pollution due to transportation should be

given.

Section4.7 and 9.2.1

39. Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project

proponent on the same along with time bound action plan to

implement the same should be provided.

Yes, would be

incorporated after

conducting of public

hearing.

40. Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with

direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project

should be given.

No litigation is pending.

Section 1.4.3

41. The cost of the project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well

as the cost towards implementation of EMP should be clearly

spelt out.

Section 9.7 and 9.8

Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,



CHAPTER 2. : PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. General

The project envisages open-cast, without blasting manual extraction of Stone/Sand/Bajri from

Rana Khad (CA at mine site = 98.9 sq km), a perennial right bank tributary of the Beas, to

annual maximum of 15000 metric tonne from the river bed mine lease area 2.7346 ha., for

five years, for consumption as aggregate material for wearing and non-wearing surface

concrete works and other works of UHL Stage III HEP, being implemented by BVPCL, an

undertaking of Govt. of Himachal Pradesh, Joginder nagar, District Mandi. There is no

national park / wildlife sanctuary, elephant / tiger reserve, eco-sensitive area within 10km

radius of the project. The mine lease area is forestland, the diversion of which stand

sanctioned.

2.2. Type of Project

Stone/Sand/Bajri mining lease, measuring 2.7346 ha is a captive mine of BVPCL, and is in

Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.

The original lease deed was executed by Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Vikas Nigam Limited

on 12.05.2008. The proposed planning details are:

Mining method - Open Cast Manual mining method Project cost - Rs. 4.0 lac. Production - Stone/Sand/Bajri – 15000 metric tonnes per annum

(maximum)

There is practically no soil cover as well as overburden on on top profile of river bed section

proposed for mining, however, if some soil is available it will be removed and carefully stored

for use in plantation purpose. No solid waste other than negligible quantity of silt/silty clay,

which is deposited as crust material on the bed profile, shall be scrapped and carefully stored

for depositing into the mine pits in the riverbed or in the upper terraces earmarked for

plantation purpose.

During monsoon season, when the river reaches high stage, Rana Khad having substantial

catchment (98.90 sq.km), transports bed load material and sediments which gets accredited

at such stretch which has wider river width and has concave banks. The mined out area is

replenished annually after monsoon, thus it does not require any backfilling. The

rehabilitation/reclamation of such lease area, which has been secluded for mining being

close to the bank in the form of upper terraces, will be done by way of tree plantation along

lease boundary. Green barriers will be created by plantation as per CPCB Guidelines.




2.3. Need for the Project

A fast developing country like India, with its abnormally high population, has to keep pace

with the development worldwide and thus it requires development of large infrastructure

projects in the sector of Surface transport, power etc. Huge quantities of raw construction

materials like Sand, Stone and Bajri mine are required in erecting vast civil engineering

structures of infrastructure works. The riverbed mining for obtaining raw construction material

is an important source besides rock-in-situ quarries. Hence, considering the demand of Sand,

Stone and Bajri & sufficient availability in the area, it is very much necessary to have Sand,

Stone and Bajri projects to sustain Infrastructure project as well as household requirement in

the area and to provide employment opportunities to the locals.

For meeting a part of the huge demand of construction material, like coarse aggregate (3.62

lac cum) and fine aggregate (1.81 lac cum) required in concrete works of various

components of the project, the natural available materials in shoal deposits of Rana Khad at

riverbed quarry site was found suitable from techno-economic consideration for works like

trench weir, W.C.S. Rana Intake to reservoir, W.C.S. Intake to reservoir, Desilting tank,

khudder storage reservoir and part of HRT. This captive mine of BVPCL is exclusive for

extracting riverbed material and shall be abandoned after completion of the works of UHL

Stage – III.

2.4. Location, Project Boundary and Project Site Layout

The mine lease area falls in Kh. No.479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar, Joginder Nagar,

Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. It is located at about 8 km South of Joginder Nagar, on Rana

Khad approachable from SH-19 through a link road to Dart and is u/s of Macchial.

Geographical location of mine lease area is covered under Survey of India Toposheet No.

53A/13. The surface area plan of the mine lease area showing its boundaries vis/a’vis/ the

Rana khad along with contour is given in Figure 2.1




890

895

895.96

900

902.77

905

904.77

902.66

906.30

906.68908.83

910915920

920.88

927.28

927.69

928.88

914.48914.99

920

915

910

905

910

915

903.5

9

916.75

920

920908.05

915

905910

HFL

LWL

HFL

900

899

898.74

896.6

0

897.88

897.80

899.67898.85

898.28

899.30

903.38

905

902.3

6PATH

905.6

95

901.4

1

KUHL

900.

96

902.367

901.5

7

901.5

1

901.

69

900

899.6

9

898.05

895

890.80

895

890.56

890

894.84896.370 893.20

893.35

897.10

892.25

895.95

895.25 896.03893.796

894.78

895

898.86

895.51

895.51

897.05

880

893.00

893.38892.68

891.72

891.51

891.68

890PATH891.42 891.33

LWL

LWL

889.78

889.80887.36

889.05

BOULDER

ROAD

ROAD

RANA KHAD

HFL

HFL898.45

B/WALL

I,III & V

YEAR

II & IV YEAR R/WALL

905

894.16

LEASE BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY PILLAR

CONTOUR

RIVER/KHAD

HFL/LWL

METALED ROAD

15th WIDTH OF KHAD

FOOT PATH

BUILDING

DRY NALA/KHAD

PROHIBITED LAND

EXISTING TREE

LEGEND

N

SURFACE PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITE DART-BAGLA

SCALE 1:2500

CONTOUR INTERVAL 5m

31°57'50''

A

B

C

D

E

FG

I

K

H

J

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

31°57'50''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

31°57'55'' 31°57'55''

A -31°57'51.9 ", 76°46'25.52"

CORNER COORDINATES

B -31°57'42.38", 76°46'26.36"

C- 31°57'30.43", 76°46'27.15"

D- 31°57'23.15", 76°46'29.20"

E- 31°57'19.50", 76°46'29.40"

F- 31°57'22.52", 76°46'28.29"

G- 31°57'22.30", 76°46'28.40"

H- 31°57'24.30", 76°46'26.53"

I- 31°57'40.31", 76°46'25.59"

J- 31°57'46.34", 76°46'25.17"

K- 31°57'49.44", 76°46'25.44"

Figure 2.1 : Surface area Plan of Mine lease area

2.5. Size or magnitude of Operation

The project involves opencast manual mining without use of machinery and blasting for

extraction of 66000 metric tonnes of sand, stone and bajri, during 5 years, from wider river

course / terrace of Rana Khad for a stone crushing unit set outside of the mine lease area.

The total area of mine lease is 2.7346 ha. The proponent were granted mining lease for

mining of sand, stone and bajri for a period of five years, w.e.f. 12.05.2008, for the extraction

of sand, stone & Bajri for use has already established stone crusher unit ,at Bahl, through its

civil construction contractor. The project proponent has already applied to competent

authority for renewal of mine lease area (Annexure III). The manual work of mining shall be

carried out through the labour deployed by the civil contractor in the supervision of the project

proponent, as has been prescribed in the contract.

2.6. Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation




The maximum annual target of stone/sand/bajri production from the mine is 15000 metric

tonnes. The mine will be worked on the day shift only and no mining activity shall be carried

out during the monsoon season (June to September). The average number of working days

in the year would be 270, which implies that the daily maximum production would be about

65.2 metric tonne. The annual production schedule for five years, as per working-cum

environ management plan,is given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Annual Production Schedule

Year Boulder (metric tonne)

Bajri (metric tonne)

Sand (metric tonne)

Clay (metric tonne)

Total (metric tonne)

1ST 5400 5400 1080 120 12000

2ND 6750 6750 1350 150 15000

3RD 5400 5400 1080 120 12000

4TH 6750 6750 1350 150 15000

5TH 5400 5400 1080 120 12000

Total 29700 29700 5940 660 66000

2.7. Technology and Process Description

2.7.1. Method of Mining

Taking into consideration the matrix of deposit in the riverbed and the targeted production,

the mine will be worked by manual opencast method of mining without blasting. The

opencast mining process for extraction of stone / boulder / sand and bajri primarily involves

scooping the mineral through use of implements like spade, pickaxe, shovel etc. The sand

shall be separated from bajri by sieve screening at mine site The production/manufacturing of

coarse/fine aggregate shall be undertaken at stone crushing site. The loading of mineral shall

be done manually and transported by truck/tipper (9.0 to 10.0 metric tonnes), tractor trolley

small (3 metric tonnes), tractor trolley big (6 metric tonnes) to the crusher located outside the

mining lease. The transportation vehicles shall be engaged by the civil contractor who shall

directly pay the labour cost for mining as well as for loading onto transportation.

2.7.2. Blasting

No blasting is proposed to be done.

2.7.3. Raw Material Required

No raw material is required for extraction of minerals.

2.7.4. Water Requirement and source

Water requirement for human consumption, plantation and dust suppression is 1.5 KLD, of

which 0.4 KLD for drinking / domestic shall be met from the tap water supply of village Bagla




and rest from khad/ river. The daily water requirement is shown in Table 2.2. Out of 0.2 KLD

water 0.16 KLD of liquid effluent shall be generated which shall be discharged to the septic

tank. No effluent shall be created from the water used for dust separation and green belt as it

will infiltrate into the ground.

Table 2.2 : Daily Water Requirement

S. No. Activities Demand (kld)

Source

1. Dust suppression 0.8 Rana Khad

2. Drinking water at mine site 0.2 WSS of IPH

3. Domestic 0.2 Rana Khad

4. Green Belt 0.3 Rana Khad

Total 1.5

2.7.5. Power

No electrical power shall be required for operations.

2.7.6. Man Power Requirement

About 25 local labours shall be engaged for extraction of Stone/Sand/Bajri and loading and

handling of mineral in mining area, besides, watch and ward and plantation activity with

proper maintenance.

2.7.7. Extent Of Mechanization

The proposed project is manual extraction and collection of sand, stone and bajri from Rana

Khad by using hand tools. No blasting is involved and no machinery shall be deployed to

extract the minerals.

2.8. Project Description

2.8.1. Geological Reserve

The geological reserve of the lease area is assessed by multiplying the lease area with the

permitted depth of extraction i.e. one meter at each point. In the present case, the volume

shall be 27346 cum. One meter from the surface is considered for calculation of the reserve.

The specific gravity of Quartzite is 2.65 and of sand is 1.85 metric tonne/per cubic meter.

Hence, average specific gravity of 2.25 metric tonne/per cubic meter is taken for calculation

of the deposit. Thus, geological reserves are 61530 metric tonne up to one meter depth from

the natural surface bed / level at any point, without taking into account the replenishment

factor.




2.8.2. Mine able Reserves, Quality and Anticipated Life of the Mine

In the wake of the provision under Part V (Section 20) of the lease deed, no river/stream bed

mining shall be allowed within 1/5th of its span or 5m from the bank or as specified by the sub

divisional committee, whichever is more. The mining area is thus, defined after leaving the

1/5 of width of the river section that is 7 to16meters, depending upon the width, which varies

from 35 to 90 meter in the lease area, besides deducting the other prohibited areas. The

mineable area in block earmarked for I,III and year is0.56 ha and for II and IV year is0.74 ha.

The total mineable area thus calculated is 1.30 ha, thereby implying that the mineable

reserves at present are of the tune of 29250metric tonne., without considering the annual

replenishment.. Therefore, to extract 66000 metric tonne material in five years, procedural

steps to get more replenishment of material will be adopted. It will be accomplished by

resorting to digging of material from the u/s direction of the lease area in a systematic

manner so that the depressed bed basin of the Khad so developed is aggraded with the river

bed material / bed load in the following monsoon season. Year-wise mineable area proposed

during five year of mining and the corresponding tonnage is given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 : Year-wise Production

S. No. Year Mineable

Area(sq. m)

Depth of

Mine (m)

Volume of Raw

Material (cum)

Tonnage @ 2.25

MT/cum

1 1st 5333 1.0 5333 12000

2 2nd 6666 1.0 6666 15000

3 3rd 5333 1.0 5333 12000

4 4th 6666 1.0 6666 15000

5 5th 5333 1.0 5333 12000

Total 29331 29331 66000

2.8.3. Composition of River Bed material (Matrix)

In order to calculate the percentage of various sediments found in the River bed, a trial pit

was dug, at a most representative site, having dimensions of 1 m. * 1 m. * 1 m. (Length *

width * depth). The content of the total material dug out from the pits were separated into

four categories i.e. boulder, bajri, sand and clay found as 45 %, 45 %, 9% and 1%

respectively. The percentage of these constituents is likely to vary from year to year

depending upon intensity, duration and frequency of rainfall and the volume of consequent

run-off.

2.8.4. Anticipated life of Mine




Since the deposition of bed material and its transportation by the tractive force created during

high floods is a natural and continual phenomenon the mined out area annually gets

deposited. The life of mine can be considered as continuous/perpetual as long as the rate of

sediment aggradations with mine area is either equal to or in excess of the rate of extraction

of river borne material. The annual sediment load of Rana khad at mine site (catchment area

98.90 sq km) has been assessed as 271926 metric tonne(Section 3). To meet out total

production of 66000 metric tonne in five years, 36750 metric tonne shall be contributed from

replenished quantity and balance 29250 metric tonne from the mineable reserve.

2.8.5. Year-wise production since 2006

There has been no production from the mine ever since the date of grant of lease i.e.

12.05.2008. This mine has not yet been worked so far during the lease period due to

requirement of seeking of prior Environmental Clearance from the SEIAA Himachal Pradesh

as per Notification dated 14th September 2006.

2.8.6. Development of mine and Proposed year-wise production during first five years

Mining in the lease area is carried out in rotation because the basin developed by extracting

the material during first year of development will create space for deposition of material to be

brought by river during the following monsoon season. The process of extraction in the same

area will be repeated in the 3rd and 5th year of development. During the development of 2nd

year the extraction of material shall be carried out in other areas located on the d/s. The

basins so developed will create space for the deposition of material to be transported by the

river during following monsoon season. The same area will be used for extraction of material

during 4th year of development. The year-wise during first five years is shown in Table 2.4

and the annual production plan is shown in Figure 2.2.

Table 2.4 : Year-wise Production of raw - material

S.

No.

Year Mineable

Area (sq.

m.)

Volume

of Raw

Material

(cum)

Tonnage

@ 2.25

MT/cum

Boulder

(45%)

Bajri

(45%)

Sand

(9%)

Silt/Clay

(1%)

1 1st 5333 5333 12000 5400 5400 1080 120

2 2nd 6666 6666 15000 6750 6750 1350 150

3 3rd 5333 5333 12000 5400 5400 1080 120

4 4th 6666 6666 15000 6750 6750 1350 150

5 5th 5333 5333 12000 5400 5400 1080 120

Total 29331 29331 66000 29700 29700 5940 660




890

895

895.96

900

902.77

905

904.77

902.66

906.30

906.68908.83

910915920

920.88

927.28

927.69

928.88

914.48914.99

920

915

910

905

910

915

903.5

9

916.75

920

920908.05

915

905910

HFL

LWL

HFL

900

899

898.74

896.6

0

897.88

897.80

899.67898.85

898.28

899.30

903.38

905

902.3

6PATH

905.6

95

901.4

1

KUHL

900.

96

902.367

901.5

7

901.5

1

901.

69

900

899.6

9

898.05

895

890.80

895

890.56

890894.84896.370 893.20

893.35

897.10

892.25

895.95

895.25 896.03893.796

894.78

895

898.86

895.51

895.51

897.05

880

893.00

893.38

892.68

891.72

891.51

891.68

890PATH891.42 891.33

LWL

LWL

889.78

889.80887.36

889.05

BOULDER

ROAD

ROAD

RANA KHAD

HFL

HFL898.45

B/WALL

I,III & V

YEAR

II & IV YEAR R/WALL

905

894.16

LEASE BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY PILLAR

CONTOUR

RIVER/KHAD

HFL/LWL

METALED ROAD

15th WIDTH OF KHAD

FOOT PATH

BUILDING

DRY NALA/KHAD

PROHIBITED LAND

EXISTING TREE

LEGEND

N

31°57'50''

`A

B

C

D

E

FG

I

K

H

J

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

31°57'50''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

31°57'55'' 31°57'55''

SCALE 1:2500

CONTOUR INTERVAL 5m

YEAR WISE PRODUCTION PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITE DART -BAGLA

AXIS T.WEIR

Figure 2.2 : Year-wise Production Plan

2.8.7. Overburden dumps

There will be no development of overburden dumps in the present case, as the riverbed

material is not overlain with waste material warranting its disposal in the form of internal or

external dumps.

There is practically no soil cover as well as overburden on top profile of river bed section

proposed for mining, however, if some soil is available it will be removed and carefully stored

for use in plantation purpose. No solid waste other than negligible quantity of silt/silty clay,

which deposits as crust material on the bed profile, shall be scrapped and carefully stored for

depositing into the mine pits in the river bed or in the upper terraces earmarked for plantation

purpose




2.8.8. Plan of backfilling of mine pit

In case of stream/river bed mining the mining pits created due to extraction of the riverbed

material are left as such for being aggraded in following monsoon season. The replenishment

process is natural as the discharge flowing in the rivers / stream invariably carries sediment

load / bed load (15% of sediment load) while passing over the river bed depression (basin)

cause due to mining, gets deposited as in the lower segment of river section the flow velocity

is very low. Thus, backfilling plan of the riverbed pit is neither required nor it is envisaged

under the management plan. However, the quantity of scrapped crust material (clay) which is

in excess of the quantity required for plantation purpose in upper terraces shall be deposited

in the riverbed pit.

2.8.9. Solid Waste Generation & its Disposal

No solid waste other than silt/clay, which deposits as crust material on the bed profile, shall

be scrapped and deposited into the mine pits or in the upper terraces earmarked for

plantation. Approximately 660 MT (about 471 cum) of silt/clay shall be produced during 5

years. The year-wise estimation of quantity of solid waste is shown in Table 2.5 , the quantity

of scrapped crust material (clay) which is in excess of the quantity required for plantation

purpose in upper terraces shall be deposited in the riverbed pit.

Table 2.5 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste

S.

No.

Year Mineable Area

(sq. m.)

Volume of

Raw Material

(cum)

Tonnage @

2.25 MT/cum

Solid waste

in form of

Silt/Clay

1 1st 5333 5333 12000 120

2 2nd 6666 6666 15000 150

3 3rd 5333 5333 12000 120

4 4th 6666 6666 15000 150

5 5th 5333 5333 12000 120

Total 29331 29331 66000 660

2.8.10. Liquid Effluent

There will be no wastewater generation from mining activities per se. However, the liquid

effluent to the tune of 0.16 KLD shall be generated, due to domestic water use, which shall

be processed in septic tanks/soak pits built integrally with the flush compost toilet.

2.8.11. Mineral Transportation




The loading of mineral shall be done manually and transported by trucks/tipper (9.0 to 10.2

metric tonnes), tractor trolley small (three metric tonnes), tractor trolley big (six metric tonnes)

to the crusher located outside the mining lease. The transportation vehicles shall be engaged

by the civil contractor who shall directly pay the labour cost for mining as well as for loading

onto transportation. In the present case, the material shall be hauled to a distance of

approximately 5km only as the crushing unit is located in the project area viz. HRT intake

portal. The material shall be carried in covered trucks. For transportation of a maximum

production of 56 MT raw material, two tippers (10MT capacity) shall be deployed considering

that each tipper / truck shall make three trips per day. Since the haulage distance and the

daily quantity of material to be hauled is very less and the anticipated project life is 5 years,

the other means of transportation like conveyer belt / rope way are not economically viable.

The lease area is having gentle slope less than one degree moreover the pit depth would be

maximum of one metre with three metre width, therefore tracks for the trucks and trolley

tractors can be easily maintained.

2.8.12. Site Services

A very small riverbed-mining project, as the present case, much specialized facilities in the

mining area will not be required. However, site facilities like rest shelter, latrine/urinal with

flush compost unit shall be provided near the mine. Such mandatory facilities shall be

provided by the civil contractor engaged for the construction of UHL Stage III project and who

is making consumption of the raw material.

2.8.13. Proposed Infrastructure

As the project will be engaging local workers for the mining as well as for transportation of

minerals, no infrastructure for their residential purposes is needed. As about two tipper/

trucks will be deployed in the transportation of minerals to the crusher site, there shall be not

load on the existing public road. The drinking water supply to the worker will be provided from

existing local water supply system. The latrine / urinal with the mine rest shelter will have its

own septic tank. No mining/industrial/solid waste requiring special management would be

generated.

2.9. Assessment of New and Un-tested technology

The project involves open cast manual mining in a depth of 1m from natural surface level of

riverbed without use of blasting as well as other earth moving equipment. As such, the

conventional method of mining has been adopted. Otherwise, also the provision of Section

21 (2-A) of The Himachal Pradesh Minor Minerals (Concession) Revised Rules, 1971, holds

that, no mechanical mining through mechanical excavator including any other earth moving




machines like J.C.B, Buldozer, Pocklain, Loders etc. shall be carried out in river or stream

bed by the lease holder or permit holder or contractor as the case may be.

2.10. Site Elevation, Working Depth and Groundwater Table

The average river bed level in the mine lease area varies between 900 mamsl to 890 mamsl

as is evident from surface area map (Figure 2.1).The mine shall be worked up in 3 feet depth

below the natural surface level of ground at any section. Two exploratory boreholes at the

Rana Khad aqueduct site lying within the mine lease area Balh, were drilled to know the sub-

surface geology. The geological chart of drill holes shows that the ground water table was

encountered at 3.6m below the natural surface level at the point of drilling. The trend of the

ground water table follows the trend of the natural drainage and slopes in south east

direction. The Dart Bagla mine site is also very close to the Balh mine site and the and it is

prudent to hold that GWT shall also be met at similar depth below ground level. Thus , the

groundwater table shall not intersect with the bottom of mining pits. The schematic view

showing average natural surface level, bottom pit level and GWT is shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 : Schematic Diagram of Mine Working.




2.11. Terms and conditions imposed by Director of Industries, H.P.

The terms and condition as set out in Part V (General) of mine lease deed (Form - F) and the

precautionary measures inherently covered under working cum environmental management

plan / EMP have been brought out in Table 2.6

Table 2.6 : Conditions imposed by Director of Industries

S. No. of

Part V

(General)

of Mine

lease

Deed

Form - F

General Conditions Precautionary measures

inherently covered under

working cum environmental

management plan / EMP

10 The lessee shall do mining in scientific and

systematic manner and to ensure the same.

10a Dumping sites for mine waste and top soil shall

be provided in such a way so that there is no

damage to the adjoining land and the same

does not roll down the slope. Top soil shall be

used for afforestation purposes in the

barren/exhausted pits.

As per approved mining plan,

dumping of mine waste

(Silt/Clay) shall be uniformly

made in gentle slope in upper

terraces, clearly marked in the

mining plan.

10b Diversion dams and other engineering

structures as advised by the deptt. From time

to time at different suitable sites shall be got

erected to arrest and channelize the flow of

water and also to avoid erosion of the land,

causing siltation of nearby natural water

bodies.

Provision of construction of

Stone Masonry check dam for

proper channelization of the

flow and to arrest the bank

erosion has been shown

Working cum environment

management plan and cost

included in the EMP

10c The loading / unloading points in the mine

areas shall be developed in such a way that no

hindrance is caused to the traffic and no

material is stacked within the acquired width of

P.W.D. Road.

There is no PWD road in the

mine area. The loading of

material shall be done in the

mine area and unloading at

stone crushers which are away

from mines. Thus no hindrance

shall be cause to traffic

10d All precaution shall be taken to check air

pollution water pollution and noise pollution as

per standards of H.P. State Environment

Proper mitigation measures to

check air/water/noise pollution

have been suggested in EMP




protection & pollution control board. with periodical monitoring.

Consent to Establish and

operate stone crusher shall be

obtained from HPSPCB. There

is no mandatory requirement for

seeking clearance from

Pollution control board in

respect of mining activity.

10e Visual impact caused due to dug out areas and

wasted disposal areas shall be controlled by

undertaking afforestation on worked out areas

as waste disposal areas and at areas where no

working is proposed.

The dug out pits shall be

replenished during flood

annually. The mine waste in the

form of silt/clay shall be spread

in the designated area and

vegetated as per working cum

environmental management

plan / EMP

10f Labourers shall be provide with safety

equipments like boots, helmets, ropes, ear

plugs and even nose filters, site services like

rest shelter, drinking water and first aid facilities

shall also be provided at the mining site.

Provision for supplying Personal

Protection Equipment (PPE) to

the labourers, creation of site

facilities and drinking water

have already been made in the

cost estimate of EMP.

13 Surface collection of sand, stone and bajri from

rivers/khads/khallas shall be done in such a

way. So as not to cause environmental and

ecological imbalance. To ensure this.

13a The lessee shall not carry any collection/mining

operations at any point within a distance of

200m upstream & downstream from any

railway line 60 m. from National Highway or

60m from any reservoir, tank, canal, road

except under and in accordance with previous

permission of Govt. in writing or as per

conditions of the joint inspection report.

Neither, there is any railway

line/bridge 75m u/s and d/s of

the mine site nor does any NH

exist at a distance of 60m.

However, trench weir of Rana

feeder, has been constructed in

the river section within lease

area, due to which no mining

zone has been delineated 60m

The structure is underground

except for the abutments and

wing walls. It has been

designed by taking into account

the safety factor against scour

and not to interfere with the flow

section of the Khad.




13b Excavation, below the natural surface level of

the bed shall not exceed 3 feet and these shall

be filled up or suitability fenced to the

satisfaction of mining officer.

The mining plan itself

envisages, excavation in depth

not exceeding 3 feet from the

natural surface level.

13c The lessee shall not carry on surface

operations in any area prohibited by any

authority, without obtaining prior permission in

writing from the concerned authority.

Within the mine lease area, the

prohibited area/ no mining zone

have been delineated in the

approved mine plan. The

project proponent shall ensure

that such areas are precluded

from mining activities.

19 No river/stream bed mining shall be allowed

within 75 m from the periphery of soil

conservation works, nursery plantation, and

check dams or within the distance as

recommended by the sub-divisional committee,

whichever is more.

Neither any soil conservation

works nor any nursery

plantation exists within 75 m

from the extremities of lease

area. The project authorities

have created a few spurs in

order to channelize the khad.


within 1/5th of its span or 5m from the bank or

as specified by the sub-divisional committee,

whichever is more.

It has been ensured in the

approved mine plan that there is

no mining within 1/5th of its span

or 5m from the bank.

21 No River/Stream bed mining shall be allowed

within 500 m u/s and d/s of water supply

scheme.

No water supply scheme / LISS

is existent within 200 m u/s and

d/s of the lease area

extremities.


within 200m u/s and 200 to 500 m d/s of

bridges depending upon the site-specific

conditions

It has been ensured in the

approved mine plan that there is

no bridge within 200m u/s and

d/s of either extremities of the

mine.

24 No mechanical excavators are allowed for the

extraction of mineral

The approved working cum

environmental management

plan does not envisaged use of

mechanical excavators.

25 No boulder/cobbles/hand broken road ballast

shall be allowed to be transported outside the

state from river/stream beds

The riverbed mine is the captive

mine of BVPCL and the material

extracted out of mine shall be

exclusively used for works of




UHL Stage – III HEP.

26 No digging for more than 3 feet shall be

allowed in river/stream beds

The mining plan itself

envisages, excavation in depth

not exceeding 3 feet from the

natural surface level.

28 The lessee/contractor shall ensure that his

labour does not involve in fish poaching.

The project proponent or the

agency engaged by it mining

activities shall strictly ensure

that there is no involvement of

labour in fish poaching within

the mine lease area.

29 No blasting shall be allowed in river/stream

beds

No blasting is proposed to be

carried out for extraction of the

material.

30 The lease holder shall submit working cum

environment management plan before the

execution of the lease deed

Approved from Industries

Department, Govt. of HP,

Geological Wing, Udyog

Bhawan Shimla -1 vide letter

UDYOG – BHU (KHANI-4)

LAGHU-677/05/5894 DATED

18/07/2005.

32 The natural course of river should not be

disturbed. The lessee shall raise retaining

structure where the bank i.e. susceptible to soil

erosion

As a protection against bank the

bank erosion due to mining

activity, the bank prone to

erosion shall be retained by

providing retaining wall. The

provision for which has been

earmarked in the EMP.

34 Any waste material arising out of mining

operation such as some pieces grit tec. has to

be back filled for replenishment of mine areas.

Mining operation shall be carried out in such a

way that no debris is rolled down into river &

banks shall be protected by wire crates

structures / retaining walls.

Mining shall be carried out

scientifically as entailed in the

working cum environmental

management plan.

37 The lessee shall raise suitable plants in and

around the area degraded due to excavation

operation in order to maintain ecological

The plantation as proposed in

the mining plan shall be carried

out as per annual plantation




balance. programme

2.12. Statutory / Necessary Approvals.

The NOC from the concerned village Panchayat for implementing the project, NOC from

the IPH department for permitting use of drinking water supply of local village and the

approved working cum environmental management plan as approved by the Geological

wing of Department of Industries, Himachal Pradesh have been annexed as Annexure IV,

V and VI respectively



EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 40

CHAPTER 3. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1. Introduction

For the description of baseline environmental scenario, the proposed mine lease area

(2.734 ha) has been considered as the core zone. The mine lease area exhibits an

irregular polygonal shape thus to arrive at a more reasonable study, the buffer area that

falls within 10 km radius from the extremities of the proposed mine lease area has been

adopted. The “buffer” study area covers a spatial extent of 314.09 sq km around the

mine lease area covering the core zone within it. Therefore, the buffer zone having core

zone within it, is referred to as the study area for determination of baseline status.

The existing environmental setting is considered to assess and define the present

baseline environment, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological

aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality and ecology. It would help in

assessing the cumulative environmental impacts due to the proposed project.

As per ToR collection of one season (Non-Monsoon) primary baseline data on

environmental parameters i.e. Ambient Air Quality (PM10, SO2 and NOx), water quality,

Noise level, Soil, flora and fauna and site specific meteorological data has to be done.

This report incorporates the baseline data generated through primary surveys during

January 2013 to March 2013 covering one season i.e. winter. The study area, covered

under SoI Toposheets 53A/9,53A/13, 43D/12 and D/16 on 1:50000 scale, is shown in

Figure 3.1 and the satellite image of the study area covering 10 km radius is shown in

Figure 3.2.




Figure 3.1 : Topographic Map of Study Area




Figure 3.2 : Satellite Imagery of study area

3.1.2. Methodology

Standard methodologies have been followed in developing the base line report. The

methodology adopted for the study is outlined below:

Conducting reconnaissance surveys for understanding the study area; and

Selecting sampling locations for conducting various environment baseline studies.

The sampling locations have been selected on the basis of the following:

Predominant wind directions recorded by the Indian Meteorological Department

(IMD) observatory at Dharamshala;

Existing topography;

Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like lakes/ponds,

rivers and streams;

Locations of villages / towns / sensitive areas; and

Areas, which represent baseline conditions.

The field observations have been used to:




Assess the positive and negative impacts due to the proposed project;

Suggest appropriate mitigation measures for remediating the adverse

environmental impacts, if any; and

Suggesting post-project monitoring requirements and suitable mechanism for it.

3.2. Topography and Drainage

3.2.1. Core Zone

3.2.1.1 Topography

The proposed mining lease area, covered in the Toposheets No. 53 A/13, lies in the

inner Himalayas (Western) in Tehsil Joginder Nagar of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

approximately 66 km from the district headquarter, Mandi, exhibits mountainous

topography. The core zone entirely lies in the riverbed of Rana Khad and is Forest land.

The lease area lies within sinuous path of Rana Khad characterized by presence of

shoal deposits at inner curves where the river energy is reduced. The highest and the

lowest altitudes in the ML area is 900 and 890.00 masl respectively. The riverbed slope

in the lease area is 9.1m / km.

3.2.1.2 Land Use/ Land Cover

The mine lease area (Core zone), falling in Bagla Panchyat, has been categorised as

Gairmumnkin Khad in the revenue records of the district. The landuse of the core area is

river body flowing in forest land for diversion of which permission has already been

accorded vide MoEF Letter No. 9-HPC410/2005-CHA/10458 Dated 2-11-2007

(Annexure – II). The landuse of the mine area (core zone) shall continue to be river

body, being replenished annually, even during operation and post operation (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1 : Land Use Details of Core Zone

S. No. Land Use

Area (ha)

At Present After five years Post operational

1. Waterbody 2.734 2.734 2.734

3.2.1.3 Soil

The soil of the core zone belongs to soil map unit 77 being soils of sides and reposed

slopes (NBSS Publication-57, H.P.). These are deep, well drained, thermic, coarse-

loamy-skeletal soils on very gentle slopes with loamy surface, moderate erosion and

moderate stoniness; associated with: Deep, well drained, fine-loamy soils with loamy




surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically they belong to group sub-group Typic

Udorthents/Dystric Eutrochrepts.

3.2.1.4 Drainage

Drainage is the single most entity, which defines the network and evolution of rivers.

Rana khad is a 4th order stream during its course through mine lease area till its

confluence with Neri khad which is again a 3rd order stream downstream of Machyal.

Within the mine lease area Laban Khad, over which an aqueduct is under construction,

meets Rana Khad on its left bank, whereas Balh nala meets it on the right bank, just d/s

of mine lease area. These two drains are spring fed and carry about 0.02 to 0.04 cumec

discharge during non-monsoon period and carry storm run-off during monsoon period.

3.2.2. Buffer Zone

3.2.2.1 Topography

Like core zone, the buffer zone area in 10 km radius from the centre of mine lease area

represent mountainous terrain with regional slope towards southeast. The maximum and

minimum elevation varies from 2700 masl near Devidhar and 740 masl near Basehr

respectively. The Digital Elevation Map (DEM) of the study area is shown in Figure 3.3

and the slope map is shown in Figure 3.4.




Figure 3.3 : DEM of the Study Area




Figure 3.4 : Slope Map of the Study Area




3.2.2.2 Land Use/Land cover

The land use map of the study area, depicted in Figure 3.5. The statistics illustrated in

Table 3.2, reveals that the predominant land use class is dense forest (50.81%) followed

by open forest 19.93%), agriculture (17.58%) and settlement (9.63) of the total study

area (314.09 sq. km).

Table 3.2 : Land use details of study area

S. No. Land use Class Area (sq.km) Percentage of Total Area (%)

1. Dense Forest 159.60 50.81

2. Open Forest 62.60 19.93

3. Settlement 30.25 9.63

4. Barren land 1.20 0.40

5. Water body 5.20 1.65

6. Agricultural land 55.24 17.58

Total 314.09 100




Figure 3.5 : Land use Map of Study Area




3.2.2.3 Soil

The soil resource map of HP (NBSS Publication No 57) has been used in the present

study. The soil is predominantly fine to coarse loamy soil. The soil of the area belongs to

those of lesser Himalayas having map units 51, 53, 56, 59 (Soils of Side / Reposed

Slope), 64 (Soils of Fluvial valley) and Soils of Shiwaliks having Map Unit 77, 79, 82

being soil of side and reposed slopes. The characteristics of these soils are described

hereunder:

Soils of Side / Reposed Slope

Soil Unit 51

Soil belonging to map unit 51 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the study area. These

soils are Deep, well drained, thermic, fine-loamy soils on very steep slopes with loamy

surface and severe erosion; associated with Medium deep, well drained, fine-loamy soils

with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the soils are classified as Typic

Udorthents and Dystric Eutorchrepts.

Soil Unit 53


soils are Shallow, well drained, thermic, loamy soils on very steep slopes with loamy

surface and very severe erosion; associated with Medium deep, well drained, course-

loamy soils with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the soils are

classified as Lithic Udorthents and Typic Udorthents

Soil Unit 56


soils are Shallow, excessively drained, thermic loamy soils on very steep slopes with

loamy surface and severe erosion; associated with Medium deep to deep, well drained,

fine-loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soils are classified as Lithic

Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts.

Soil Unit 59


soils are deep, well drained, thermic, fine-loamy, calcareous soils on moderately steep

slopes with loamy surface and severe erosion; associated with deep, well drained,




coarse-loamy soils with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the soils are

classified as Lithic Eutrochrepts and Dystric Eutrochrepts.

Soils on Fluvial valley

Soil Unit 64

Soil belonging to map unit 64 are soils of fluvial valley in the study area. These soils are

medium deep, well drained, thermic coarse-loamy soils on Moderate slopes with loamy

surface and moderate erosion; associated with shallow, excessively drained, coarse

loamy, calcareous soils with loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the

soils are classified as Typic Udorthents and Typic Udifluvents.

Soils of Side / Reposed Slope

Soil Unit 77

Soil belonging to map unit 77 are soils of side / reposed slopes in the lease area. These

soils are deep, somewhat excessively drained, thermic, coarse loamy soils on gentle

slopes with loamy surface and moderate erosion; associated with deep, well drained,

fine – loamy soils with loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soils are

classified as Typic Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts.

Soil Unit 79


soils are Medium Deep, well drained , thermic, loamy skeletal soils on moderately steep

slopes with loamy surface and moderate erosion; associated with Medium deep , well

drained, fine – loamy soils with loamy surface and severe erosion. Taxonomically the

soils are classified as Typic Udorthents.

Soil Unit 82


soils are Deep, moderately well drained, thermic, fine-loamy soils on moderate slopes

with loamy surface and moderate erosion; associated with Medium deep, well drained,

couarse-loamy soils with loamy surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soils

are classified as Typic Udorthents and Dystric Eutrochrepts.

The soil map of the area, presented in Figure 3.6, depicts the spatial distribution of the

soil.




Figure 3.6 : Soil Map of Study Area




3.2.2.4 Rivers in study area

Rana Khad is a right bank tributary of river Beas which forms part of Indus Basin. Rana

Khad, also called as Bajgar khad in head reach, originates in the inner Himalayas

(Dhauladhar Mountains) at an altitude of 3122 masl near a place called Daroti Simana

and flows in North southerly direction. Near village Aiwara it is joined by Sukkar khad on

its right bank. Another drainage (Gugli khad) which carry substantial discharge and is

perennial meets about 1km upstream of the old wooden bridge leading to Bagh village.

Rana khad is a (3rd order stream) during its course through mine lease area till its

confluence with Neri khad (3rd order stream) downstream of Machyal, where after it

turns as 4th order stream. About 2.5 kms downstream of Machyal it is joined by Luni

khad, a 4th order stream, Eventually Rana khad confluences with the Beas river on its

right bank near village Thana.

3.2.2.5 Catchment Area

The length of Rana khad from its source (EL 3122 masl) up to Bagla mine site (EL 890

masl) is 21.3 km and the intercepted catchment area is 98.90 square kilometer. The

Catchment has a shape of broad leaf as is evident from Figure 3.7.




Figure 3.7 : Catchment Area Map of Rana Khad upto G&D site Bagla




3.2.2.6 River bed Slope

From its origin at EL 3122 masl to Bagla mine site (EL 890 masl), the khad negotiates a

total fall of about 2222 m thus implying that the average river bed slope is 104.81 m/km.

The riverbed L-section of Rana khad from its origin to bagla mine site showing the zone

of degradation and aggradation is shown in Figure 3.8.It is evident that the khad shows a

fall of 322m in 1.2km initial stretch from RD 22.2 km to 21 km and a fall of 1000m from

RD 21 km to 15.0 km. A fall of 800m is negotiated in about 10km length from RD 15 km

to 5.35 km. A fall of about 102.35m is negotiated in the last 4.35m km stretch of the river

which is characterized by sinuous path having low rapids and pools. In this reach the

deposition of river born material takes place in the form of shoal deposits. The riverbed

is strewn with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand. In such high gradient reaches, high

velocities exceeding 5m / sec are developed. Larger particles such as boulders and

pebbles are eroded at velocities exceeding 3m/sec, which is called the line of critical

velocity. When the velocity fall below the critical velocity particles will be deposited or

transported instead of being eroded depending upon the rivers energy. As the velocity of

flow of river further decrease, again particles are not deposited but are transported d/s.

Boulders are deposited quickly with the decrease in velocity and after that as the size or

the particles decreases the longer it is transported. Particles of size 1mm are deposited

even at 0.1m / sec velocity. Sand is relatively easily eroded and moved at velocities 0.2

m / sec, as these do not coagulate. Clays and final silt stay afloat even when the velocity

is near to naught




Figure 3.8 : Longitudinal Section of Rana Khad (at Bagla Site)

3.2.2.7 Drainage Pattern

Drainage is the single most entity, which defines the network antecedent river. The

drainage map of the study area is given in Figure 3.9. The rivulets /nadi in the study

area confluencing with Rana Khad from right is Sukar Khad and from left Gugli, Neri and

Luni Khad. The drainage pattern of the area may be classified into following classes.

3.2.2.7.1 Gross Trellis

The trellis drainage pattern is normally developed in the hillside slopes and usually

aligned along the strike of the rock formation. The softer rocks like phyllitic slates exhibit

such drainage. The trellis drainage pattern is well developed in the terraces and lower

most reaches of the valley. The majority of the area possesses a dendritic to sub-

dendritic drainage containing irregular branching of the smaller tributaries. The

closeness of these small branches is depending on the permeability of the underlying

rocks and the amount and nature of precipitation. It is the most common drainage

pattern of hillside slopes of the study area.

3.2.2.7.2 Gross Radial, Local Annular

The radial drainage pattern is a characteristic feature of the high altitudinal zone

specially the summit surfaces. Litho logically, these areas are constituted by the

resistant and impervious rocks with steep slopes. The sub-parallel drainage pattern

Zone of Erosion Zone

Depos

-ition




comprises a series of streams which run approximately parallel to each other. They are

evolved in areas of uniformly dipping rocks.

3.2.2.7.3 Gross Sub-Parallel, Local Sub-Rectangular

The major river in the study area is antecedent in nature. The sinuosity, braiding and

meandering in the river course is generally noticed, although at some places, they are

straight and narrow. Due to the increase of the drainage area and the discharge, the

river valley becomes wider in downstream side with generally flattened gradient.




Figure 3.9 : Drainage Map of the Study Area




3.3. Geology and Hydrogeology

3.3.1. Regional Geology

Project area falls in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh covered in toposheet No. 53

A/13. The rock types encountered around the project site include sandstone, siltstones,

claystones, clayshales and boulder conglomerate. Due to differential weathering, the

rock masses show well-marked topographic expressions with bold projecting ridges of

competent bands alternated with narrow furrows along wasker or incompetent members.

High-level gravel terraces occur on the bands of Rana Khad. The geological succession

of the formations in and around the Mine lease area is given in Table 3.3:

Table 3.3 : Geological succession of the formations in and around the Mine lease area

Age Formation Lithology

Recent to Sub-Recent Fluvio-glacial sand, silt,

terrace gravels etc.

Pliestocene Upper Silwalik Boulder conglomerate

sandstone, sandrock,

siltstone with minor

clayshale and clay-stone

---------------------------------- Palampur Thrust ---------------------------------

Eocene to Lower Miocene Dharamshala Interbedded sandstone,

siltstone, clayshale,

claystone etc.

---------------------------------- Shali Thrust (Main Boundary

Fault)

----------------------------------

The Mine site is located in the schuppen belt, exposing the Dharamshala and the Siwalik

formations in closely faulted strips where the individual fault blocks from homocline. The

regional strike of rock formations vary from N 100 W-S 100E to N400 W – S400E and the

dip is of the order of 400 to 750 towards easterly direction. In the bed portion of Rana

Khad, the rock is covered by alluvial over burden barring a few small exposures of sand

stone and clay stone on the right side of the channel. The regional geology map of

Himachal Pradesh is shown in Figure 3.10.




Figure 3.10 : Regional geology map of Himachal Pradesh




3.3.2. Geology and sub-surface geology of the Area

The mine lease area lies in lesser Himalayas and forms part of Rana Khad which

passess through manygeological formations comprising mostly of granite quartzite,

siltstone, shale and Phyllite. Therefore, the lease area has boulders, sand and bajri of

these formations. During the sub surface geological exploration for the UHL Stage-III

project the project proponent drilled hole (35.6m deep) in the center of the Rana Khad

near Aqueduct site lying in mine lease area balh. The geological log of the drill hole

showns that the over burden mainly consist of fluvial deposits, boulders, gravels, sand

and sil of granite and quartzite upto a depth varying from 9.5 m to 18.28 m. The starta

underneath below 18.28 to 36.58 m comprises of sand stone and siltstone. The

geological map of the mine lease area is shown in Figure 3.11.

890

895

895.96

900

902.77

905

904.77

902.66

906.30

906.68908.83

910915920

920.88

927.28

927.69

928.88

914.48914.99

920

915

910

905

910

915

903.5

9

916.75

920

920908.05

915

905910

HFL

LWL

HFL

900

899

898.74

896.6

0

897.88

897.80

899.67898.85

898.28

899.30

903.38

905

902.3

6PATH

905.6

95

901.4

1

KUHL

900.

96

902.367

901.5

7

901.5

1

901.

69

900

899.6

9

898.05

895

890.80

895

890.56

890

894.84896.370 893.20

893.35

897.10

892.25

895.95

895.25 896.03893.796

894.78

895

898.86

895.51

895.51

897.05

880

893.00

893.38892.68

891.72

891.51

891.68

890PATH891.42 891.33

LWL

LWL

889.78

889.80887.36

889.05

BOULDER

ROAD

ROAD

RANA KHAD

HFL

HFL898.45

B/WALL

R/WALL

905

894.16

LEASE BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY PILLAR

CONTOUR

RIVER/KHAD

HFL/LWL

METALED ROAD

15th WIDTH OF KHAD

FOOT PATH

BUILDING

DRY NALA/KHAD

PROHIBITED LAND

EXISTING TREE

LEGEND

N

31°57'50''

`A

B

C

D

E

FG

I

K

H

J

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

31°57'50''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

31°57'55'' 31°57'55''

GEOLOGICAL PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITED DART-BAGLA

SCALE 1:2500

CONTOUR INTERVAL 5m

Figure 3.11 : Geological Map of mine lease area

3.3.3. Hydrogeology




The rock formations occupying the district range from pre-Cambrian to Quaternary

period. Hard formations forming hilly and mountainous terrain mainly comprises of

igneous and metamorphic rocks belonging to the Jutogh, Shali/ Largi and Shimla group

& occupy the major part of the area in the northern, central and eastern part. Granite and

gneisses are intruded in the meta-sediments of Shali/ Largi and Shimla group. In the

western and southern part sediments comprising sandstone, shale, siltstone,

conglomerate etc of Dharamshala/Sabathu group and Siwallik group of Tertiary age are

observed. Alluvium, terrace deposits, fluvial deposits of Quaternary period occur in the

intermontane valleys, viz., Bahl valley, Sarkaghat valley etc., and constitute an important

unit from ground water point view.

Hydrogeologically, the district is divided into two distinct & well-defined units viz. porous

formations constituted by unconsolidated sediments and the fissured formations or

hard rock formation constituted mainly by semi-consolidated to consolidated rock units.

The Hydrogeological map of Mandi district is depicted in Figure 3.12.

The fissured formation includes the semi-consolidated to consolidated (hard) rocks

exposed in the district and are of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous origin. These

form low and high hill ranges through the district. Fractured and jointed sandstone,

siltstone forms low potential aquifer in the area. In general weathered and fractured hard

formation in favorable hydromorphic areas form aquifer. Fracture zones and contact

zones form the important aquifers in the topographic low areas with poor to moderate

yields.

The unconsolidated sediments comprising fluvial, channel deposits, valley fills and

terrace deposits and alluvial fan constitute the porous aquifers in the district. These

sediments consist of sand, gravels, cobbles, pebbles and boulders interlayered with clay

beds. These sediments form prolific aquifer.

Hydro-geologically the study is comprised of Siwalaik & Subathu Group (Semi-

consolidated). In the study area, fracture or fault zones form potential ground water

zones. Ground water appears in the form of springs and also from the infiltration due to

application of irrigation water and seepages from water utilized for domestic uses. At

places shallow boreholes fitted with hand pumps have been constructed to develop

ground water. The yield of springs and shallow bore wells constructed along the fault /

fracture / contact zones varies between 2 to 10 lps.




Figure 3.12 : Hydrogeological Map of Mandi district

3.4. Meteorology

The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful proper

interpretation of the baseline information, surrounding area for air dispersion. Historical

data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the

general meteorological regime of the region.

The climate of the district is sub-tropical in the valleys and tends to be temperate on the

hilltops. In the higher region, the climate remains cold throughout the year. The winter




snow often comes down to 1300 m amsl. Normally it melts from the end of March from

the places lying below 3300 m. In summer, the whole Bahl valley and other low altitude

are quite hot.

The winter starts from the middle of November and continues till the end of March.

Thereafter the mercury continues rising till the set of Monsoon which starts from the last

week of June or early July and continues till the middle of September. During October

and November, the nights are pleasant whereas the days are a bit hot. Average

minimum and maximum temperature in the district varies from 3° C to 35° C.

The district receives precipitation in the form of rainfall, mainly during the monsoon

period from July to September. The average annual rainfall in the district is about 1136

mm with 55 to 75 average rainy days. Annual average rainfall in the district is highly

variable and ranges from 700 to more than 2000 mm at Joginder nagar. The winter snow

often comes down to 1300 meter. Normally, it melts from the end of March from the

places lying below 3300 meter.

3.4.1. Methodology

The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observation is as per the standard

norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India Meteorological

Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological

variables in order to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected every hour

continuously from 1st January 2013 to 31st March 2013 covering winter season.

3.4.1.1 Methodology of Data Generation

The Monitoring Station equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed at

a height of 10 m above ground level to record wind speed, direction and temperature.

The meteorological monitoring station was located in such a way that it is free from any

obstructions and as per the guidelines specified under IS: 8829. Cloud cover was

recorded by visual observation.

3.4.1.2 Sources of Information

Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest

IMD stations at Mandi and Dharamshala located about 66 km and 80km from the mine

site in SE and NW direction respectively. In view of the fact that the mine lease area is

near to the boundary of the Kangra district, as compared to the IMD observatory Mandi,

the climate of Kangra district has more influence and bearing on the climate of the study




area. The available meteorological data of IMD Dharamshala, has been analyzed and

summarized as follows.

3.4.2. Presentation of Data

3.4.2.1 Meteorological Data Recorded at IMD, Dharamshala

The meteorological data was collected from the IMD - Dharamshala, located at EL 1211

masl, which has more pronounced effect on the project site. The data collected from IMD

includes wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The monthly maximum,

minimum and average values are collected for all the parameters except wind speed. All

these parameters are recorded twice a day viz at 0830 and 1730 hours. The collected

data is tabulated in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 : Climatological Data Station: IMD, Dharamshala (1960-1990)

Month

Temperature (OC) Relative Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Mean

Wind

Speed

(kmph)

Cloud Cover

(Oktas of sky)

Mean

Max Mean Min 8:30 17:30

Monthly

(mm)

Rainy

Days 8:30 17:30

January 14.6 5.6 61 58 93.3 5.1 4 3.6 4.2

February 16.2 7.1 58 54 108.4 5.9 4.9 3.9 4.6

March 20.8 11.1 50 46 112 6.3 4.7 3.8 4.7

April 26.1 15.8 45 37 55 4.5 4.9 3.2 4.4

May 30 19.4 40 33 72.5 5.1 5.6 2.4 3.8

June 31 21.3 55 49 233.3 10.2 4.4 3.2 4.3

July 27.2 20.4 81 78 868.8 21.3 3.3 5.7 6

August 26.4 20 85 84 843.8 22 2.8 5.7 6.3

Septembe

r 26.4 18.3 76 74 322.5

11.9 3.2 3.4 4.9

October 24.9 14.8 60 54 41.3 2.7 3.5 1.3 2.6

November 20.8 10.3 56 52 21.5 1.4 3.4 1.7 2.3

December 16.6 6.9 58 57 61.2 3.2 3.4 3 3.3

Mean 23.4 14.3 60 56 4 3.4 4.3

Total rainfall/Rainy days 2833.6 99.6

3.4.2.2 Meteorological Data Generated at Site

The meteorological parameters have been recorded on hourly basis during the study

period from Jan 2013 to March 2013 and the parameters recorded at site include wind

speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.

3.4.3. Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions




3.4.3.1 Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD-Dharamshala

1] Temperature

The winter season starts from Middle of November and continues till end of March.

December, January and February are the coolest months. Both the night and day

temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of pre-monsoon season from April to

May. The mean maximum and minimum temperature have been recorded in June

(310C) and January (5.60C) respectively. The extreme minimum and maximum

temperature recorded are 38.30C (8/6/1973) and -1.90C (21/1/1990).

2] Relative Humidity

The air is generally humid during the monsoon season and the weather during other

seasons was observed to be dry. The relative humidity during August at 08:30 hr was

observed to be around 85% and at 17:30 hr, was observed to be in the range of 84%.

The minimum relative humidity was observed during May at 08:30 hr and 17:30 hr as

40% and 33% respectively.

3] Rainfall

The average annual rainfall based on the 30 year IMD data, was recorded to be 2833.6

mm. The monsoon sets in the month of June and continues till September. The

maximum amount of rainfall (868.8 mm) occurs in the month of July followed by August

843.8 mm. The maximum number of rainy days was observed in the month of August

(22 days) while the rainfall occurs approximately 100 days annually. The heaviest rainfall

have been recorded as 316.9 mm (6/8/1958). The average rainfall during monsoon

period has been recorded as 2268.4mm which is 80% of the annual rainfall.

5] Cloud Cover

During the winter and the pre-monsoon seasons, it was observed that the skies were

generally very clear. In the post-monsoon season, generally light clouds were observed

in the evenings, with clear mornings. During the monsoon season, both in the morning

and evenings, the skies were found to be generally clouded.

6] Wind Speed / Direction

Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year with speed ranging from 1

to 19 kmph. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours, while




during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. The season wise recorded

respective wind pattern is given as below:

A) Wind Pattern during Pre-Monsoon Season

0830 -hr

A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from N

and NE direction.

1730-hr

A review of the windrose diagram showed predominant wind occurring mostly from SW

direction followed by SW and W directions.

B) Wind Pattern during Monsoon Season

0830-hr

A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from NE

direction followed by E direction.

1730-hr

A review of the windrose diagram shown predominant winds are mostly from SW

direction followed by W direction.

C) Wind Pattern during Post-Monsoon Season

0830-hr


direction followed by N direction.

1730-hr

A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from SW

direction followed by W direction.

D) Wind Pattern during Winter Season

0830-hr


direction followed by N direction.




1730-hr

A review of the wind rose diagram showed predominant winds occurring mostly from SW

direction followed by W.

3.4.3.2 Observations on Primary Data

The site specific data for the study period in respect of temperature, humidity and rainfall

is presented in Table 3.5.

1. Temperature

Maximum temperature of 25.9 OC (March 2013) and minimum temperature of 7.1 OC

(January 2013) was recorded during the study period January 2013 to March 2013.

2. Relative Humidity

Maximum and minimum relative humidity observed during February 2013 and March

2013, was 63% and 34% respectively.

3. Rainfall

A total of 342.5 mm of rainfall was observed during the study period. The maximum

monthly rainfall of 158 mm was recorded during February 2013. The monthly rainfall

data for year 2012 is presented in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 : Monthly Rain Fall Data Observed at Joginder Nagar Tehsil (2012)

Month Rain Fall Data (in mm)

January, 2012 132.7

February, 2012 77

March, 2012 41

April, 2012 103.5

May, 2012 27

June, 2012 53.5

July, 2012 926.5

August, 2012 781.1

September, 2012 445.1

October, 2012 18

November, 2012 8

December, 2012 40

Total 2653.4




4. Cloud Cover

The cloudy skies were observed mostly during the month of February and March.

5. Wind Speed / Direction

The wind rose diagram developed during winter (January 2013 to march 2013) shown in

Figure 3.13 reveals that pre-dominant wind direction occurs mostly from south-west

direction and mean wind speed is 1.45 kmph and the maximum speed observed was

12.2 kmph.




Table 3.6 : Site Specific Meteorological Data

Day

Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13

Temperature (OC)

Humidity

(%)

Rainfall

(mm)

Temperature

(OC)

Humidity

(%)

Rainfall

(mm)

Temperature

(OC)

Humidity

(%)

Rainfall

(mm)

Max. Min. 8:30 17:30 Max. Min. 8:30 17:30 Max. Min. 8:30 17:30

1 17.2 9 61 54 0 16 7.9 59 52 0 19.4 11.9 50 43 0

2 17.1 8.7 61 53 0 15.5 8.1 58 52 0 20.7 12.4 52 43 0

3 17.1 8 61 52 0 15 8 58 51 0 21 12.6 53 45 0

4 15.2 8.2 58 53 0 14.2 7.2 57 50 26 21.4 13.2 53 45 0

5 15.3 8.3 58 53 0 14.4 7.5 59 52 16 22.8 14.3 55 47 0

6 15.4 7.7 59 51 0 14.7 7.7 58 52 46 22.4 14.4 54 48 0

7 15.4 8.3 59 53 0 17.2 8.9 61 54 4 23.4 15.2 55 47 0

8 15.2 7.9 58 53 0 17.5 9.2 62 54 0 22.7 14.9 50 48 0

9 14.7 7.6 57 51 0 17.4 9.5 62 56 0 22.8 14.8 50 48 0

10 15.3 7.8 58 52 0 17.5 9.6 63 56 0 23 15 52 42 0

11 15.9 7.5 59 50 0 16.7 9.9 61 56 0 23.2 15.3 48 43 0

12 15.8 7.4 59 50 0 17.8 9.7 63 56 0 22.7 14.8 47 42 0

13 15.5 7.3 58 50 2 17.3 9.2 61 54 0 25 16.8 51 47 0

14 15.7 7.2 59 50 0 16.2 8.7 59 52 0 22.3 15.2 49 42 41

15 16 7.5 59 53 0 15.9 8.5 59 52 0 21.5 19.8 45 44 7.5

16 15.2 7.7 58 52 0 16 8.2 59 50 6 22.7 15.7 48 43 0

17 14.4 7.3 60 50 0 17.5 9.3 62 54 4 23.2 16.2 47 43 0

18 14.6 7.4 61 53 24 18.2 10.7 57 50 2 23.6 16.7 48 43 0

19 14.6 7.1 61 57 33 18.5 11 59 52 0 22.7 15.6 48 41 0

20 14.7 7.6 62 59 0 19.4 11.4 54 52 0 22.9 15.2 45 39 0

21 14.9 7.8 58 53 0 18.9 11.2 54 48 0 23.3 16.7 46 41 0




22 15 7.4 58 51 0 19.2 12 54 48 2 24.8 17.2 47 45 0

23 14.5 7.7 57 52 0 19.1 13.2 54 53 12 25.9 18.5 49 46 0

24 15 8 58 52 0 20.5 14.1 56 52 12 25.6 18.3 47 45 38

25 15.1 7.1 58 50 0 21.8 14.8 57 53 0 25.5 17.5 48 43 26

26 15.1 8.1 59 52 0 22.8 15.2 59 54 0 25.4 17.3 48 43 0

27 15.2 8 59 53 0 18.7 11.4 53 52 13 25.5 17.4 48 45 0

28 15.2 8.2 59 54 0 18.9 10.8 54 50 15 25.5 17.2 48 43 0

29 15.1 7.9 58 52 0 - 24.8 17.2 47 39 12

30 15.3 7.5 59 53 0 - 24.4 16.8 46 39 1

31 15.4 7.8 59 52 0 - 25 17.1 47 34 0

Maximum 17.2 22.8 25.9

Minimum

7.1

7.2

11.9

Total

Rainfall 59

158

125.5




Figure 3.13 : Site Specific Windrose Diagram (Winter)

3.5. Air Quality

The study area represents mostly rural environment. The ambient air quality with respect

to the study zone of 10-km radius around the mine site forms the baseline information.

The various sources of air pollution in the region are traffic, urban and rural activities.

This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air

quality during the mine operation.




This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for

sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.

3.5.1. Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey

3.5.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically

designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the

air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis;

Topography of the study area;

Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline

status; and

Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up at five locations with due

consideration to the above mentioned points. The location of the selected stations with

reference to the project site and details of environmental setting around each monitoring

station are given in Table 3.7 and Figure 3.14.

Table 3.7 : Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Station

Code Name of the Station

Distance from

the Mine

boundary (km)

Direction

w.r.t. the

centre of

Mine Site

Environmental

Setting /

Justification

A-1 Mine Site, Rana Khad - - River bed / Rural

A-2 Dalana 0.4 SW Rural/Residential

A-3 Jalpehr 2.0 NE Rural/Residential

A-4 Tikru 1.5 NW Rural/Residential

A-5 Bagla 0.8 SE Rural/Residential




Figure 3.14 : Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations




3.5.1.2 Frequency, Duration And Parameters For Sampling

The duration of sampling of Total Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10), Sulphur dioxide

(SO2), and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) was carried out continuous for twenty four hourly

per day. The monitoring was conducted for two days in a week for three months of

winter month i.e. January 2013 to March 2013. This is to allow a comparison with the

present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (May 20, 1994).

3.5.2. Presentation of Primary Data

The survey results for the three months study period (January 2013 to March 2013) are

presented in detail in Table 3.8. Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, mean,

maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed data for all the

AAQ monitoring stations. The mineral composition of the PM10 for silica content was

carried out and it was found to range between 1.8 – 2.4 µg/m3.




Table 3.8 : Ambient Air Quality results (µg/m3)

Project Site (A-1) Dalana (A-2) Jalpehr (A-3) Tikru (A-4) Bagla (A-5)

Date

PM

10 SO₂ NOx Date

PM

10 SO₂ NOx

PM

10 SO₂ NOx

PM

10 SO₂ NOx Date

PM

10 SO₂ NOx

03/04.01.13 46.4 6.3 13.4 06/07.01.13 55.2 7.1 18.8 56.8 7.7 15.9 45.9 5.5 14.3 02/03.01.13 45.4 6.8 14.0

05/06.01.13 40.5 7.8 12.3 08/09.01.13 58.1 6.3 15.9 46.8 6.8 13.3 43.2 6.2 11.7 04/05.01.13 41.1 8.3 11.5

10/11.01.13 35.7 8.1 17.4 13/14.01.13 52.8 8.9 15.3 57.8 6.2 14.8 44.0 6.6 12.3 09/10.01.13 35.6 8.6 12.6

12/13.01.13 44.6 6.8 14.8 15/16.01.13 57.4 7.7 17.7 57.4 6.5 14.4 41.6 7.0 12.5 11/12.01.13 44.4 7.3 15.0

17/18.01.13 48.3 5.1 11.2 20/21.01.13 53.6 7.0 18.6 53.4 7.3 16.1 45.2 6.1 11.8 16/17.01.13 50.6 5.6 14.4

19/20.01.13 50.6 6.4 11.9 22/23.01.13 48.8 6.8 16.8 50.5 8.0 18.0 40.7 6.3 14.6 18/19.01.13 52.2 6.9 11.8

24/25.01.13 41.8 7.0 14.8 27/28.01.13 52.6 7.6 14.7 47.3 8.5 16.8 39.0 7.7 14.2 23/24.01.13 41.6 7.5 15.3

26/27.01.13 45.0 5.4 13.2 29/30.01.13 49.3 8.0 16.0 49.5 7.7 15.3 36.3 6.0 13.6 25/26.01.13 45.7 5.9 12.8

02/03.02.13 40.9 6.4 12.5 05/06.02.13 42.5 6.9 15.3 44.6 8.0 15.0 37.0 6.8 15.5 01/02.02.13 40.6 6.9 12.5

04/05.02.13 42.6 5.2 14.0 07/08.02.13 46.3 7.8 12.7 46.8 6.8 12.7 38.9 6.5 17.2 03/04.02.13 42.5 5.7 14.4

09/10.02.13 44.2 7.0 14.6 12/13.02.13 44.6 5.7 16.1 49.3 5.9 14.1 40.5 5.8 18.0 08/09.02.13 44.8 7.5 15.2

11/12.02.13 45.8 6.1 11.5 14/15.02.13 43.2 7.1 15.1 54.2 6.2 14.8 46.0 5.3 15.4 10/11.02.13 47.3 6.6 11.8

16/17.02.13 42.3 5.6 16.7 19/20.02.13 45.3 6.4 13.3 43.6 8.7 15.8 40.8 6.1 14.3 15/16.02.13 40.7 6.1 16.3

18/19.02.13 36.3 5.2 15.0 21/22.02.13 44.7 5.9 15.9 39.5 7.0 13.4 38.4 6.8 12.8 17/18.02.13 35.8 5.7 14.6

23/24.02.13 37.9 5.8 12.0 26/27.02.13 40.7 6.5 14.7 38.1 5.5 13.0 40.4 6.6 16.2 22/23.02.13 36.6 6.3 12.3

25/26.02.13 41.5 6.8 15.4 28.02/01/03.13 42.6 6.9 13.7 40.7 6.8 13.3 44.7 5.4 15.7 24/25.02.13 41.3 7.3 15.8

03/04.03.13 44.6 4.9 11.7 06/07.03.13 43.5 7.6 13.1 36.4 6.3 14.2 42.0 5.7 14.9 02/03.03.13 44.4 5.4 11.9

05/06.03.13 43.8 4.6 13.6 08/09.03.13 40.6 7.7 12.8 37.8 5.6 14.9 41.6 6.2 12.2 04/05.03.13 42.6 5.1 13.2

10/11.03.13 48.4 5.5 15.3 13/14.03.13 39.3 7.0 13.3 40.2 5.2 16.1 44.1 6.5 11.9 09/10.03.13 45.5 6.0 15.2

12/13.03.13 45.6 5.3 17.5 15/16.03.13 44.2 6.5 14.7 43.8 5.1 13.2 45.2 7.3 13.3 11/12.03.13 42.3 5.8 17.8

18/19.03.13 44.0 6.0 14.6 21/22.03.13 47.7 6.8 15.2 39.6 5.4 14.7 50.9 7.0 15.0 17/18.03.13 44.1 6.5 15.6

20/21.03.13 39.8 6.3 14.3 23/24.03.13 50.3 7.4 14.3 41.7 5.7 12.8 53.0 6.4 12.6 19.20.03.13 38.7 6.8 14.5




25/26.03.13 44.6 6.9 14.2 28/29.03.13 44.6 7.2 13.2 39.9 6.4 15.5 45.2 6.6 14.5 24/25.03.13 35.8 7.4 13.1

27/28.03.13 46.4 6.4 13.5 30/31.03.13 42.8 7.9 14.0 40.4 6.8 14.0 44.4 5.9 14.1 26/27.03.13 37.4 6.9 12.8

Max 50.6 8.1 17.5 Max 58.1 8.9 18.8 57.8 8.7 18.0 53.0 7.7 18.0 Max 52.2 8.6 17.8

Min 35.7 4.6 11.2 Min 39.3 5.7 12.7 36.4 5.1 12.7 36.3 5.3 11.7 Min 35.6 5.1 11.5

Mean 43.4 6.1 14.0 Mean 47.1 7.1 15.1 45.7 6.7 14.7 42.9 6.3 14.1 Mean 42.4 6.6 13.9

98

percentile 49.6 8.0 17.5 98 percentile 57.8 8.5 18.7 57.6 8.6 17.4 52.0 7.5 17.6

98

percentile 51.5 8.5 17.1

Free Silica Contents varies between 1.8 to 2.4 µg/m3




Interpretation of the results

The summary of these results for each location representing winter season are presented in

Table 3.9. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control

Board (CPCB) for rural /residential zone.

Core Zone – Mine Area (A1)

monitored in the Mine area showed 98th

percentile value of 49.6 µg/m3

98th percentile values of Sulphur dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen in the mine area

from the monitored data were 8.0 µg/m3 and 17.5 µg/m3 respectively.

Buffer Zone (Stations A-2 to A-5)

PM10 values monitored at 4 locations showed 98th percentile values in the range of

51 . 5 -57.80 µg/m3. Highest value of 57.8 µg/m3 was recorded at Dalana Village. However,

this value is well within the limits of NAAQ.

98th percentile value of Sulphur dioxide in the study area from the monitored data was

in the range of 7.5 – 8.6 µg/m3. Maximum value of 8.6 µg/m3 was obtained near the

sampling station located at Jalpehr village. The values of SO2 monitored in the study area

are well within the limits of NAAQ standards.

Ambient air quality status monitored for nitrogen oxides in the study area were in the range

with 98th percentile values between 17.1-18.7 µg/m3. A maximum value of 18.7 µg/m3

was prevailing at the time of sampling at village Dalana.

Results of the ambient air quality at all the above locations were found to be well within the

limits of National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards. Concentrations of, PM10, SO2

and NOx are mainly contributed due to vehicular traffic and local activities.

Table 3.9 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Code

Locations

PM10(µg/m3) SO2(µg/m

3) NOX(µg/m3)

Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean

A-1 Mine Site, Rana Khad 50.6 37.2 43.4 8.1 4.6 6.1 17.5 11.2 14.0




A-2 DalanaVillage 58.1 39.3 47.1 8.9 5.7 7.1 18.8 12.7 15.1

A-3 Jalpehr 57.8 36.4 45.7 8.7 5.1 6.7 18.0 12.7 14.7

A-4 Tikru 53.0 36.3 42.9 7.7 5.3 6.3 18.0 11.7 14.1

A-5 Bagla 52.2 35.6 42.4 8.6 5.1 6.6 17.8 11.5 13.9

3.6. Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10-km

radius of the study area has been studied to assess the water environment and evaluate

anticipated impact of the project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation

of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest

appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational

resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary

sources.

3.6.1. Methodology

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on:

Drainage pattern;

Location of residential areas representing different activities /likely impact areas; and

Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.

Two ground water and four surface water sources water sources in the study area were

examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to

assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples

were analyzed as per the procedures specified in “Standard Methods for the Examination of

Water and Wastewater” published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples colleted for

metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were




collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological

parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study

area. Parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were analysed on spot

at the time of sample collection.

3.6.2. Water Sampling Locations

Surface water samples were grabbed from four locations and ground water from two

locations which were analysed for various parameters to compare with the standards for

drinking water as per IS: 10500 for drinking water as well as IS: 2296 (Class C) for surface

water sources. The water sampling locations are identified in Table 3.10 and depicted in

Figure 3.15.

Figure 3.15 : Water Quality Sampling Locations

Table 3.10 : Water Sampling Locations

Code Location Distance from mine Site

(km)

Surface Water

SW1 Rana Khad u/s 0.1




SW2 Rana Khad d/s 0.5

SW3 Gugli Khad 2.0

Ground Water

GW1 Dalana 1.5

GW2 Tikru 2.0

3.6.3. Presentation of Results

The results of the water quality monitored during the study period representing winter season

for surface water and ground water samples are given in Table 3.11 to Table 3.12

respectively.

3.6.3.1 Interpretation of Surface Water Quality

The analysis results indicate neutral in nature as pH ranged between 6.78 – 7.48, which is

well within the range of 6.5 - 8.5 specified standard limit. The TDS was recorded to be ranged

between 100-120 mg/l which is well below the desirable limit of 500 mg/l. Dissolved Oxygen

was observed to be in the range of.7.8 – 8.7 mg/l respectively which indicate the surface

water quality is conducive for aquatic life. The Chlorides (ranging between 6.5 mg/l – 8.3mg/l)

and Sulphates (ranging between 9.4 mg/l – 11.5 mg/l) recorded were well within the

permissible limits (Chlorides 600 mg/l and sulphates 400 mg/l). It is evident from the above

values that all the parameters are found to comply with the requirements of IS: 2296

specification of surface water. Bacteriological studies reveal the presence of E. coliforms.

The Heavy metal content is found below detectable limits. The surface water quality is good

for fish culture, irrigation purpose and outdoor bathing except drinking water source with

conventional treatment.

3.6.3.2 Ground Water Quality

Most of the village in the project area have tap water supply mostly off taking from springs as

well as local springs nearby the village and residents of these villages make use of this water

for drinking and other domestic uses.

The analysis results indicate that the pH ranged between 6.9 to 8.13, which is well within the

specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5 limit. Total hardness was recorded to range from 40 to 55

mg/l, which is well within the permissible limits of 300 mg/l at all locations. The Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration recorded ranged between 110 to 130 mg/l that are and

found to be within the permissible limits at all the sampling locations.




Chlorides at all the locations were within the permissible limit, ranging between 14.67 – 19.56

mg/l. Fluorides were recorded to be ranging in between 0.03 to 0.05 mg/l and are found to be

within the permissible limit. Nitrates are found to be below detection limit. Bacteriological

studies reveal that no coliform bacterial are present in the samples. The heavy metal

contents were observed to be in below detectable limits.

Table 3.11 : Physico chemical and Biological Characteristics of Surface Water

Parameter Unit

Tolerance limits for inland surface

water class A (drinking water

without conventional treatment

but after disinfection) as per

IS:2296 – 1982

Rana Khad

u/s (SW1)

Rana Khad d/s

(SW2)

Gugli Khad

(SW3)

pH - 6.5-8.5 7.32 7.48 6.78

Turbidity NTU - 4.4 3.0 2.6

Conductivity µs/cm - 170 180 150

Total S.S. mg/L - 18 22 16

TDS mg/L 500 110 120 100

Total

Alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg/L 200 45 50 40

Chloride as Cl mg/L 250 8.3 6.7 6.5

Sulphate as

SO4

mg/L 400 11.5 9.4 9.6

Nitrate as

NO3

mg/L 20 BDL BDL BDL

Phosphate as

PO4

mg/L - BDL BDL BDL

Total

Hardness as

CaCO3

mg/L 300 80 90 60

Calcium as

CaCO3

mg/L 200 67.4 75 49.2

Magnesium

as

mg/L 100 12.6 15 10.8

Sodium as NA mg/L - 2.5 4 3.0

Potassium as

K

mg/L - 2.0 1 1.5

Fluoride as Fl mg/L 1.5 0.07 0.06 0.05

Iron as Fe mg/L 0.3 0.15 0.14 0.16

Cadmium as mg/L 0.01 BDL BDL BDL




Cd

Chromium as

Cr6+

mg/L 0.05 BDL BDL BDL

Lead as Pb mg/L 0.1 BDL BDL BDL

Zinc as Zn mg/L 15 BDL BDL BDL

Manganese

as Mn


Copper as Cu mg/L 1.5 BDL BDL BDL

Nickel as Ni mg/L - BDL BDL BDL

Total

Coliforms

MPN/

100ml

50 15 16 24

E-Coli MPN/

100ml

- 6 7 11

Dissolved

Oxygen

mg/L 6 8.6 8.7 7.8

COD mg/L - 12.3 12.0 14.6

BOD (5 days

at 200C)

mg/L 2 3.8 3.7 4.7

Oil & Grease mg/L 0.01 BDL BDL BDL

Arsenic as As mg/L 0.05 BDL BDL BDL

Selenium as

Se


Mercury as

Hg


*IS: 2296 Class C Limits as described by CPCB

- Limits not specified as per IS code

Table 3.12 : Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Ground water

Parameter Unit

Drinking water specification as per

(IS:10500)

Location

Desirable limit Permissible Limit

in absence of

alternate source

Dalna

(Drinking

Water)

Tikru

(Drinking

Water)

pH - 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 8.13 6.90

Turbidity NTU 5 10 0.8 0.6

Conductivity µs/cm 205 175

TDS mg/L 500 2000 130 110

Total

Alkalinity

mg/L 200 600 110 70

Chloride mg/L 250 1000 19.56 14.67




Sulphate mg/L 200 400 15.42 9.34

Nitrate mg/L 45 No relaxation BDL BDL

Phosphate mg/L - - BDL BDL

Total

Hardness

mg/L 300 600 55 40

Calcium mg/L 75 200 49.3 35.8

Magnesium mg/L 30 100 5.7 4.2

Sodium mg/L - - 7.4 8.5

Potassium mg/L - - 4.3 2.2

Fluoride as

F

mg/L 1.0 1.5 0.08 0.05

Iron as Fe mg/L 0.3 1.0 0.13 0.12

Cadmium mg/L 0.003 No relaxation BDL BDL

Total

Chromium

mg/L 0.05 No relaxation BDL BDL

Lead as Le mg/L 0.01 No relaxation BDL BDL

Zinc as Zn mg/L 5 15 BDL BDL

Manganese mg/L 0.1 0.3 0.05 0.01

Copper as

Cu

mg/L 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL

Nickel as Ni mg/L 0.02 No relaxation BDL BDL

Total

Coliforms

MPN/100ml Must not be

detected in any

100ml

Must not be

detected in any

100ml

Absent Absent

E-Coli MPN/100ml Must not be

detected in any

100ml

Must not be

detected in any

100ml

Absent Absent

Boron as B mg/L 0.3 1.5 BDL BDL

3.6.4. Hydrology of Rana Khad

The hydraulic action of flowing water hits against river banks and beds. Flowing water surges

into the cracks and breaks and loosen pieces of rock and soil, thus the eroded sediment from

the catchment can be transported to the d/s by the flow of water. Therefore an assessment of

the discharge at the point of intervention is essential as it shows the pattern of flow during a

year.

Based upon the ten-daily extended/observed discharge data of Rana khad near Bagla G&D

site for long term (June 1974 to May 1998), it is evident that in 90% dependable year, the

minimum and the maximum flow observed are 1.6 and 21.11 cumec respectively. The

maximum observed average ten-daily discharge at G&D site Bagla is 53.39 cumec. The 10

daily flow series at G&D site bagla in 90% dependable year is shown in Table 3.13.




Table 3.13 : Ten daily Flow Series

Month Ten-daily In flow in 90 %

dependable year

(cumec)

In flow in 90 %

dependable year(MCM)

June

i 1.6 1.3824

II 3.66 3.16224

III 3 2.592

July i 9.63 8.32032

II 13.91 12.01824

III 15.29 14.531616

August i 13.55 11.7072

II 15.79 13.64256

III 21.11 20.06294

September i 17.97 15.52608

II 10.28 8.88192

III 9.8 8.4672

October i 7.27 6.28128

II 4.95 4.2768

III 4.52 4.295808

November i 3.97 3.43008

II 3.82 3.30048

III 3.61 3.11904

December i 3.31 2.85984

II 3.33 2.87712

III 3.56 3.383424

January i 5.1 4.43232

II 3.72 3.21408




III 3.42 3.250368

February i 3.48 3.00672

II 3.11 2.68704

III 2.79 2.169504

March i 2.39 2.06496

II 2.15 1.8576

III 2.14 2.033856

April i 2.35 2.0304

II 2.09 1.80576

III 1.88 1.62432

May i 2.15 1.8576

II 1.99 1.71936

III 1.78 1.61712

Total 189.4896

3.6.5. SEDIMENT YIELD FROM WATERSHED

The rate of gross or absolute silt production (erosion) in the watershed and the ability of the

stream system to transport the eroded material in a river and then to a reservoir has the

direct relation with the quantity of sediment delivered into a reservoir. The rate of gross

erosion is dependent upon many physical factors live climatic conditions, nature of soil, slope

of the area, topography and the land use. Hydro-physical conditions of the watershed govern

the capability of transporting the eroded material. It has been observed that the average rate

of sediment production decreases as the size of drainage area increase and the larger

watershed the lesser is the variation between the rates. The larger watershed presents more

opportunity for deposition of silt during its traverse from the point of production. The

watershed with maximum land use class of forest generate very low rate of production unless

the forest are degraded or open forest. The cultivated watersheds with unscientific farming

produce very high rate of silt production. The total amount of eroded material, which reaches

a particular hydraulic control point, is termed as sediment yield. The sediment control of

inflow is governed by the following significant factors:




(i) Character of run-off

(ii) Susceptibility of soils

(iii) The extent and density of vegetative cover in the area

(iv) The hydraulic efficiency of the drainage system.

Sediment sampling over a substantially long period is a suitable and logical method of

obtaining on information of sediment load being carried out by a stream. No sediment load

observation have been made in the case of any stage of the Uhl HEP, as these are mainly R-

O-R schemes. In the absence of silt studies, either in the Basin of Uhl Khad or Rana khad, it

is prudent to rely on silt studies carried out in the Beas basin. The study of sediment load of

the Beas has been carried out at a place called Thalout about 1 km downstream of Larji dam

on the Beas by the Sediment Research Laboratory, BBMB, Pandoh over the years 2002 to

2006 i.e. before the commissioning of the Larji dam. The results of the daily sampling has

been treated as average daily sediment load and on its basis the average annual yield of

sediment at the site has been worked out. The month wise silt load during various years is

enumerated in Table-3.14.

Table 3.14 : Monthly Sediment Load (ha.m.) of the Beas at Thalout

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2002 0.28 0.55 8.03 22.13 36.60 61.82 125.59 31.62 1.44 0.40 0.31 288.75

2003 0.19 0.27 1.44 5.11 9.58 33.97 105.98 65.59 22.08 2.07 0.54 0.26 247.08

2004 0.23 0.33 0.76 1.13 10.81 24.87 85.68 1184.13 25.51 7.27 0.55 0.27 1341.53

2005 0.24 0.72 4.42 5.21 9.28 52.11 362.02 37.34 24.32 4.02 0.75 0.28 500.70

2006 0.23 0.36 0.79 2.28 10.40 8.60 68.48 117.85 23.03 232.04

Total 1.16 2.23 7.41 21.77 62.19 156.16 683.97 1530.50 126.57 14.79 2.24 1.11 2610.10

Source: Catchment Area Treatment Plan, Pandoh Dam (BSL).

Thus on the basis of the average annual value of the suspended sediment load and

assuming 15% bed load, the silt rate of the Beas at Thalout has been assessed as 12.22

ha.m./100 sq km / year.

3.6.6. Computation of annual Sedimentation load:

Based on ten-daily silt load and discharge of Beas at Thalout for period 2002 to 2006, the

sediment rate is worked out as under.




Total sediment load for 5 years observed at Thalout=2610.1 ham

Thus total sediment load for 1 year/hundred sq km = 2610.1 / 5 / 49.21 = 10.61 ham / 100 sq

km/year

Bed load at 15 % of =1.60 ham/100 sq km/year=

Gross sediment load =10.61+1.61=12.21ham/100 sq km/year

Annual sediment load /sq km =0.1222 ham=1222 cum

Sediment load in 98.90 sq km=120855.8 cum or say 120856 cum.

Sediment load in metric ton @ 2.25 MT/cum=271926 MT of RBM

The sediment load, deposited as river borne material (RBM), shall be intercepted up to the

mine lease area shall get deposited at such reaches where the river section shows excessive

and repetitive sinuous path and where the river bed slope is very gentle such that during high

stage of the river the flow velocity falls below 3 meter/sec, the particles are deposited are

depending upon the rivers energy. In the present case Rana khad exhibits sinuous path after

its confluence with Gugli khad. The maximum annual extraction of RBM from the mine lease

area is 15000 metric tons only. Thus considering the rotational method of mining in

segregated zone and for maximum ROM of 15000metric tons the mining can be safely done

at depositional places. Thus the feasible to take out 15000 metric tons of RBM/year during

the course of running of the river bed mine in question. The annual deposition rate at the

mining site varies from 1 to 3 cm depending upon the curvature of the river section. At some

places it may exceeds 3 cm.

3.6.7. Competency of river:

Competency of a river is a measure of the maximum size of the river borne material a river is

capable of transporting and it is directly dependent upon the velocity of flow of the river. The

competence of a river increases as square of its velocity. The maximum load of solid

particles a river can transport is termed as its capacity. The greater the discharge in the river,

the greater shall be the capacity for hauling the sediments. The higher velocities are

developed when the rivers are in high stage. In the present case, Rana Khad, a hilly river,

from its origin at EL 3122 masl to Balh mine site (EL 871 masl), the khad negotiates a total

fall of about 2251 m thus implying that the average river bed slope is 100.95 m/km. Such

high bed gradient are capable of generating high velocities. On an average the competency

of stream at the point of mining site is 120 to 90cm x 60 to 90 cm x 60 x 30 cm. (Figure 3.16)




Figure 3.16 : Riverbed material in mine area

3.7. Soil Characteristics

Soil fertility is an aspect of the soil-plant relationship. Fertility status of the soils is primarily

and importantly dependent upon both the macro and micronutrient reserve of that soil.

Continued removal of nutrients by crops, with little or no replacement will increase the

nutrient stress in plants and ultimately lowers the productivity. The fertility status of the soils

mainly depends on the nature of vegetation, climate, and topography, texture of soil and

decomposition rate of organic matter. Optimum productivity of any cropping systems

depends on adequate supply of plant nutrients

The fertility of the soil depends on the concentration of N, P, K, organic and inorganic

materials and water. Nitrogen is required for growth of plant and is a constituent of

chlorophyll, plant protein, and nucleic acids. Phosphorus is most often limiting nutrients

remains present in plant cell nuclei and act as energy storage. It helps in transfer of energy.

Potassium is found in its mineral form and affect plant cell division, carbohydrate formation,

translocation of sugar, various enzyme actions and resistance to certain plant disease, over

60 enzymes are known to require potassium for activation.

It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area to identify the current impacts of

urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise




due to the project operations. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality

has been carried out.

3.7.1. Data Generation

For studying soil profile of the region, four sampling locations were selected to assess the

existing soil conditions in and around the Mine area representing various land use conditions.

The samples have been collected from three different depths from 5 to 15cm and

representative samples prepared by thoroughly mixing. The homogenized samples were

analysed for physical and chemical characteristics.

The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 3.15 and are shown in Figure 3.17.

The soil quality at all the location during the study period is tabulated in Table 3.16. The

results are compared with standard classification given in Table 3.16.

Figure 3.17 : Soil Quality Sampling Locations




Table 3.15 : Details of Soil Sampling Locations

Location

code Location

Distance from

Mine Site (km)

Bearing w.r.t

Mine Site Present Land Use

S1 Mine site -- River bed

S2 Bagla 0.75 SE Agriculture Land

S3 Tikru 1.5 NW Agriculture Land

S4 Dalana 1.0 S Agriculture Land

Table 3.16 : Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Soil of the Study area

Parameter

Location

Project Site

(River Soil) Bagla

(AgricultureSoil) Tikru

(Agriculture Soil) Dalana

(Agriculture Soil)

Grain Size Distribution - - -

Sand (%) 89.1 74.5 73.9 71.5

Silt (%) 6.0 16.0 15.6 16.3

Clay (%) 4.9 9.5 10.5 12.2

Texture Sand Sandy Loam Sandy loam Sandy loam

pH 6.89 7.51 7.55 7.37

EC (µmhos/cm) 41.5 77.4 76.3 74.2

Bulk Density (g/cc) 1.71 1.58 1.57 1.54

SAR 0.17 0.25 0.24 0.33

Nitrogen (mg/kg) 23 83 110 98

P as PO4 (mg/kg) 3.8 10.4 11.2 10.8

K (mg/kg) 20.9 45.0 72.4 71.9

Ca (mg/kg) 457 412.8 530 582

Mg (mg/kg) 138 179.4 297 313

Na (mg/kg) 15.4 23.7 27.9 39.3

Organic Carbon (%) 0.22 0.55 0.68 0.74

Manganese (mg/kg) 4.3 7.8 8.9 9.6

Zinc (mg/kg) 1.24 2.47 2.53 2.76

Boron (mg/kg) 1.47 5.86 6.4 6.2

3.7.2. Soil reaction classes and critical limits for Macro and Micro nutrients in soil

According to Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970), the soils are grouped under different soil

reaction classes viz extremely acidic (pH<4.5), very strongly acidic (pH 4.5 – 5.0 ), strongly

acidic (pH 5.1 – 5.5), moderately acidic (pH 5.6-6.0), slightly acidic (pH 6.1-6.5), neutral (pH

6.6- 7.3), slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.8), moderately alkaline (pH 7.9-8.4), strongly alkaline (pH

8.5-9.0).The soils are rated as low (below 0.50 %), medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (above

0.75 %) in case of organic carbon, low (<280 kg ha-1), medium (280 to 560 kg ha-1) and high

(>560 kg ha-1) in case of available nitrogen, low (< 10 kg ha-1), medium (10 to 25 kg ha-1)




and high (> 25 kg ha-1) for available phosphorus, low (< 108 kg ha-1), medium (108 to 280

kg ha-1) and high (> 280 kg ha-1) for available potassium and low (<10 mg kg-1), medium

(10-20 mg kg-1) and high (> 20 mg kg-1) for available sulphur (Singh et. al. 2004, Mehta et.

al.1988). Critical limits of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, which separate deficient from non-deficient

soils followed in India are 4.5, 2.0, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.5 mg kg-1 respectively. (Follet and Lindsay,

1970 and Berger and Truog, 1940).

3.7.3. Interpretation of Soil Characteristics

Interpretation of Soil Characteristic has been dwelled in following sub-sections

3.7.3.1 Soil Texture

The soils of study area are mountainous soil. As per grain size distribution the % of sand in

four samples varied from 71.5% to 89.6%, silt varied from 6 to 16.3% and clay from 4.9% to

12.2%. Thus the soil texture ranges from Sand to Sandy loam as per triangular classification

of soil texture.

3.7.3.2 Soil Reaction

Soil pH is an important soil property, which affects the availability of several plant nutrients. It

is a measure of acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. The soil pH

ranges from 6.89 to 7.55, thereby indicating the soil is neutral.

3.7.3.3 Organic Carbon

The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic matter

plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, cation exchange capacity, improving soil

aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity. The Organic Carbon

content of soil varied from 0.22% to 0.74%, thereby implying that soils are low to medium in

organic content.

3.7.3.4 Macronutrients

Nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered as primary

nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth,

development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large

quantity.

Available Nitrogen

Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and enzyme

essential for plant growth. It is an essential constituent for amino acids which is building

blocks for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm. It encourage aboveground vegetative




growth and deep green colour to leaves. Deficiency of nitrogen decreases rate and extent of

protein synthesis and result into stunted growth and develop chlorosis. Available nitrogen

content in the surface soils ranges between 23 and 110 mg/kg (59.0 kg/ha- 259kg/ha)

thereby indicating that soils are low in available nitrogen content.

Available Phosphorus

Phosphorus is important component of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and adenosine tri-

phosphate (ATP), which involves in energy transformation in plant. It is essential component

of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the seat of genetic inheritance in plant and animal.

Phosphorous take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop

maturation, root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of

phosphorous is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation. In

acidic condition it get fixed with aluminum and iron and in alkaline condition with calcium.

Available phosphorus content ranges between 3.8 and 11.2 mg/kg( 9.75kg/ha-28.7kg/ha)

thereby indicating that soils are low to medium in available phosphorus.

Available Potassium

Potassium is an activator of various enzymes responsible for plant processes like energy

metabolism, starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation. It is extremely

mobile in plant and help to regulate opening and closing of stomata in the leaves and uptake

of water by root cells. It is important in grain formation and tuber development and

encourages crop resistance for certain fungal and bacterial diseases.

Available potassium content in these soils ranges between 20.9 and 72.4mg/kg (53.6kg/ha-

171kg/ha) thereby indicating that the soils are low to medium in potassium content.

3.7.3.5 Micronutrients

Proper understanding of micronutrients availability in soils and extent of their deficiencies is

the pre-requisite for efficient management of micronutrient fertilizer to sustain crop

productivity. Therefore, it is essential to know the micronutrients status of soil before

introducing any type of land use.

Available Manganese

Manganese is essential in photosynthesis and nitrogen transformations in plants. It activates

decarboxylase, dehydrogenase, and oxidase enzymes. The available manganese content in




surface soils ranges between 4.3 and 9.6 mg kg-1. As per the critical limit of available

manganese (> 2 mg kg-1), all the soils are sufficient in available manganese.

Available Zinc

Zinc plays role in protein synthesis, reproductive process of certain plants and in the

formation starch and some growth hormones. It promotes seed maturation and production.

The available zinc in surface soils ranges between 1.24 and 2.76 mg kg-1 and is sufficient

(>0.5 mg kg-1).

Available Boron

Boron increases solubility and mobility of calcium in the plant and it act as regulator of K/Ca

ratio in the plant. It is required for development of new meristematic tissue and also

necessary for proper pollination, fruit and seed setting and translocation of sugar, starch and

phosphorous etc. It has role in synthesis of amino acid and protein and regulates

carbohydrate metabolism.

The available boron content in the soils ranges from 1.47 to 6.4 mg/kg-1. The critical limit for

deficiency of the available boron is <0.5. mg kg-

3.8. Noise Environment

The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and

vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential

damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community

responses.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It

can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one, which is continuously

varying in loudness.

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential

areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance and

The location of the noise sources, with respect to noise sensitive landuse, which

determines the loudness and period of exposure.




The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced

Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental

impact assessment of noise from the project operation, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by

taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological

responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

3.8.1. Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise

generating sources in the area. Noise at different generating sources has been identified

based on the activities in the village area and traffic.

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels in the

study area. The noise level at each location were recorded for 24 hrs. The environment

setting of noise monitoring locations is given in Table 3.17 and shown in Figure 3.18.

Figure 3.18 : Noise Sampling Locations




Table 3.17 : Details of Noise Monitoring Locations

Station

Code Name of the Station

Distance from

the Mine

boundary (km)

Direction

w.r.t. the

centre of

Mine Site

Environmental

Setting /

Justification

N-1 Mine Site, Rana Khad - - River bed / Rural

N-2 Dalana 0.4 SW Rural/Residential

N-3 Jalpehr 2.0 NE Rural/Residential

N-4 Tikru 1.5 NW Rural/Residential

N-5 Bagla 0.8 SE Rural/Residential

3.8.2. Method of Monitoring

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings

were taken for every hour for 24 hrs. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am

to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations within study area. The

hourly noise levels monitored during day time and night time in winter season are presented

in Table 3.18 and the Leq day time and night time noise levels and Leq day and night time

noise levels at each of the sampling location are presented in Table 3.19

Table 3.18 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area

Hours Location

Mine Site Dalana Village Jalpaid Tikru Joginder Nagar

Day Time

06-07 71.8 55.8 48.7 50.9 58.2

07-08 72.2 61.6 61.1 62.5 58.8

08-09 72.2 58.4 60.5 62.8 60.5

09-10 72.5 58.3 56.3 58.4 63.6

10-11 71.8 55.2 50.6 55.9 64.7

11-12 71.3 54.4 51.1 52.3 67.3

12-13 70.6 55.8 56.2 54.6 67.5

13-14 70.5 52.7 57.3 51.8 66.3

14-15 71.4 55.7 55.5 53.9 65.4

15-16 72.6 56.2 50.8 55.9 67.6

16-17 71.7 59.6 57.1 60.0 68.5

17-18 70.8 60.5 60.5 63.2 66.2

18-19 71.2 57.3 62.7 61.1 67.1

19-20 71.6 55.4 59.4 60.6 54.2

20-21 72.3 56.3 54.5 56.8 52.3




21-22 72.0 50.5 48.7 55.2 48.4

Lmax (Day) 72.6 61.6 62.7 63.2 68.5

Lmin (Day) 70.5 50.5 48.7 50.9 48.4

Leq (Day) 71.7 57.3 57.6 58.9 64.9

Night Time

22-23 71.7 45.6 45.2 51.6 45.5

23-00 71.8 44.2 45.0 50.5 43.3

00-01 70.8 40.7 42.2 42.6 50.7

01-02 70.5 38.9 40.4 41.3 52.3

02-03 72.2 41.3 40.7 41.6 53.8

03-04 72.0 42.6 46.3 46.7 51.4

04-05 71.4 40.4 46.5 47.4 56.3

05-06 71.6 48.6 47.8 46.3 57.8

Lmax (Night) 72.2 48.6 47.8 51.6 57.8

Lmin (Night) 70.5 38.9 40.4 41.3 43.3

Leq (Night) 71.5 43.9 44.9 47.4 53.4

Table 3.19 : Noise Levels [dB(A)] in the Study Area

Location

Code

Noise Sampling

Location

Leq day, dB(A) Leq night, dB(A) Leq day and

night, dB(A)

N1 Mine Site, Rana Khad 71.7 71.5 71.6

N2 Dalana 57.3 43.9 55.6

N3 Jalpehr 57.6 44.9 56.0

N4 Tikru 58.9 47.4 57.3

N5 Bagla 64.9 53.4 63.3

3.8.3. Interpretation of Results

The noise monitoring shows that day and night time noise levels are highest at mine site and

due to flow of river and exceed the prescribed limit. During daytime, the noise levels

marginally exceed the prescribed limit for all other sites. The major source of the noise in the

study area is the flow of river and vehicular movement. The ambient air quality standards in

respect of noise are 75, 65, 55 and 50 dB (A) Leq in daytime and 70, 55, 45 and 40 dB (A)

Leq during nighttime for industrial, commercial, residential and silence zone respectively. The

daytime noise level measured during 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and nighttime measured from

10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m




3.9. Biological Environment

The biological study of the core area (mine lease area) and buffer zone (10km radius from

mine lease boundary) was carried out to understand the ecological status; to generate

baseline information; and, to predict the probable impacts due to the proposed project on the

biological environment.

3.9.1. Flora

Himachal Pradesh has very diverse flora with forest types varying from tropical to temperate

to Alpine. Himachal Pradesh is rich in floral and faunal resources as nearly 3295 species of

plants out of total 45000 reported in the country are found here, which represents 7.32% of

floral species. As per Champion and Seth, the forests are broadly classified into Coniferous

forests and broad-leaved forests. There are six main types of forest i.e. moist tropical forests,

dry tropical forests, montane sub-tropical forests, montane temperate forests, sub-alpine

forests and alpine forests. The total area of the state under forests is 66.52% whereas, actual

tree cover is just 26.35%. The Mandi districts with a tree cover of 42.35% (1673 sq. km.) is

one of the more forested area and has a rich floral composition. Forests Map of Himachal

Pradesh is shown in Figure 3.19.




Figure 3.19 : Map of Himachal Pradesh showing forest cover in its various districts (SFR, 2011)

3.9.2. Vegetation type of the study area:

The forests of the tract dealt with are well scattered on the both bank of the river Beas, it can

be broadly classified into following groups on the basis of various factors a) Scrub forests, b)

Bamboo forests, c) Chir forests. The forests of this division can be further grouped into

various forest types as identified by Champion and Seth (1968).




Group: 5 Dry Tropical forests includes

1. 5B/C2 Northern dry mixed deciduous forests

2. 5B/DS1/dry deciduous scrub forests

3. 5B/E9 dry bamboo

Group: 9 sub tropical pine forests includes

i) 9/cla-Lower or shivalik chir pine forests

ii) 9/clb upper Himalayan chir pine forests

The general vegetation of the study area is sub tropical in nature. The area of project side

falls under the dry deciduous forest type.

3.9.3. Sampling Methodology for Floral Study

Selection of sites for sampling of vegetation was done by random sampling procedure.

Accordingly quadrats of 10 m x 10 m were laid out for the analysis of tree layer in the

submergence and as well as influence zones. Within these sample plots, 3 m x 3 m plots

were laid out randomly for sampling shrub layer and regeneration of tree species. To collect

information on ground layer and other herbaceous species, quadrats of 1 m x1 m size were

laid out within the tree quadrats. All species encountered during the transect walk were

recorded and their herbarium specimens were prepared for identification and future use.

3.9.4. Flora in core zone

The floristic study in the core zone was carried out at 3 locations viz. River bank side, u/s and

d/s of mine lease area. Trees mainly Dalbergia sissoo, Pinus sp. were present on the banks

of the river (No tree was found within quadrates) Prominent Shrub was Lantana camara in

the whole area (on both side of the banks),Herbs mainly present were Cynodon dactylon,

Stellaria media, Nasturtium officinalis etc Upper stream had very diversified flora as compare

to middle and lower stream. (Table 3.20 and Table 3.21)

Table 3.20 : Floral Species (At river bank Site)

S. No. Common name Scientific name

Trees

1 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo

2 Pinus Pinus spp.




Shrubs

1 Lantana Lantana camara

2 Jungliber Ziziphus mauritiana

Herbs

1 BilliBooti Stellaria media

2 Common grass Cynodon dactylon

3 Jal narri Polygonum barbatum

4 Neela thotha Ageratum conizoide

Table 3.21 : Floral Species (Up Stream & Down Stream of lease area)

3.9.5. Frequency, abundance and IVI of herbs at Dart site:

About 126.09 of the important value index is contributed by Polygonum barbatum. This

shows that this species was abundant, frequent and dominant in the study area. The

importance value index is imperative to compare the ecological significance of species.

(Table 3.22)

Table 3.22 : Important value index (Herb)

S. No. Herb Relative

Frequency

Relative

Density

Relative

Abundance

IVI pilnpi pixpi

1 Stellaria media 25 9.30 7.54 41.84 -0.22 0.008

2

Polygonum

barbatum 25 55.81 45.28 126.09 -0.32 0.311

3

Cynodon

dactylon 12.5 20.93 33.96 67.39 -0.32 0.043

4

Solanum

nigrum 12.5 2.32 3.77 18.59 -0.08 0.0005

5 Ageratum spp. 25 11.62 9.43 46.06 -0.25 0.013

S. No. Floral Details ( Herbs Species) Up stream

Down stream

Common name Scientific name

1 Billi Booti Stellaria media √ √

2 Common grass Cynodon dactylon √

3 Bhambola Solanum nigrum √

4 Jal narri Polygonum barbatum √ √

5 Nilla thotha Ageratum conizoide √




3.9.6. Flora in buffer zone

The forest of the study area covering buffer zone lies in Joginder Nagar division, which has

three ranges, viz. Joginder Nagar, Ladbharol and Urla. The forest in the division has good

floral diversity. As per Appendix – X, Working Plan (1995-96) for the division, there are 121

tree species, 97 shrub species, 25 Climbers, 25 Bamboos, 118 herbs. The list is enclosed as

Annexure VII. Inventory of forests within 10km radius of ML area is shown is Table 3.23.

Table 3.23 : Inventory of forests within 10km radius of ML area

S.No. Name Direction Distance (km)

1 Siyuri, PF E 3.5

2 Thorat, PF SE 7

3 Nagan, PF SE 7.5

4 Kadund, PF SSE 8.5

5 Ninpur, PF SSE 9

6 Babhuri Dhar, PF S 6

7 Banon, PF W 1

8 Sukar, PF NW 4.5

9 Tain, PF SW 9

10 Kaproto, PF N 6.5

11 Naini Dhar, PF N 8

12 Riyoti Dhar, PF N 9

13 Marhola Uprala, PF N 10

14 Mihar Dhar, PF NE 9

15 Trimunda, PF NE 7.5

16 Suhi Dhar, PF NE 8

3.9.7. FAUNA

3.9.7.1 Sampling methodologies used for Fauna:

S. No Fauna Sampling Method

1 Butterflies Pollard Walk (Random Walk), Opportunistic observations

2 Amphibians Visual Encounter Survey (search)




3 Reptiles Visual Encounter Survey (search)

4 Birds Random Walk, Opportunistic observations

5 Mammals Tracks and signs, and Visual Encounter Survey

3.9.8. Terrestrial Fauna

Based on actual sighting as well as secondary information through interaction with local

people/literature. 16 species of birds, 10 mammalian species, 6 species of butterflies, 3

species of reptiles and 2 species of amphibians are reported from the study area (Table 3.24

through 3.28).

Table 3.24 : Birds sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area

S. No Common Name Scientific name

Conservation status (IUCN)

1 Red Wattle lapwing Vanellus indicus LC

2 Common tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius LC

3 Rock pigeon Columbia livia LC

4 Cattle egret Egretta garzetta LC

5 Common hoopoe Upupa epops LC

6 House sparrow Passer domesticus LC

7 Rufous tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda LC

8 Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus LC

9 White capped red starter Dicrurus macrocerus LC

10 Jungle crow Carvus macrorhynchos LC

11 Common kingfisher Alcedo attis LC

12 Copper smith Barbet Megalaima malabarica LC

13 Shikra Accipiter badius LC

14 Black drango Dicrurus macrocercus LC

15 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis LC

16 Green bee-eater Merops orientalis LC

Table 3.25 : Mammals sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area

S.No Common name Scientific name Conservation status (IUCN)

1 Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta LC

2 Blue Bull Boselaphus tragocamelus LC

3 Wild boar Sus scrofa LC

4 Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum LC




Table 3.26 : Butterflies sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area

Table 3.27 : Reptiles sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area

Table 3.28 : Amphibians sighted during the field survey and also reported from the area

S. No Common name Scientific name

1. Himalayan Toad Duttaphrynus Himalayanus

2 Toad Bufo viridis

3.9.9. Aquatic Ecology

5 Hare Lepus timidus LC

6 Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii LC

7 House Mouse Mus musculus LC

8 Indian Porcupine Hystrix indica LC

9 Common palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum LC

10 Yellow throated Marten Martes flavigula LC


1 Blue pansy Junonia hierta

2 Striped crow blue Euploea mulciber

3 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus

4 Indian large cabbage Pieris candia

5 Hill jezebel Delias belladonna

6 Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe


1 Common rat snake Ptyas mucosa

2 Cobra Naja naja

3 Monitor lizards Varanus bengalensis




Aquatic ecosystem harbors a variety of plants and animals varying from primary producers to

large consumers forming different trophic levels. These animals and plant communities are

considered as the best indicators of the environment, which responds not only to one

environmental factor but also to an interacting group of factors. Any change with respect to

environmental factors could results threats to the existing the aquatic biological diversity.

3.9.1.1 Aquatic Life Status

Baseline information on aquatic fauna was collected for winter season through extensive field

survey and secondary sources. Three categories of planktons i.e., green algae

(Chlorophyceae) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) were recorded.

The stream being a freshwater body, the presence of Chlorophyceae was more prominent.

The variation in occurrence of phytoplankton taxa may be due to the water quality, channel

morphology, elevation, geomorphology that occurs in the project site in river Beas and its

tributaries. The river supports the occurrence of diverse aquatic flora and fauna through

congenial habitat in the project influenced area.

The aquatic species from diverse groups of life forms like planktons, zoo-planktons and

macro- invertebrates and fishes recorded in the project sites are described in the Tables 3.29

through 3.31.

Table 3.29 : List of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in the study area

Table 3.30 : Macro-invertebrate inventory as observed in various

sites

Sl . No Order Family Genus

1 Diptera Chironomidae Chironomus

S. No Name of the Genus Class

Phytoplankton

1 Navicula Bacillariophyceae

2 Pinnularia Bacillariophyceae

3 Oedogonium Chlorophyceae

4 Sirogyra Chlorophyceae

Zooplankton

1 Alona Branchiopoda

2 Centropyxis Lobosea

3 Nauplins Crustacean

4 Epiphanes Rotifera

5 Euglypha Imbricatea

6 Vorticella Oligohymenophorea




2 Clitellata Naididae Tubifex

Aeolosomatidae Aeolosoma

3 Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis

Table 3.31 : Fish Fauna in the influence area

S. No. Fishes Conservation status (IUCN)

1 Salmo trutta LC

2 Nemachelius rupecola LC

3 Puntius spp. LC

4 Tor putitora EN

5 Schizothorax richardsonii VU

3.10. Socio-economic Environment

3.10.1. District Profile

Mandi district has a total geographical area of 3,950 sq km, covers 7.10 % area and ranks

7th in the State. There are 6 towns and 3338 villages in the district of which 2818 villages are

inhabited and 520 are uninhabited. The district has been divided into 6 sub-divisions [Sadar,

Sarkaghat, Sundernagar, Karsog, Gohar, Jogindernagar]. There are 9 tehsils [Sadar,

Thunag, Sundernagar, Sarkaghat, Padhar, Jogindernagar, Lad Bhraol, Karsog, Chachyot] &

7 sub-tehsils [Kotali, Aut, Nihari, Baldwara, Dharampur, Sandhol, Balichowki].

As per 2001 census, the district has a population of 9,01,344 persons with density of

population 228 person per sq km. Population wise it ranks second in the State. The male and

female population in the district is 4,47,872 and 4,53,472 respectively with a male/female sex

ratio of 1012. The schedule cast population in the district is 29% and the schedule tribe

population is 1.2 %. The literacy rate of the district is 72%.

Agriculture is the main occupation of its inhabitants in the project-influenced districts. The

distribution of population by workers and non-workers category is shown in Table 3.32

Table 3.32 : Distribution of population by workers and non-workers

State/ District Population Male Female Total

Himachal

Pradesh

Main Workers 1333361 630521 1963882

Marginal Workers 353297 675282 1028579

Non- Workers 1401282 1684157 3085439




Total 3087940 2989960 6077900

Mandi

Main Workers 176622 92454 269076

Marginal Workers 59132 126084 185216

Non- Workers 212118 234934 447052

Total 447872 453472 901344

Source: Census of India 2001

3.10.2. Socio-economic Assessment in the Study Area

Most often, development projects are planned based on the availability of exploitable natural

resources. These projects attract flow of finances, investments, jobs and other livelihood

opportunities, which brings in people from different cultural and social background. Such

planned activities not only provide impetus to the local economy but also bring about a multi-

dimensional economic, social and cultural change. Most often it has been observed that such

development projects are commissioned in economically and socially backward areas, which

are inhabited by some of the indigenous populations.

Review of secondary data, such as District Census Statistical Handbooks-2001 and the

records of National Informatics Center data, for the parameters of demography, occupational

structure of people within the general study area of 10 km radius around the project site. The

information in this context was gathered on the following socio-economic parameters viz.

• Demographic profile

• Educational levels

• Occupational Profile

• Cropping pattern

• Other socio-economic parameters

3.10.3. Demographic Profile of 10km radius study area

The study area lies in village Balh under Tehsil Joginder Nagar. The study are covering 10km

radius from the mine site falls in the Tehsil: Joginder nagar, Lad bharol, and Padhar of Mandi

District. Out of 185 villages in study area 97, 73 and 15 come under jurisdiction of Tehsil

Joginder nagar, Lad bharol and Padhar. The total no. of households are 11453 whereas the

total population is 52881 comprising of Male 25391 (48%) and Female 27490 (52%). The

statistics is provided in Table 3.33.

Table 3.33 : Demography of the study area

Name of

Tehsil

No. of

villages

No. of

Household

Total

Population

Male

Population

Female

Population




Joginder

nagar 97 8108 37437 18218 19219

Lad bharol 73 2657 11795 5350 6445

Padhar 15 688 3649 1823 1826

Total 185 11453 52881 25391 27490

Sex Ratio

The sex ratio is thus 1083 Female per 1000 Male. (Figure 3.20).

Figure 3.20 : Tehsil-wise Male Female Population of the Study Area

SC / ST Population

A considerable 23.70% of the population in the Study Area is constituted by SC/ST of which

SC population constitutes 21.17 % and rest 2.53% is constituted by ST populations (Table

3.34) . A comparative graph of SC/ST Population in Study Area (Tehsil wise) is depicted in

Figure 3.21 and 3.22.

Table 3.34 : List of SC/ST Population (Tehsil-wise)

District Tehsil

Sex

Total

Population General SC ST

Mandi

Jogindar

Nagar

Male 18218 13853 4006 359

Female 19219 14639 4200 380

Lad Bharol Male 5350 4291 1059 0

Female 6445 5231 1211 3

Padhar Male 1823 1160 366 297

Female 1826 1174 355 297




Total 52881 40348 11197 1336

% of

Total 100 76.30 21.17 2.53

Figure 3.21 : Tehsil-wise SC Population in Study Area




Figure 3.22 : Tehsil-wise ST Population in Study Area

Literacy Rate

The literacy rate of the study area is 65.7% of which Male literate are 54.8% and female

literate are 45.2%. The illiterates are 34.3% of the total population of which Female illiterates

are 84.9 (Table 3.35). The graphical presentation is shown in Figure 3.23.

Table 3.35 : Male and Female Literates/Illiterates (Tehsil-wise)

District Tehsil Total

Population Literates

Male

Literates

Female

Literates Illiterates

Male

illiterates

Female

Illiterates

Mandi

Jogindar Nagar 37437 25015 13833 11182 12422 4385 8037

Lad Bharol 11795 7677 3932 3745 4118 1418 2700

Padhar 3649 2028 1254 774 1621 569 1052

Total 52881 34720 19019 15701 18161 6372 11789

Percentage 65.7 54.8 45.2 34.3 35.1 64.9




Figure 3.23 Gender-wise Distribution of Illiteracy in Study Area

Occupation Scenario

As per Census 2001, out of the total population of 52881, the working population of the area

comprises of 25555 (48.3%) comprising of 19.9% is the Main workers and 28.4% the

marginal Workers. The non-workers are 51.7% of the total population. (Figure 3.24)

Figure 3.24 : Occupational Scenario




3.10.4. Demographic Profile of zone of influence with in study area

The detailed description of the demographic profile is highlighted in the following sub-

sections, which gives an overall summary of the socio-economic conditions of the population

residing in influence zone villages within 2 km around the mine area (Table 3.36).

Table 3.36 : Demographic profile of the zone of influence

S.No. Village No. of

Household

Total

Population

Male

Population

Female

Population

1 Main Bharola 89 411 185 226

2 Tikru 86 386 184 202

3 Kaunsal 67 312 160 152

4 Balh 23 93 37 56

5 Awair 162 810 414 396

6 Jalpehr 150 758 368 390

7 Dhart Bagla 125 564 265 299

8 Chelang 19 77 35 42

Total 721 3411 1648 1763

3.10.5. Health and Nutritional Status of the Project Affected Population (PAPS)

The health status determines the nature and state of human resource development. Several

economic variables like income, employment, purchasing power and poverty determine the

health status of the people. Health status of the people, in general, determine: the average

expectation of life, number of persons in the productive age group, production, productivity,

earning capacity, employment and family welfare. The determinant factors of health status

include food, nutrition, hygiene, medical facilities, and socio-cultural implications of health,

environmental aspects, education, psychology and worldview of the people. The health

status is manifested in general in the form of prevalent infant mortality rate, life expectancy,

maternal mortality, level of fertility and mortality etc. Besides this, the health status is

connected to the hygienic conditions and nutritional status of the person concerned. The

hygienic condition can be understood in terms of personal hygiene, domestic hygiene,

environmental hygiene and the community hygiene. While the nutritional status denote the

quality and quantity of the staple food, pulses, oil seeds, milk products, vegetable, flesh food

and drinks.

During the survey, the general appearance of the villagers, their hygienic conditions and the

dietary pattern show that they are living in a hygienic and healthy condition. However, people




suffer from minor problems like eye and skin ailments, common cold and fever. Proper

medical aid facilities do not exist in the village or area and the people depend on their age-

old health care practices.

The staple food is chapatti made from wheat and maize flour and rice. Pulses and different

vegetables are other major food items. Availability of milk and milk products to the villagers is

very good due to large number of livestock in the area.

3.10.6. Caste Categories

Social stratification on the basis of caste is very much prevalent in our society from the date

back to the history. In the mountainous region, the population from general/upper castes is

richer than SCs in terms of land and livestock from days back to the times of local kingdoms.

As per the classification under our constitution castes are divided into 4 major groups i.e.,

General, SC, ST and OBC as per their social status. As per the study conducted 3 castes

namely General, SCs and OBCs are observed. General population divided into Brahmins

and Rajputs dominate the project affected area. The schedule cast and schedule tribe

population constitutes 20.6 % and 0.7% respectively of the total population (Table 3.37).

Table 3.37 : Caste distribution pattern in influence zone

S.No. Village Total

Population

SC

Population

SC

(Male)

SC

(Female)

ST

Population

ST

(Male)

ST

(Female)

1 Main Bharola 411 89 42 47 0 0 0

2 Tikru 386 9 3 6 18 9 9

3 Kaunsal 312 64 33 31 6 4 2

4 Balh 93 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Awair 810 169 93 76 0 0 0

6 Jalpehr 758 252 130 122 0 0 0

7 Dhart Bagla 564 119 53 66 0 0 0

8 Chelang 77 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 3411 702 354 348 24 13 11

3.10.7. Housing Pattern

All the villagers have their own houses. As per study generally they live in 3 types of housing

structures:-

1) Pucca house made up of stone/brick cement masonry with R.C.C roof.

2) Kuccha houses made up of stone and mud with inclined roof.

3) Mixed houses made up of stone/brick cement masonry walls and slate/tin roofs.




3.10.8. Educational Profile

Education acts as the building block for a society. It determines the social behavior of the

person or the society as a whole. Proper education leads to the upliftment of society by

creating awareness towards the changes and their impacts on their lives. It also determines

the living standard and the thought of a society. Educational standard and the occupation /

occupational efficiency are positively correlated. This also corresponds to the economic

status of the person or the community as a whole.

The education levels among the villages varied from being illiterate to being postgraduates.

As all villages have at least a primary school, the literacy levels are high among the younger

generation. Most of the elderly people were either illiterate or had not studied beyond Class

X. Most of the younger people had however, studied till Class X at least. There were a few

graduates.

Infrastructure is an important indicator of level of development and the potential for future

growth in particular area. The quality of school largely depends upon the type of

infrastructure available. The information with regard to availably of various level educational

facilities is given in Table 3.38.

Table 3.38 : Availably of various level educational facilities

S.No. Village Primary

School

Middle

School

Secondary

School

Higher

Secondary

School

College

1 Main Bharola 2 0 0 0 0

2 Tikru 1 1 1 0 0

3 Kaunsal 1 0 0 0 0

4 Balh 0 0 0 0 0

5 Awair 3 0 0 0 0

6 Jalpehr 0 0 0 0 0

7 Dhart Bagla 1 0 0 0 0

8 Chelang 1 0 0 0 0

3.10.9. Health Care Facilities

Health infrastructure (Table 3.39) is also very few in numbers in the area. Local people have

to travel a long distances for their basic medical needs. A large number of people have been

reported to be suffering from cold, malaria, and diarrhea etc. The existing PHCs and

Veterinary centers were observed to have dearth of doctors and require urgent attention.




None of the villages has PHC facilities. Only Kaunsal village has an Ayurvedic dispensary, for

treatment, people have to go to govt. hospital at Joginder nagar.

Table 3.39 : Location of Hospitals and PHC

S.No. Village Hospital Dispensary PHC PHSC

1 Main Bharola 0 0 0 1

2 Tikru 0 0 0 0

3 Kaunsal 0 1 AY 0 0

4 Balh 0 0 0 0

5 Awair 0 0 0 0

6 Jalpehr 0 0 0 0

7 Dhart Bagla 0 0 0 0

8 Chelang 0 0 0 0

Source: Census 2001

3.10.10. Occupational Profile

Agriculture is the primary occupation in all the villages it is followed by animal husbandry as

many people sell milk or other dairy products. Very few people have regular jobs, of which

the government jobs are even fewer. Most of the private jobs are in the local

hotels/restaurants and as drivers some people also operate their vans/jeeps/cars etc as

tourist vehicles. The overall distribution of the working population comprising of main workers

and marginal workers in the villages is show in Table 3.40. It is evident from the table that the

workers population is 1466 (43%) of which main and marginal workers constitutes 43% and

57% respectively.

Table 3.40 : Occupational profile of people in project area

Village Total

Population

Workers

Population

Male

Workers

Female

Workers

Main

Workers

Population

Marginal

Workers

Population

Non

Workers

Population

Main

Bharola 411 209 91 118 73 136 202

Tikru 386 209 95 114 77 132 177

Kaunsal 312 170 86 84 141 29 142

Balh 93 44 16 28 8 36 49

Awair 810 366 175 191 145 221 444

Jalpehr 758 180 127 53 120 60 578

Dhart Bagla 564 249 114 135 55 194 315

Chelang 77 39 16 23 12 27 38

Total 3411 1466 720 746 631 835 1945




3.11. Crop Rotation

The study area supports good agriculture as there are vast chunk of terrace fields where

state irrigation by way of small Kules (FIS), Lift Irrigation Schemes (LIS) have been provided

by the state besides this due to good rainfall crops are also grown in non-irrigated areas. Due

to good climate, soil fertility and availability of moisture from rain or irrigation sources Kharif

and Rabi crops are grown. The major crops grown are paddy, wheat, maize, barley, millets,

mustard, sesame, pulses and vegetables like potato, ginger and chilly etc.

Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, Dart Bagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,



CHAPTER 4. : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1. Introduction

With the commissioning of the mining activities of the proposed project, it is expected that

there shall be certain changes in the overall environmental matrix of the area. The base line

data of the existing environment, in the absence of proposed project activities, provides the

status of natural environment and when this is evaluated in conjunction with the proposed

activities it further provides a mechanism for prediction of changes likely to happen. In

present study likely impact and its extent on various environmental parameters viz.

topography and drainage, land, water, hydrology, noise, air, ecological and socio-economics

were undertaken by assessing the baseline environmental status of the area and estimation

were made as how this will change with commencement of project activity. The mitigation

measures have been developed with a view to bring down the levels of impacts within limits.

In each of the areas of impact, measures have to be taken to mitigate adverse impacts and

where these are beneficial in nature such impacts are to be enhanced/augmented so that the

overall adverse impacts are reduced to substantial extent.

4.2. Impacts on Topography And Drainage

4.2.1. Topography

The core zone i.e. the proposed mine lease area is within the flow section of hill

stream/Khad/river. The riverbed is strewed with large boulders, medium size boulders,

cobbles, pebbles and sand within the flow section either scattered or in the form of

compacted material lying in shoal deposits along the course of river. The highest and the

lowest altitudes in the ML area is 871 and 848 masl respectively. The riverbed slope in the

lease area is 23.5m / km. The mining activity in the riverbed by creating pits per se shall not

lead to any change in the local topography of the area as the pits dug in pervious year shall

be fully or partially replenished during flood in preceding years. There will be no formation of

overburden dumps. Thus there will be no change in topography of either core or buffer zone.

4.2.2. Drainage

Rana khad is a 4th order stream during its course through mine lease area till its confluence

with Neri khad which is again a 3rd order stream downstream of Machyal. Within the mine

lease area Laban Khad with steep gradients meets Rana Khad on its left bank. Besides

these two streams there is no other stream flowing in the mine lease area. Thus the mining

activities in Rana khad shall not cut any lower order stream as these are non-existents and

shall also not impact the flow course of laban khad. Any temporary diversion of discharge of




any interlacing of parent Rana khad into the main current for facilitating mining shall not alter

either the drainage pattern or the river flow dynamics in core as well as buffer zone.

4.3. Land Environment

4.3.1. Change in land use

The landuse of the core area is river body flowing in forest land. The landuse of the mine

area (core zone) shall continue to be river body, being replenished annually, even during

operation and post operation. The predominant landuse of the buffer zone is dense forest

(48.06%) followed by open forest (25.64%), agriculture (15.45%) and settlement (8.96) of the

total study area (314.09 sq. km) shall not at all be impacted due to mining activity in small

chunk of area.

4.3.2. Change in river course

There will be no change in the river course due to mining as the river course is mainly guided

by the hydraulic gradient of surface water and the geological conditions of the bank and bed

of the river. In the mine lease area the river section is well defined and is confined between

both the flanks.

4.3.3. Impact on soil

The mining plan envisages open cast manual method of mining in excavating the riverbed

deposits and proposed to remove top soil crust (silt/clay) and stacking for future back filling

programme/spreading on upper terraces.

The mine waste in the form of silt/clay in mine lease area are very fine but due to manual

mining, very little dust would be generated. These dust particles are usually blown away

along the wind direction and get deposited on the canopy of surrounding vegetation in the

forests and agricultural crops thereby interfering with photosynthesis and other physiological

activities of the green cover. Finally, this may result in reduced ecological functions of the

forest ecosystems as well as economic productivity of the agro-ecosystems.

4.3.3.1 Mitigation measures

The top soil (devoid of gravel but not lying under the boulders) shall be removed and

stacked separately for spreading on upper terraces/future back filling programme.

Immediately after back filling, the refilled top soil shall be planted with fast growing

leguminous cover of crops and other indigenous herbs, shrubs of pioneer species, apart from

planting of tree species to restore the role soil.

Sprinkling of water, at regular intervals, on exposed surface of silt/clay in upper terraces or

stacks for back filling will further reduce the dust emission due to air .Also, creation of green

belt well before the mining operation stats would also reduce the dust emission.




4.4. Impacts on Climate

Wind Speed The wind speed in any area is dependent upon local topography and is intimately connected

with the development as high and low pressure zones. The controlling factors for the

pressure changes lie much beyond the manual mining operation in small scale. Thus, no

adverse impact on the regional wind speed is anticipated due to the mining operations.

Temperature The temperature pattern is a regional behaviour and is not likely to be affected by the mining

activity by manual open cast mining in the riverbed.

Rainfall The trend of rainfall follows a regional pattern and is mainly governed by the south west

monsoon and disturbances in the Arabian Sea. The mining operation, therefore, is not likely

to have any adverse impacts on rainfall pattern.

Humidity The pattern of relative humidity depends mainly on the rainfall, wind, temperature and other

weather phenomenon that are regional in behaviour. The mining operation is not likely to

have any impact on the relative humidity in the surrounding

4.5. Water Environment

4.5.1. Impact on Water Resources

Surface Water

In the present case of riverbed mining the requirement of water for dust suppression (0.8

KLD) and green belt (0.3 KLD) shall be met from the local khad in which mining is being

proposed. The total requirement of 1.1 KLD (1.27 X 10-5 cumec) water abstracted from the

khad is infinitesimal as compared to the minimum discharge (1.6 cumec) in the river during

1st 10 daily of June in 90% dependable year. Thus there shall be no impact on surface water

resource.

Ground Water

Hydro-geologically the study is comprised of Siwalaik & Subathu Group (Semi-consolidated).

In the study area, fracture or fault zones form potential ground water zones. The ground

water level in the project area could not be established as it is often the case in mountainous

terrain. Considering the hydro geology of the fluvial deposits along the longitudinal and flow

section of the khad. The groundwater is likely to exist 8 to 10m below the ground level and

the hydraulic gradient seems to follow east south trend which is manifest from the surface




gradient of the course of Rana Khad at site. The mining activities shall be confined to 1m

depth below natural surface level, therefore the ground water is likely to be intersected.

There will be no impact on the ground water resource as there will be no draft from the

ground water for mining activities. However, the sand, in the river section, acts like a sponge

and consequently help in recharging the water table and thus its continuous removal shall

lead to progressive depletion in infiltration and recharging capacity, but the impact shall be

temporary and insignificant.

4.5.2. Impact on Surface Water Quality

Though the mining activities shall not be in stream mining as the pits will be dug at locations

away from the current, yet due to diurnal variation of flow the possibilities of mining pits being

inundated cannot be ruled out. In such scenario the mining activities shall be again restored

only after the pit water is drained out and channelized into the current by digging small cunit

(drain), in this process some sediments will get dislodged from their position and thus flow

with current. This shall lead to increase in siltation rate. The observed value of total

suspended solids (TSS) ranged between 18 – 22mg/l (18-22 ppm) since the observations

was made during winter season, when the sedimentation rate in the river is invariably low.

Considering 20% increase in siltation due to mining the TSS value shall be of the order of 22

– 26 mg/l. The resultant value of the TSS shall be too low to create any considerable impact

on the turbidity in the river water. The transparency of water shall not be impaired to the

extent that the available sunlight ceases to power the photosynthetic reaction.

Mitigation Measures

The mining in the flooded pits shall be allowed only after the water level has receded.

Sufficient time should be allowed for settling of sediment in the pits

4.5.3. Impact on Ground Water Quality

In view of the facts that the mining activities does not intersect the ground water table. No

impact on the quality of ground water is anticipated. Beside this the sand bajri stone are non-

toxic in nature and therefore percolated water from the pits shall not impair the ground water

quality.

4.5.4. Impact on Hydrological features

The pit mining may lead to channel incision and induce lowering of water table hydrologically

connected to the river. In the mine lease area the river flows within well-defined banks and




the riverbed slope in the lease area is 23.5m / km, the creation of mine pits in 1m depth and

small surface dimensions, sloping in the general direction of flow, separated by levees, shall

not disturb the existing river bed gradients and thus there will be no possibility of channel

incision. Since, in the present case the highest and the lowest altitudes in the ML area is 871

and 848 masl respectively.

4.5.5. Impact on Morphological features

The excavation steepens the u/s bed slope of the channel and may lower the base level of

the nearby tributary, if any cause their bank erosion. In the present case the average river

bed slope, upto 5.35 km u/s of the mine site is 24.1 m/km which is steeper than the river bed

slope within the mine lease area is 23.5m/km which will be least affected due to lowering of

bed by 1m with in the mine lease area. Thus there will be no increase in steepness in u/s bed

slope of the khad. Besides this the bed level of Laban khad which meets Rana khad laterally

shall not be affected as the former has comparatively high bed gradient at the point of

confluence. The riverbed mining shall be by rotation in the areas fixed for winning the

material in different years. The portion from which the material is extracted shall be again put

to mining activities after encountering two floods i.e. after the pit has replenished.

4.5.6. Impact on Irrigation/Water supply schemes

From the upper most extremity of the lease area of Balh site at approximately 0.8 km u/s a lift

drinking water scheme, constructed by project proponent for providing water supply to project

affected villages and another lift irrigation scheme, Balh Chalargarh LIS (74 ha), takes off

about 400m from the upper extremity of the mine lease area. On d/s of the confluence of

Rana Khad with Luni Khad, Bhararoo, LIS (41 ha), about 3.5 km d/s of mine lease area, also

harness the water of Rana Khad. Since only 1.1 KLD (1.27 X 10-5 cumec) shall be harnessed

from Rana Khad for dust suppression and watering in plantation, there shall be not impact in

the authorized head discharges of the d/s irrigation / water schemes. Due to mining there will

be slight increase in siltation and the resultant value of the TSS shall be too low to create any

considerable impact on the turbidity in the river water. The transparency of water shall not be

impaired to the extent that the available sunlight ceases to power the photosynthetic reaction.

The average slope of the Rana Khad u/s of lease is too high (24.1 m/km). Therefore, the

possibility of any bed retrogression due to 1m deep mining is ruled out owing to the distance

and due to the hard river bed strata. There shall be no impact on the structure of the d/s lift

irrigation scheme as it is 3.5 km away from the mine lease area.

4.6. Noise And Vibration




The main noise generating source during riverbed mining operation and related activities are

is the truck movement to and fro from riverbed site to stone crusher site (Balh). The mine is

away from the settlements and also from the SH/district roads. Only vehicle used in

connection with the project activity at the HRT intake throng the site. The noise monitoring

shows that day and night time noise levels are highest at mine site and due to flow of river

and exceed the prescribed limit, Leq day and night noise level at the site is 71.6 dB(A)

4.6.1. Impact on Noise Level

In order to predict ambient noise levels due to the mining the noise modeling has been done.

For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the mine lease site, noise

levels are predicted by a user friendly model the details of which are elaborated below.

4.6.2. Model for sound wave propagation during mining

For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient air from the point source,

a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The noise generated by

equipment decreases with increased distance from the source due to wave divergence. An

additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected due to

atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path.

For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free medium, one can

estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different source using model based on first

principles, as per the following equation:

LP2=LP1 – 20Log (r2 / r1) - AE ……………………………. (1)

Where,

LP2 And L P1 are the Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) at points located at a distances of r2 and r1 from the

source. AE is attenuations due to Environmental conditions (E). The combined effect of the entire

source can be determined at various locations by the following equation.

LP (total) = 10Log (10 (Lpa)/10 + 10 Lpb)/10 + 10 Lpc)/10 + ………) (2)

Where Lpa, LPb, LPc are noise pressure levels at a point due to different sources.

Environment Correction (AE)

The equivalent sound pressure level can be calculated from the measured sound pressure level (Leq

measured) averaged over the measurement surface area ‘S’ and from corrections K1 and K2 and is given

by;




(Leq measured) = (Leq measured) – K1 – K2 (3)

461. Where,

K1 = Factor for the background noise correction. The correction was not applied in this modeling

exercise, as it was not possible to measure the background noise levels by putting off machines

hence it was considered as zero.

K2 = Environmental correction

4.7. Input for the model

An input noise model has been generated with the source of noise to be generated

intermittently due to operation and movement of truck/tripper, conveyers movement, service

vans, crushing, truck movement. Intermittent noise would generated due to operation and

movement of truck/tippers/tractors and the standard value of 75 to 95 dB(A) at 1 m distance

from the source.

4.7.1. Model outputs

The ambient noise levels have been predicted for proposed mining. The predicted noise

levels at the boundary of the mine in different directions are given in Table 4.1. There will be

slight impact on the village during blasting for a short period and due to masking effect it will

not have any significant impact for rest of the time.

Table 4.1 : Predicted Noise Levels

Distance

from mine

site (m)

Ambient noise

levels dB(A) at

the riverbed site

Noise level due to

deployment of construction

machinery dB(A)

Resultant noise level

due to construction

activities dB(A)

1 71.6 85 85.19

10 51.6 65 65.19

100 31.6 45 45.19

500 17.6 31 31.19

It is evident from the table the noise levels due to noise source from river and truck

movement are attenuated after 100 m distance from the mine site. The resultant noise levels

are very high at mine site (85.19 dB(A)).

4.7.2. Mitigation Measures to Reduce Ambient Noise Levels




The following control measures will be adopted to keep the ambient noise levels below

permissible limits 75 dB (A).

(i) Provision and maintenance of thick tree belts to screen noise.

(ii) Avenue plantation within the project area to dampen the noise.

(iii) Proper maintenance of noise generating transport vehicles.

(iv) Regular noise level monitoring shall be carried out periodically for taking corrective

action

To protect the workers from exposures to higher noise levels the following measures will be

adopted.

(i) Provision of protective devices like ear muffs/ear plugs to those workers who cannot be

isolated from the source of noise

(ii) Reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels by rotation.

4.7.3. Impacts due to ground vibration (due to blasting)

No ground vibration due to mining activity shall be imparted as no blasting is proposed for the

mining.

4.8. Impacts on Air Environment

Basically, dust sources in mines can be categorized as primary sources that generate the

dust and secondary sources, which disperse the dust and carry it from place to place called

as fugitive dust.

Impacts of mining on air quality are cause for concern mainly due to fugitive emissions of

particulate matter and gases. The major operations producing dust in river bed mining are pit

excavation, segregation and screening of material, loading and transporting to the crushing

unit. Exhaust emissions from vehicles deployed is also likely to result in marginal increase in the

levels of SO2, NOx, PM10, CO and unburnt hydrocarbons.

The collection/extraction of river borne material and its handling, loading & unloading will

cause momentary rise in the PM10. The dust liberated in mining and other related operations

is injurious to health if inhaled in sufficient quantity regularly as may lead to lung disease.

Dust Emission Rate




The maximum production from the mine in any one year is 15000 MT, which implies that handling

in the mine is 56 TPD on the basis of 270 working days annually. Therefore per hourly handling of

material per day (8 hr/day operation) shall be is 7.0 t/ hr.

The dust emissions in the present case has been assessed considering the empirical factor of

given in “Indian Mining and Engineering Journal”.

Total handling of material will be 7 t/hr.

Rate of emission @ 23.6 kg/ hr for handling 1000 t/ hr

= 7.0 t/ hr X 23.6 kg/ hr = 0.165 kg/hr

1000 t / hr

= 0.165 X 1000 = 0.046g/sec

60x60

The dust emission rate calculated as above is in respect of uncontrolled emissions. Due to

moist conditions at mine site and moisture content of the riverbed matrix, installation and

operation of dust control measures at mining site, the emissions will be drastically reduced.

Otherwise also the emission rate concentration is too little hence; no Air modelling is required

for the present project for pollutant PM10. The maximum concentration of Air pollutants like

PM10 , SO2 and NOX observed at mine site are 49.6 µg/cum, 8 µg/cum, 17.5 µg/cum which

are far below the NAAQS, fixed by CPCB for “Residential and Rural” areas.

The major contribution to pollution in air shall be from transportation of mined material to

stone crusher unit located at a distance of 3.5 Km. For transportation of a maximum daily

production of 56 MT raw material, two tipper (10MT capacity) shall be deployed considering

that one tipper / truck shall make three trips per day. The fugitive emission alone from the

transportation resulting from movement of two tippers per day for three trips shall be

inconsequential. The existing baseline concentration of CO has been found to be 215-300

µg/cum which is far below the limit of 2000 µg/cum as per NAAQS, fixed by CPCB.

As the project does not involve any drilling and blasting, use of boiler / furnace and

deployment of DG Sets, thus there is no point source of Air pollution. Thus, there is no need

for any air quality modelling using FDM or other models. Otherwise also in the wake of the

fact that the mine lease area is very small being less than 25ha and no DG set of 500 KVA




and above is being used for captive power generation, air quality impact prediction by

modelling is not warranted .

Mitigation Measures

Following mitigation measures shall be adopted during mining activities to control air pollution

load below the prescribed limits:

Water spraying on haul roads by mobile and fixed sprinklers at regular interval.

Designing and laying haul roads in gentle grade and in hard stratum as far as

possible. The road surface along the river bank shall be properly laid with grid and

small pebbles to eliminate air borne dust.

Avenue plantation on roadsides besides plantation around the mine lease area , will

help in reducing the emission.

It shall be ensured that the laborers working at or near high dust prone area use dust

filters / mask.

Covered or hooded trucks shall be used for transportation. Care shall be taken to

prevent spillage of material.

4.9. Biological Environment

4.9.1. Impact on Flora

The proposed mine lease area is ‘gair mumkin Khad’’ falling in forest land. In the core

zone of mine lease area there is a shoal deposit over which vegetation has grown

over the time. Since there will be no felling of trees or deforestation, there will be no

impact on flora of the core zone. The mining activity per se shall not lead to any

impact on the terrestrial flora of the buffer zone either. There are no national parks,

sanctuaries, notified biospheres, Tiger/Elephant Corridors, Birds migratory routes,

etc. within 10 km radius. Nearest Wildlife Sanctuary is Nargu, which is 40 kms from

Joginder nagar across Ulh River in Mandi district

The dust is the only major pollutant which will be generated from different activities of

mining. The effect of particulate matter on vegetation is in the form of incrustation,

plugging of stomata, and loss of chlorophyll and reduction of photosynthesis process.

Disturbance in plant metabolism due to deposition of dust particles on foliar surfaces

leads to reduction in plant growth. The atmospheric concentrations normally do not

reach a level sufficient to induce acute injury.

The annual plantation proposed for five years of mining period shall greatly help in

developing a good vegetal cover on the upper terrace near the bank of the river and




eventually attract micro fauna, birds etc in the area. Thus there will be positive impact

on terrestrial environment around the mine lease area.

4.9.1.1 Measures for Minimizing Impact on Flora

It shall be ensured that no mining shall be carried out inside the land prohibited from

mining activities.

Green Belt shall be properly designed in consultation with the forest department.

Plantation shall be carried out as per periodical plantation programme.

Fast growing and evergreen trees, trees with broad leaf resistant to specific pollutant

and those which would maintain the regional ecological balance, soil and hydrological

conditions shall be favoured.

4.9.2. Impact on Fauna

The mining lease area, falling in river bed is very near to the agricultural field /

settlements on either bank. Intervention in the riverbed will impact Butterflies and

birds which are quite sensitive to noise and human presence. No endangered

species of fauna is found in and around lease area. As such, there will be temporary

and insignificant affect on fauna around the mining lease area.

4.9.2.1 Measures for Minimizing Impact on Fauna

Following measures will be adopted to minimize the impact of mining on faunal

environment of the area.

Progressive afforestation will create favorable conditions and good habitat for fauna in

the area.

Measures shall be adopted to curb pollution due to air, water, land & noise

environment.

Creating and developing awareness for nature and wildlife in the adjoining villages.

4.9.3. Impact on Aquatic Ecology

In stream, mining may destruct in channel features like riffles and pools, which are

largely responsible for enhancing aquatic habitat. Large scale and prolonged mining

can increase TSS downstream thereby affecting benthic invertebrates and fish

population.

The mining activities shall result in slight increase in siltation. Increased turbidity of

the water results in lesser penetration of sunlight thereby affecting photosynthesis of




the phytoplankton (Ripley, 1966), which are primary producers in aquatic

ecosystems. Increased sediment loads may also alter the benthic fauna.

Considering 20% increase in siltation due to mining the TSS value shall be of the

order of 22 – 26 mg/l in lean period. The resultant value of the TSS shall be too low to

create any considerable impact on the turbidity in the river water. The transparency of

water shall not be impaired to the extent that the available sunlight ceases to power

the photosynthetic reaction. No mining activity is envisaged during monsoon season

when the TSS is very high and the flow velocities are comparatively higher than other

months.

4.10. Impact on Socio-Economic Environment

The entire mine lease area lies within the forest land, the project does not involve any

loss of agriculture land. Some of the impacts would be directly beneficial to the socio-

economic environment due to proposed employment potential. The beneficial impacts

due to the activities in the region would be:

Employment for 25 persons in the various mine activities.

Indirect employment in transport sector.

Amelioration of the general living standards of local persons employed in

mining activities.

The higher earnings will result in more purchase power.

Improvement in the economic growth in the region by way of additional

mineral availability.

Benefit to the State and the Central governments through financial revenues

by way of royalty, tax, duties, etc from this project directly and also indirectly.

Adverse Impacts

The adverse impacts on socio-economic environment due to mining activities in the region

will be:

Dust will affect to the local air environment and this dust will settle down on nearby

agricultural fields and will affect the productivity of the land and increase in

respiratory problems.

Soil erosion, landslides and loss of fertility etc.




There may be some conflict of utilization of local resources between project

proponent and local communities.

Contamination of water, soil and air due to mining.

4.10.1. TRANSPORT

4.10.1.1 Impact on Road and Traffic

The material shall be transported from the riverbed mine to a distance of 6 km upto the stone

crushing unit established near the HRT complex of the project area of UHL Stage III. The

traffic density on the surrounding roads of the mine site is very low and capable of handling

of increased traffic. In the proposed mining, for transportation of a maximum production of 56

MT raw material, two tippers (10MT capacity) shall be deployed considering that each tipper /

truck shall make three trips per day. Hence, the local transport / infrastructure facilities are

capable of handling the increased load due to mining activities. As the extracted material

shall be transported to the stone crushing unit located within the project area itself. There will

be no impact to the existing road network of state / district highway.

4.10.1.2 Control Measures for Impact Due to Traffic

Following control measures have been suggested to prevent air pollution due to the

transportation activities:

The road shall be strengthened to cater the increase in traffic transportation.

Avenue Plantation shall be carried out along the road for dust control.

Proper maintenance of the road and its curbs will be done.

Transport trucks/tippers shall be properly maintained.

Adequate sign board

Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, DartBagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,



CHAPTER 5. : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1. General

The requirement of the huge demand of construction material, like coarse aggregate (3.62

lac cum) and fine aggregate (1.81 lac cum) needed in concrete works of various components

of the project, could be either met through extraction from the natural available materials in

shoal deposits of riverbed quarry site or from quarrying operations involving blasting at Rock

in-situ quarries. The latter option involves considerable land degradation as compared to the

former. In case the river bound, material is of good quality and found suitable for use as road

material as well as course aggregate for non-wearing and wearing surface in concrete works,

the riverbed mining presents good options. The study for alternative analysis involves in-

depth examination of site and technology.

5.2. Alternative Sites

In mountain rivers the alluvium predominantly comprises of boulder, cobbles, pebbles and

fine drained soil consisting of mud, silt and sand invariably are deposited on the inside bends

(convex banks), where the water flows more slowly and has less power to transport the

bed/sedimentary load. Thus, a river can present numerous sites where the aggradation of

sediments takes place and large shoal deposits are formed. These sites can be used from

techno-economical considerations depending upon the distance (lead) from mine site to the

crushing unit. The mining is thus site specific. In the present case the river/khad flows in a

sinuous path characterized by presence of shoal deposits at inner curves where the river

energy is reduced. In this reach, the deposition of river born material takes place in the form

of shoal deposits. The riverbed is strewn with boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sand. In such

high gradient reaches, high velocities exceeding 5m / sec are developed. In this reach, the

competency of the river is very high and increases with the square of its velocity. The site is

very near to the point of end use i.e. near the project component.

Apart from this, the quarry site was used for obtaining stone aggregate material during the

construction of UHL stage – II project (Bassi Power house (60 MW)). Therefore, the project

proponent has sought the lease of the land for mining of stone/sand/bajri from this quarry site

for consumptive use in their project.

5.3. Alternative Technology

The open cast mining could be manual/semi-mechanized/mechanized depending upon the

geological and topographical setup of the mineral (ROM) to be won. The project involves

open cast manual mining in a depth of 1m from natural surface level of riverbed without use

of blasting as well as other earth moving equipment. As such, the conventional method of

Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 2.7346 ha) Kh. No. 479, DartBagla, Patwar Circle Chattar,



mining has been adopted. Otherwise ,also the provision of Section 21 (2-A) of Himachal

Pradesh Minor Minerals (Concession) Revised Rules, 1971, holds that, no mechanical

mining through mechanical excavator including any other earth moving machines like J.C.B,

Buldozer, Pocklain, Loders etc. shall be carried out in river or stream bed by the lease holder

or permit holder or contractor as the case may be.




CHAPTER 6. : ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1. General

The monitoring and evaluation of environmental parameters indicates potential changes

occurring in the environment, which paves way for implementation of rectifying measures

wherever required to maintain the status of the natural environment. Evaluation is also a very

effective tool to judge the effectiveness or deficiency of the measures adopted and provides

insight for future corrections.

6.2. Areas of concern

In case of river bed mining projects, the changes relating to water, aquatic biota, air, noise,

biodiversity of the area and stability of river bank slopes and plantation programme need

special attention, from monitoring point of view, during the conceptual mine plan period to

judge the efficiency of measures implemented for conservation of environment.

6.3. Environmental Monitoring

The overall impact assessment of the proposed project was carried out and monitoring plans

have been framed based on the severity of impacts in different areas. During the EIA study, it

has been observed that the air quality and water quality are not going to be affected

significantly and only, temporary changes in these parameters are expected. The preventive/

curative measures to reduce the ill effects of construction activities on these parameters have

been suggested under various plans. A holistic approach has been adapted for monitoring of

air, noise and water related factors under different heads with suitable financial provisions for

their implementation.

6.4. Environmental Monitoring Programme

All the environmental parameters viz. air, water, noise, soil will be monitored regularly in

order to detect any changes from the baseline status. Monitoring program will be followed;

every year as per the schedule , till the mining activity ceases .

6.4.1. Air Quality Monitoring and Management:

Two locations one each in core zone and buffer zone preferably at Bagla village nearest to

the mine site and other at Jalpher will be monitored for four weeks in every season except

monsoon. The 24 hr. monitoring shall be done in respect of PM10, SO2 and NOx. It should be

made mandatory on the part of the contractors that they use the required equipment for

monitoring gaseous pollutants in and around the project and submit a detailed report every

fortnight to the project authorities for evaluation and monitoring purposes. The air quality in




and around the project area can be improved by the application of following practices/

methods.

Pit Excavation work may be carried out after sprinkling water on the surface of the area to

be mined on daily basis subject to site requirements.

To settle down the dust in project area especially around crushing plants, excessive use

of water sprinklers is the best method.

6.4.2. Ambient Noise Levels Monitoring and Management:

Noise levels in the working area will be monitored once in every season till the continuation

of mining operations. Ambient noise levels will also be monitored once in a season at one

site each in the core and buffer zone preferably at Bagla village nearest to the mine site and

other at Jalpher to evaluate the noise status and its effects on the surrounding community.

The level of noise will definitely rise above threshold level in the project area. Therefore, it

would be most appropriate if following measures are rigorously applied during construction

phase of the project.

Continuous monitoring of sound level within the project area.

Extensive plantation to be carried out in the project area as plants absorb sound and

make a barrier for its travel to long distances.

Provision of Air muffs to workers working in mine site.

Compulsory Periodic Maintenance of transportation vehicles and crushing plant.

6.4.3. Water Quality Monitoring and Management:

Water is one of most precious natural resources. Human beings are highly dependent on

water for various purposes such as domestic needs, sanitation irrigation, industry, and

disposal of wastes etc. The terrestrial and aquatic fauna also depend upon the water. The

catchment of the Rana Khad and its tributaries upto the mine site does not host any industry.

Thus, the stream water is almost free from major industrial chemical pollutants. The mining

activity in riverbed will lead to increase in siltation though to a lesser degree. Further, due to

congregation of laborers during the construction phase, the water quality in this stretch may

get deteriorated if proper sanitation facilities are not provided to them. The probable water

pollutants which may cause pollution during the construction phase of this project are:-

Suspended solids

Biodegradable organic matters

Pathogens and vectors

Nutrients




Dissolved inorganic solids

The Bureau of Indian Standards has prescribed clear-cut guidelines for the maintenance of

surface water quality standards, which are given in Table-6.1.

Table 6.1 : National River Water Quality Standards for Different Uses*

Sl.

No.

Characteristics Tolerance Limit

Drinking

water

source

with

conventi

onal

treatmen

t

Outdoo

r

bathing

Drinking

water

source

with

convention

al

treatment

but after

disinfection

Fish

culture

and

wildlife

propagat

ion

Irrigatio

n

industri

al

cooling

or

controll

ed

water

disposal

A B C D E

1. pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

2. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l),

min

6 5 4 4 -

3. BOD (5-days at 200 C,

mg/l, min

2 3 3 - -

4. Total Coliform Organism,

MPN/100, max

50 500 5000 - -

5. Colour, Hazen units, max 10 300 300 - -

6. Odour 10 300 300 - -

7. Taste Tasteless - - - -

8. Total Dissolved Solids,

mg/l, max

500 - 1500 - 2100

9. Total Hardness (as

CaCO3),mg/l, max.

300 - - - -

10. Calcium Hardness (as

CaCO3), mg/l, max

200 - - - -

11. Magnesium Hardness (as

CaCO3), mg/l, max

100 - - - -

12. Copper (as Cu), mg/l, max 1.5 - 1.5 - -

13. Iron (as Fe), mg/l, max 0.3 - 0.5 - -

14. Manganese (as Mn), mg/l,

max

0.5 - - -

15. Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, max 250 - 600 - 600

16. Sulphates (as SO4), mg/l,

max

400 - 400 - 1000

17. Nitrates (as NO3), mg/l,

max

20 - 50 - -

18. Fluorides (as F), mg/l, max 1.5 1.5 1.5 - -

19. Phenolic Compounds (as

C6H5OH), mg/l, max

0.002 0.005 0.005 - -




20. Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, max 0.001 - - - -

21. Cadmium (as CD), mg/l,

max

0.01 - 0.01 - -

22. Selenium (as Se), mg/l,

max

0.01 - 0.05 - -

23. Arsenic (as As), mg/l, max 0.05 0.2 0.2 - -

24. Cyanide (as CN), mg/l,

max

0.05 0.05 0.05 - -

25. Lead (as Pb), mg/l, max 0.1 - 0.1 - -

26. Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, max 15 - 15 - -

27. Chromium (as Cr6+), mg/l,

max

0.05 - 0.05 - -

28. Anionic Detergents (as

MBAS), mg/l, max.

0.2 1 1 - -

29. Polynuclear Aromatic

Hydrocarbons (as PAH)

0.2 - - - -

30. Mineral Oil, mg/l, max 0.01 - 0.1 0.1 -

31. Barium (as Ba), mg/l, max 1 - - - -

32. Silver (as Ag), mg/l, max 0.05 - - - -

33. Pesticides Absent - - - -

34. Alpha emitters, uC/ml, max 10-9 10-9 10-9 - -

35. Beta emitters, uC/ml, max 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-8

36. Free Ammonia (as N),

mg/l, max

- - - 1.2

37. Electrical Conductance at

250C, mhos, max

- - - 1000 x 10-6 2250 x 10-

6

38. Free Carbon dioxide (as

CO), mg/l, max

- - - 61

39. Sodium absorption ratio - - - - 26

40. Boron (as B), mg/l, max - - - - -

41. Percent sodium, max - - - - -

* IS: 2296

Water monitoring in every season except monsoon will be done for the river/khad at one

location each on u/s and d/s extremity of the core area and compared to baseline in order to

have look, if any corrective measures are needed. The water quality parameters to be

monitored quarterly are shown in Table-6.2.




Table 6.2 : Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters will be monitored

S. No. Parameter S. No. Parameter

1 pH 12 Fluorides

2 Electrical Conductivity 13 Iron

3 Turbidity 14 DO

4 Water Temperature 15 Phosphates

5 TSS 16 BOD

6 TDS 17 COD

7 Total hardness 18 Alkalinity

8 Magnesium 19 Chlorides

9 Calcium 20 Oil and Grease

10 Nitrates 21 Total Coliform

11 Sulphates 22 E-Coli

6.4.4. Soil Quality Assessment:

Soil samples will be collected from one site each at core and buffer zone and quality will be

checked once every except monsoon in order to see any positive or negative impacts of the

operations. Soil samples will be collected from the plantation areas within the ML area in

order to observe the improvement or deficiencies in the soil fertility and to take corrective

actions. The soil analysis shall be carried out for the physico chemical characteristics like

pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and status of macro – nutrients like Nitrogen,

Phosphate, Potassium and micro – nutrients like zinc, iron, boron, etc.

6.4.5. Plantation

Plantation before the onset of monsoon season will be done progressively until the final

closure of the mine. An environment management group will carry out the monitoring as per

schedule durations and parameters mentioned in Table 6.3.

6.4.6. Monitoring of erosion and stability of river bank

The project proponent shall closely monitor the condition of the bank of the river/khad with in

the mine lease area, one time each before monsoon and post monsoon. Based on the

observation, the corrective measures in the form of retaining wall / gabion structure shall be

provided at the affected banks at the toe, to control the land slips/bank erosion, if necessary

boulder sparse shall be proposed for channelizing the river current.

6.5. Environment Management Group

For implementation of Environment Management Plan, a small unit called Environment

Management Group will be formed under the control of the Environment Engineer. The job of

this cell will be:




Implementation of pollution control measure.

Monitoring programme implementation.

Post-plantation care.

To estimate the efficiency of pollution control measures taken.

To bring out any other unforeseen effect on environment not covered under report.

Seeking expert’s advice when needed.

The task of monitoring of various environmental parameters could be assigned to H. P. State

Pollution Control Board or any other agency approved by MoEF / SPCB. However, the

project proponent shall procure a few field instruments like RDS, Noise level meter, Water

testing kit.

6.6. Environment Policy/Violations of Environment Norms/ Hierarchal System

6.6.1. Environment Policy

Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited, formed for execution of the works of UHL Stage III

HEP (100 MW), is a legal heir of erstwhile Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited. It is a

state govt. undertaking and is entrusted with the job of construction of UHL Stage III Project.

The HEP has been accorded Environmental Clearance by the MoEF in the year 2003. The

present mining project is for obtaining riverbed material for the production of coarse and fine

aggregates to be consumed in project work, therefore the activity related to the mining

project are incumbent upon the main HEP.

The BVPCL has no laid down environmental policy of its own, but is strictly adhering to the

central and the state rules and acts in context to the environment protection

BVPCL is already complying with the environmental norms and conditions set forth in the

main Environmental Clearance of the project and is submitting compliance to the MoEF

periodically as warranted under th9e EC letter.

6.6.2. Infringement / deviation of the environment or forest norms/conditions

The BVPCL is complying with the environmental norms set out by the Center / State

Government, which are being closely monitored by the MoEF, New Delhi and the State

Pollution Control Board, Shimla, Forest Department. IPH department and Geological Wing of

Department of Industries, Himachal Pradesh. Any infringement / deviation / violation of the

rules contained in various environment and other rules and acts such as State

Environmental Policy, 2005, State Water Policy, 2003, State Forest Policy, 1980, Wildlife

Protection Act, 1972, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, 1987, and Noise

Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rule 2000. The Himachal Pradesh minor minerals

(concession) revised rules, 1971, if and whenever brought to the notice of BVPCL, the same




are being addressed by the corporation / construction agencies engaged for the project. As a

safeguard a well-documented Environment monitoring plan has been formulated.

6.6.3. Hierarchical System of the Company

The BVPCL, like any other corporation, has a pyramid type hierarchal system for

administration. The corporation is headed by the Chairman duly assisted by the Managing

Director as project head. The Engineer – In- Charge of work (E.I.C.) is responsible for

execution of works under the project and he is supported by four Senior Executive Engineers

who are responsible for direct execution of work and planning. Twelve Assistant Engineers

Civil / Electricals (A.E.) supervise the construction work under jurisdiction of the concerned

Sr. Executive engineer. The environmental issues and compliance of the EC conditions is

being looked into by the Sr. Executive Engineers ------------ through the Assistant Engineers

deputed for the Environmental work. The Hierarchical Administrative Setup is shown in

Figure 6.1.

Figure 6.1 : Hierarchical Administrative Setup

6.7. Cost of Environment Monitoring Plan

The cost in respect of monitoring of environmental attributes, parameter to be monitored,

sampling/monitoring locations with frequency and cost provision against each is shown in

Table 6.3. The total cost of environemtnal plan works out to Rs. 2.50 lac.

Table 6.3 : Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programme

Sl.

No.

Aspect Parameters to

be monitored

Frequency Location Cost

Estimates

(Rs. lac)

Implementing and

Pursuing Agency




1 Air Quality

monitoring

SO2, NO

X, CO,

PM10

Four weeks in

one season

except monsoon

2 locations as

already specified 0.9

H.P. State Pollution Control

Board or any approved

agency of MOEF

2 Noise Quality

Monitoring

Noise level Once quarterly

except monsoon

2 locations as




agency of MOEF

3 Water quality

Monitoring

All parameters

given in water

quality

Once quarterly

except monsoon

2 locations as




agency of MOEF

4 Soil Parameters

given under soil

monitoring

Once yearly

except monsoon

2 locations as




agency of MOEF

5. Plantation Plants and

shrubs in the

green belt area

and there

mortality status

At the time of

plantation before

monsoon and

quarterly

thereafter

Green belt area

within the mine

lease area, haul

roads

- Project Proponent as routine

inspection

6. Erosion and

Bank Stability

Conditions of

vulnerable banks

and of check

dam /spurs

Before monsoon

and post

monsoon every

year

Lease area - Project Proponent as routine

inspection

7. Celebration of

Environment

Day

Yearly At village Bagla 0.2 Project Proponent

2.50




CHAPTER 7. : ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1. General

After having gone through the various aspects of the river bed mining at the proposed site

and the related documents like Form–I and PFR, the SEAC, H.P., in its 22nd meeting, held on

1.1.2013, set out the scoping clearance and issued ToR proposed for environmental impact

assessment studies and preparation of environmental management plan for River bed mining

and for submission of report after Public Hearing. The Terms of Reference issued by the

SEAC, Himachal Pradesh is very comprehensive and subjective covering every aspects of

mining activities and the related environmental issues to be addressed.

7.2. Public Consultation

Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited and now its legal heir “Beas Valley Power

Corporation Limited” has been executing the works of UHL Stage III HEP (100 MW) for quite

a long time. The public of the area is well aware of the project, which has been already

accorded the Environmental Clearance by the MoEF, New Delhi. Now the project proponent

intend to use the river bed material of Rana khad in construction of the different project

component, for which purpose the EIA of the riverbed mine is being carried out in

accordance with Terms of Reference. During site visit by the EIA team interacted with the

local villagers in context to the project though no acquisition of public land and thus R&R

issue is involved.

In consonance with the EIA notification 14th September 2006, vide section 7(i) related to

public consultation, the Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board shall conduct the

Public Hearing for ascertaining concerns of local affected persons or other concerned

persons having plausible stake in the environmental aspect of the project activity. After

completion of the public consultation, the project proponent shall address all the material

environmental concerns expressed during the consultation process.

7.3. Risk Assessment

The mining activities involve certain types of hazards, during operation and close, which can

disrupt normal activities abruptly and lead to disaster like fires, inundation, failure of

machinery, explosion, to name a few. The impending dangers or risks, which need be

investigated addressed, disaster management plan formulated with an aim to taking

precautionary steps to avert disaster and to take such action after the disaster, which limits

the damage to the minimum.

Nevertheless, the following natural/industrial problem may be encountered during the open

cast manual riverbed mining operation at the mine site.




Inundation is mine pits.

Failure of Slope of riverbanks.

Surface fire (Oil).

In order to take care of above hazards/disasters, the following will be strictly followed:

Working of mines as per approved plans.

All safety precautions and preventions of CMR 1957 shall be strictly followed during

all mining operations.

Regular maintenance of transport vehicles.

Entry of unauthorized persons will be prohibited.

Periodic checking of worthiness of fire fighting and first aid provision in the mining

area.

Training and refresher courses for all the employees.

As a part of disaster management plan, a rescue team will be formed by imparting

specialized training to select mining staff.

7.4. Inundation

Though no mining activities is envisaged during monsoon season (June to September), yet in

the context of the present mine the inundation cannot be ruled out due to flash flood in the

catchment during non-monsoon season. Following precautionary measures shall be

undertaken

The local nalas will be diverted along the boundary of lease area.

A careful assessment of the danger of inundation from surface water shall be made

before onset of monsoon season every year and adequate precautions against such

dangers shall be implemented.

Effectiveness of precautions, obstruction in normal drainage system etc. shall be

checked regularly.

Standing orders for withdrawal of persons from mine in case of apprehended danger

shall be framed and enforced.

7.5. Disaster Due To Failure Of Pit Slope

The mining involves excavation in pits of only 1m depth from the natural surface level in the

riverbed. The riverbed material is a consolidated matrix comprising of boulders, shingles and

sand having an angle of repose of 300 - 450. Since the depth of the pit is less and the slope

material has a good angle of repose, probability of any planer failure, or wedge failure of pit

are not there. Beside this the angle of slope may further improve in wet conditions.




7.6. Disaster Due To Failure Of Mine Waste Dump

Sliding of surface waste dump is an equally severe risk compared to quarry slope failure.

Hence, it is imperative that the degree of hazard against potential failure of waste dump

slopes should be identified and that precautionary measures are adopted, if required. The

overall waste dump slope, considering the angle of repose, should not be more than 35º-37º.

In the present case of riverbed mining, the mine waste material is silt and clay which have

been proposed to be disposed in the area designated for plantation and shall be properly

dressed and levelled for creation of the green belt / plantation. Thus, no surface dumps have

been proposed under the plan. Besides this the small heaps of finer material like sand are

likely to be formed during the screening process. The natural heap surface of about 1m high

have an angle of repose of about 250 and are quite safe.

7.7. Disaster Due To Surface Fire

The chances of surface fire resulting per se from the manual riverbed mining activities are

well nigh impossible. In winters the labour some time use fuel wood to warm themselves. The

fire can result from the negligence of the labour, but it will be localized and shall not spread

as the core zone area of the mine has no appreciable woody material, which can easily catch

fire. As a safety, measure against fire hazard a fire extinguisher will be installed at rest

shelter.

7.8. Disaster Management Plan

In order to handle disaster/emergency situations, an organizational chart entrusting

responsibility to various project personnel will be prepared with their specific roles during

emergency.

7.9. Occupational Health and Safety

The effects of air pollution on human health are well documented. There are controversies in

many respects, but there is sample evidence to show that air pollution is definitely a

contributing factor to chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema.

Health and Safety Measures to control dust inhalation; precautions would be adopted to

prevent dust generation at site and dispersing in the environment. For the safety of workers

at site, engaged at strategic dust generation points like loading and unloading points,

screening plant etc., dust masks would be provided. Dust masks would prevent inhalation of

RSPM thereby reducing the risk of lung diseases and other respiratory disorders. Regular

health monitoring of workers will be carried out. Lung function test and audiometry test will be




the essential part of health checkups as mine workers are prone to these. The mines

management prepares particular budget of Rs. 500.00 per employee/year for the health

maintenance of all the employees who will be employed at the mine site. First aid facility

should be available at the rest shelter

Training will be imparted to all the workers for health safety measures so that they can use

the protective equipments essentially and effectively. Qualified Vocational Training Officer will

be employed to impart the training to all the employees on regular basis. The following

personal protection equipments

Industrial Safety Helmet;

goggles;

Ear muffs / earplug;

Dust mask;

hand gloves;

Industrial safety shoes with steel toe.

7.10. Social Impact Assessment

The project does not involve acquisition of any private land or asset and thus there shall be

no project-affected persons




CHAPTER 8. : PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1. General

The forthcoming project shall open new vista for employment in the area in many spheres.

With the commencement of proposed mining activities, a new horizon shall emerge to the

local populace for their social upliftment. The mine lease area neither entails any acquisition

of any private land or property nor any displacement of persons. Therefore, it will herald all

positive benefits to the society.

8.2. Employment Potential

8.2.1. Mining Activities

About 25 local labors shall be engaged for extraction of Stone/Sand/Bajri and loading and

handling of mineral in mining area, besides, watch and ward and plantation activity with

proper maintenance. The majority of manpower belonging to skilled/semi-skilled/unskilled

shall be indigenously available. Therefore, it is estimated that approx. 25 persons shall be

benefited by direct employment.

8.2.2. Implementation of Management Plans

Various management plans, suggested as mitigation measures, viz. Green Belt

Development, erection of retaining wall/check dam and maintenance of haul road are highly

labour oriented forestry/civil work with lesser material component. The forestry works

involved under these plans do not involve any State of the art for which especial labour is

warranted. In fact these routine works can be executed to perfection by the

skilled/semi/skilled/unskilled labour locally available.

8.3. State Exchequer

Commencement of mining activities shall result in direct revenue to the state Exchequer in

the form of royalty, trade/sales tax, cess etc.

8.4. Betterment of Trade and Commerce

With coming up of new township for housing the mine workers/personnel, there shall be an

increase in demand of all commodities. Thus, there shall be a general boost to business and

commerce in the area.

Draft EIA/EMP report of Stone/Sand/Bajri Mine, (With ML Area of 5.1288 Ha) Kh. No. 1212/1 and 1215/1, Balh, Patwar Circle Balh,



CHAPTER 9. : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1. General

Based on the evaluation of baseline data and predicted impacts, suitable and plausible

management plans are to be formulated for implementation, to minimize the negative

impacts in the environmental attributes of land, water, air, noise, ecological and socio-

economics. The implementation of all the management plans should commence pari passu

with the commencement of mining activities so that the environmental ambiguities going to

crop up may be resolved before the completion of conceptual plan of the mine i.e. towards

the end of life of mine. Various environmental management plans, designed within the

framework of statutory and regulatory requirements on environmental and socio-economic

aspects to attain sustainable development, are described in the proceeding sections.

9.2. Pollution Control Measures

9.2.1. Air Pollution Control

In riverbed manual mining, dust emissions are generated during various mining activities,

material handling and due to plying of transportation trucks in the mine lease area and also

on haul roads. However, the EIA study has shown that ground level concentration of

pollutants like PM10, SO2 and NOX are within the NAAQS Are well and when become airborne

lead to increase in particulates level in the ambient air. The detailed mitigation measures as

contained in Section 4.7. The project proponent shall ensure that these are strictly followed.

Besides this the ambient air quality monitoring shall be periodically carried out at locations

and frequencies mentioned under Section Chapter 6.4.1. Apart from these mitigation

measures, the idle running of transport vehicles at the mine site shall be totally avoided. The

sprinkling of water on surface of haul roads and over the silt/clay dispose in the plantation

area shall involve major cost component of the works towards air pollution control.

Considering an expenditure of Rs 1000/day for 270 days annually, a sum of Rs. 2.70 lac has

to be earmarked under air pollution control measures.

9.2.2. Noise Pollution Control

The noise monitoring shows that day and night time noise levels are highest at mine site and

due to flow of river and exceed the prescribed limit, Leq day and night noise level at the site

is 71.6 dB(A). The other source of noise at the site is due to operation of transport vehicle.

The impact study shows that the noise levels due to noise source from river and truck

movement are attenuated after 100 m distance from the mine site. The resultant noise levels

are very high at mine site (85.19 dB(A)). The detailed mitigation measures are contained in

Section 4.6. The project proponent shall ensure that these are strictly followed. Besides this




the ambient air noise level monitoring shall be periodically carried out at locations and

frequencies mentioned under Section Chapter 6.4.2. The environmental surroundings near

the mine site like vegetal cover greatly attenuate the noise level. On this account the green

belt shall be developed along the haul road as well as in the area earmarked for plantation

within the lease, the cost of development of greenbelt has been separately assessed. The

cost of other equipments like ear plug/muff and noise level monitoring during the course of

mining have been included under occupational health and safety plan and environmental

monitoring plan.

9.2.3. Water Pollution Control

9.2.3.1 Surface Water

The major impact due to riverbed surface mining is the increase siltation owing to sediment

particles coming under the influence of the current and due to toe erosion of bank in the mine

lease area. In the impact studies, it has been established that the resultant value of the TSS

shall be too low to create any considerable impact on the turbidity in the river water. The

transparency of water shall not be impaired to the extent that the available sunlight ceases to

power the photosynthetic reaction. Apart from the mitigation measures suggested in Section

4.5.2, spillage of stone and sand into the flowing water should be avoided during

transportation. The plantation under the green belt programme shall also help in checking the

erosion of the bank. Besides this the ambient air noise level monitoring shall be periodically

carried out at locations and frequencies mentioned under Section Chapter 6.4.3. For control

of the toe erosion of banks retaining structures/Gabion structures shall have to be erected as

per approved mine plan. Thus, there is no cost implication of this plan as all work activities

are covered under other plans.

<

9.2.3.2 Ground Water

The base level study has revealed that there will be no impact on groundwater as the ground

water table is intersected nor the mineral formation has any toxic elements. Thus, no

mitigation measures are warranted.

9.2.4. Land Environment

Any mining activity may alter the land use pattern in the lease area. In order to minimise the

adverse effects, the following suggestions have been made. Degradation of land is not a very

significant adverse impact of river terrace mining due creation of access roads, mining

operations, transportation of mined material. In order to prevent the environmental

degradation of leased mine area and its surroundings, the following measures shall be taken;




Minimal damage to the flora standing around the lease area.

Foreign material should neither be allowed to remain/spill in lease area, nor the

pits/pockets will be allowed to be filled with such material,

No stockpiling of extracted sand and stone shall be done outside the lease area.

9.2.5. Biological Environment

The dust is the only major pollutant, which will be generated from different activities of

mining. The effect of particulate matter on vegetation is in the form of incrustation, plugging

of stomata, and loss of chlorophyll and reduction of photosynthesis process.

No endangered species of fauna is found in and around lease area. As such, there will be

temporary and insignificant effect on terrestrial fauna around the mining lease area. The

mining activities shall result in slight increase in siltation. Increased turbidity of the water

results in lesser penetration of sunlight thereby affecting photosynthesis of the phytoplankton

(Ripley, 1966), which are primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Increased sediment

loads may also alter the benthic fauna.

The annual plantation proposed for five years of mining period shall greatly help in

developing a good vegetal cover on the upper terrace near the bank of the river and

eventually attract micro fauna, birds etc. in the area. Thus, there will be positive impact on

terrestrial environment around the mine lease area. The increase in siltation due to mining

shall be controlled by creating greenbelt and soil conservation works.

9.2.6. Social Environment

With the commencement of the project, there shall be direct employment opportunity for 25

workers, besides this the project will open vista for employment in transportation sector,

besides generation opportunity for deployment in activities related to stone crushing plant.

Since no private land is to be acquired for mining, thus the ticklish issues touching and

arising due to R&R issues are not involved. Therefore, impact of riverbed mining of sand

stone and bajari on the social economics of the area shall be a very positive one. The small-

time shopkeepers running hotel/Dhaba shall also be benefitted. As a token of goodwill the

project proponent shall provide free of cost riverbed material (aggregate) to villages, in

consultation with panchayat, for construction of building public utility, schools and other

religious buildings.

9.2.6.1 Corporate Social Responsibility

The Beas Valley Power Corporation Limited, formed for execution of the works of UHL Stage

III HEP (100 MW), is a legal heir of erstwhile Himachal Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited. It




is a state govt. undertaking and is entrusted with the job of construction of UHL Stage III

Project.

The project is a hydroelectric project. The State of Himachal Pradesh has formulated a Hydro

Power Policy in 2006. One of the principle objectives of this policy was to secure benefits for

the project-affected areas by creation of Local Area Development Committee financed

through Power Projects. In tune with the stipulations of Hydro Power Policy, 2006, a provision

of 1.5% of the final cost of the projects above 5 MW and 1% for projects upto 5 MW has been

made for Local Area Development activities to be financed by the Developers. This provision

is applicable for new as well as on-going projects.

The entire contribution towards Local Area Development Activities to be maintained in the

shape of Local Area Development Fund (LADF), which will be administered by a committee,

called Local Area Development Committee (LADC) comprising of various stakeholders

including Government departments, project developers and local members from project-

affected areas. The present mining project is for obtaining riverbed material for the production

of coarse and fine aggregates to be consumed in project work, therefore the activity related

to the mining project are incumbent upon the main HEP. Thus under the CSR activities the

project proponent have incurred expenditure in respect of LADA works. The work activities

have been carried out under Joginder Nagar and Ladbharol Tehsil. The tehsil-wise break up

is shown in Table 9.1. The expenditure under this head till 15 May 2013 is Rs. 933.12 lac

Table 9.2.

Table 9.1 : Expenditure under LADA works (upto 15-05-2013)

Tehsil Total no. of work activities (estimates) Expenditure (Rs. In Lac)

Joginder Nagar 176 632.28

Ladhbharol 103 300.84

Total 279 933.12

The expenditure incurred under LADA works in respect of gram panchayat Balh upto

15/05/2013 is Rs. 24.86 lac. The work activities carried out under LADA works are presented

in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2 : Estimate-wise expenditure under LADA works carried out in gram panchayat Balh

Sr.

No.

Name of Work Up to date

Expenditure

(15.5.13)




II LADA WORK UNDER UCD-II JOGINDERNAGAR :-

01 Construction of foot bridge over Dibhnu Nala & foot path from village

Bagla to Shamshan ghat

154779

02 Construction of boundary wall in front of Middle school Dart Bagla 131330

03 Construction of Boundary wall around Middle school Masholi under

Panchyat Dart Bagla

431705

04 Providing protection work around existing Jalpa Mata Mandir at Mahul

Dart Bagla

750567

05 Construction of Addl. Room of primary school Jaghra in gram panchyat

Dart Bagla

311506

06 Construction of R/wall upper side of Bharolu road in gram panchyat Dart

Bagla

137594

07 Construction of Boundary wall for Primary School Jagehar in GP Dart

Bagla

153979

08 Construction of concrete road from magroo nallah to project road at

Bagla

190137

09 Construction of foot path from Majhwar link road to Majhwar village in

gram panchyat Dart Bagla

57554

10 Construction of main gate and raising the hight of exist. boundry wall at

Dart school in gram panchyat Dart Bagla

118796

11 Construction of two room in Primary School Dart in gram panchyat Dart

Bagla

47847

2485794

9.3. Green Belt development plan

In order to mitigate and minimize the environmental impacts, arising due to riverbed mining

project especially from air pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion etc. the Greenbelt

development in the area delineated in the work cum environmental management plan can

provides the best mitigation option. The green canopy not only absorbs some of these

pollutants but also improves the aesthetic environment. Therefore, a “Green Belt

Development Plan” has been proposed around the mine lease area and along the un-

metaled haul road to crushing unit.




9.3.1. Development of Greenbelt

The green belt is proposed to be developed in the area of upper terraces and areas

prohibited for mining and along the network of haul roads. The strategy worked out for

development of green belt consists of following:

Broad leaf trees growing above 10 m in height should be planted along the roads,

offices and infrastructure facilities.

Plantation of trees should be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows.

Generally local/indigenous fast growing trees shrubs should be planted.

The trees should be protected by plantation of non palatable shrub species to avoid

browsing by animals.

Placement of tree guards be provided to save the plants.

9.3.2. Guidelines and Techniques for Green Belt Development

Based on environmental conditions suitable indigenous plants species shall be planted under

green belt development plan. The requirement of plants sapling for development of green

belt shall be made from the nearby forest nursery. The soil characteristics were also kept in

mind.

9.3.3. Precautions During Plantation

Some important precautions should be taken during the plantation, which are as under:

Open grazing is practiced in general in the area; therefore, protection should be

provided in advance.

Poly-culture should be practiced. Mixture by group should be preferred over intimate

mixture.

Indigenous species recommended should be planted in sufficient numbers to increase

their population size in the area.

Multipurpose species should be planted in large numbers.

9.3.4. Annual Programme for Plantation under green belt

The greenbelt shall be developed annually in approximately 0.16ha area. The area

designated for each year shall be planted with trees and shrubs @ 1100 plants/ha. (Table

9.3)

Table 9.3 : Budget for green belt development plan (Rs. in lakhs)

S. No. Component Cost (Rs. Lac)

1 Cost of plantation including maintenance for 5 years and 0.94




establishment charges @ Rs 1.25 lac/ ha for 0.75 ha

2 Thorny brushwood protection guard for 825 sapling @ Rs

10/No.

0.083

3 Cost of FYM and Bio-fertilizer 0.40

4 Cost of watering / irrigation in green belt 0.40

5 Cost of plantation along haul road 0.56

6 Contingency 0.11

Total 2.493

Say Rs. 2.50

890

895

895.96

900

902.77

905

904.77

902.66

906.30

906.68908.83

910915920

920.88

927.28

927.69

928.88

914.48914.99

920

915

910

905

910

915

903.5

9

916.75

920

920908.05

915

905910

HFL

LWL

HFL

900

899

898.74

896.6

0

897.88

897.80

899.67898.85

898.28

899.

30

903.38

905

902.3

6PATH

905.6

95

901.4

1

KUHL

900.

96

902.367

901.5

7

901.5

1

901.

69

900

899.6

9

898.05

895

890.80

895

890.56

890

894.84896.370 893.20

893.35

897.10

892.25

895.95

895.25 896.03893.796

894.78

895

898.86

895.51

895.51

897.05

880

893.00

893.38892.68

891.72

891.51

891.68

890PATH891.42 891.33

LWL

LWL

889.78

889.80887.36

889.05

BOULDER

ROAD

ROAD

RANA KHAD

HFL

HFL898.45

B/WALL

I,III & V

YEAR

II & IV YEAR R/WALL

905

894.16

LEASE BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY PILLAR

CONTOUR

RIVER/KHAD

HFL/LWL

METALED ROAD

15th WIDTH OF KHAD

FOOT PATH

BUILDING

DRY NALA/KHAD

PROHIBITED LAND

EXISTING TREE

LEGENDN

31°57'50''

A

B

C

D

E

FG

I

K

H

J

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

76°46'30''76°46'29'' 76°46'29.2'' 76°46'31''76°46'28''76°46'27''76°46'26''76°46'25.44''76°46'25''76°46'24'

31°57'50''

31°57'45''

31°57'40''

31°57'35''

31°57'30''

31°57'25''

31°57'20''

31°57'15''

31°57'51.9''

31°57'55'' 31°57'55''

S/C

I, III & IV

YEAR

R/WALL/SPUR III,IV & V

YEAR

PLANTATION II YEAR

PLANTATION I YEAR

PLANTATION

R/WALL/SPUR I YEAR

S/C I YEAR

PLANTATION I YEAR

PLANTATION II YEAR

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN OF RIVER BED MINING SITED DART-BAGLA

SCALE 1:2500

CONTOUR INTERVAL 1m

Figure 9.1 : Environment Management Plan

9.4. Solid Waste Management

9.4.1. General

The following types of solid wastes are likely to generate from the mining activities during the

mining period.




Waste from mining in the form of silt/clay

Solid waste from Septic tank/Soak pit

The above-mentioned solid wastes can play havoc and have severe impacts on the

ecosystem if not properly addressed through well designed management plans in their

respect.

9.4.2. Management of Waste from Mine

No solid waste other than silt/clay, which deposits as crust material on the bed profile, shall

be scrapped and deposited into the mine pits or in the upper terraces earmarked for

plantation. Approximately 660 MT (about 471 cum) of silt/clay shall be produced during 5

years. The year-wise estimation of quantity of solid waste is shown in Table 9.4, the quantity

of scrapped crust material (clay) which is in excess of the quantity required for plantation

purpose in upper terraces shall be deposited in the riverbed pits.

Table 9.4 : Year-wise Production of Solid waste

S. No. Year Mineable Area

(sq. m.)

Volume of

Raw Material

(cum)

Tonnage @

2.25 MT/cum

Solid waste

in form of

Silt/Clay (MT)

1 1st 5333 5333 12000 120

2 2nd 6666 6666 15000 150

3 3rd 5333 5333 12000 120

4 4th 6666 6666 15000 150

5 5th 5333 5333 12000 120

Total 29331 29331 66000 660

It is evident from the soil characteristics of the core zone that it has low contents of

macronutrients Nitrogen and in Organic carbons. The soil shall be mixed with urea and

farmyard manure (FYM) so as to increase its fertility. Apart from this, the bio-fertilizers shall

be added to the soil.

9.4.3. Cost for management of mine waste

The cost of management of mine waste (Silt/Clay) by manual carriage and disposal /

spreading into the areas earmarked for plantation @ Rs. 98/cum for 471 has been assessed

as Rs. 0.46 lac.

9.5. Occupational Health Management Plan

Stone/Sand/Bajri mining does not contain any toxic element. Therefore, the likelihood of any

health hazard does not arise due to the mined product per se. However, the process of




excavation / quarrying leads to some health hazards. The most significant occupational

health impacts are Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) and Occupational Lung Disease

(OLD) due to inhalation of dust. As per Mines Rules, 1955, medical examination of

employees at the initial stage and periodically, shall be done by a team of qualified medical

officers provided by the project proponent. Regular medical check-up camps shall also be

arranged for detection of occupational diseases and minor disease in the nearby rural

population. Free check-up and medicine for treatment for their acute and chronic illness shall

be provided.

9.5.1. Occupational Health & Safety Measures to Control Dust Inhalation

Providing a working environment that is conducive to safety and health.

The management of occupational safety and health is the prime responsibility of mine

management.

Employee involvement and commitment in the implementation of health and safety

guidelines.

Periodical health checkups

Implementing safety and health management system and assessing the effectiveness

through periodic audits.

Monitoring the effects of mining activities on safety and health and conducting regular

performance reviews.

Provision of necessary personal protective equipments.

Establishing and maintaining a system of medical surveillance for employees

Ensuring employees at all levels receive appropriate training and are competent to carry

out their duties and responsibilities.

All the above precautions would be adopted to prevent dust generation at site and to be

dispersed in the outside environment. However, for the safety of workers at site, engaged at

strategic locations / dust generation points like loading and unloading points, screening sieve,

dust masks would be provided. Dust masks would prevent inhalation of RPM thereby

reducing the risk of lung diseases and other respiratory disorders. Regular health monitoring

of workers will be carried out.

9.5.2. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

Hearing conservation programmes exists at all operations. Baseline audiogram forms the

basis for future assessment of employees in terms of hearing loss.

Using engineering initiatives to reduce noise at source is the priority management tool. The

hearing conservation programme includes the provision of Hearing Protection Devises




(HPDs) and annual audiometry examination of all employees. Apart from provision of HPDs

emphasis is also laid on training the employees responsibility to protect his / her hearing.

9.5.3. Occupational Lung Diseases (OLD)

There will be regular health camps for all the workers and nearby rural people. Lung function

tests, chest X-rays etc. shall be carried out and any health disorders will be evaluated. The

budget shall be earmarked for the necessary protective devices and training needs by the

project proponent.

9.5.4. Incidence of Silicosis

Continuous exposure to sand dust can lead to Silicosis, silica tuberculosis and pulmonary

disease. Prolong contact with wet sand can cause fungal infection of hands and legs.

9.5.5. Cost Estimate

For initial and periodical medical check-up of employee of the mines, who are engaged at the

active mine site, budgetary provision of Rs. 600/employee/year shall be made. The provision

at this stage is being made for 25 skilled/semi-skilled / unskilled labourers. The cost estimate

is provided in Table-9.5.

Table 9.5 : Cost Estimate

S. No. Particular Quantity Unit Rate Amount

(Rs. lacs)

1. Yearly medial check up and cost of

free medicines to mine employees

for 5 years

25 x 5 = 125 man year

125 Man year 600 0.75

2. Provision for personal protection

equipment like ear plug, dusk

mask, shoes, goggles and etc., for

25 workers

25 No. 2000 0.50

3. Provision for First Aid facilities 1 Job L.S. 0.15

4. Provision for fire extinguisher and

its regular refilling

1 Job L.S. 0.10

Total 1.50

9.6. Soil conservation works

Hard measures (Engineering structures) shall be constructed to control the toe erosion and

land slips from falling into the river course. This can be accomplished by erecting stone

masonry retaining structure / Gabion structures at stretch of bank showing sign of slope

failure or imminent soil mass movement. Besides this, sometimes the river current is directed




towards the bank, which are susceptible to toe erosion. In that scenario, it becomes

necessary to repel the current from the bank, for which purpose-repelling spurs are to be

implemented. The advantage with the repelling spurs is that while diverting the current they

create a quiet pocket d/s of these and are filled with river borne material. The provision for

such structures have been incorporated in the working cum environmental management

plan. The cost of which is assessed as Rs. 2.5 lac (Table 9.6).

Table 9.6 : Cost estimate of soil conservation works (engineering)

Sl.

No.

Item Quantity Unit Rate Amount

1. RR Dry stone masonry (5 no.)

Average dimension = 10 m long, 2m high

and side slope 1:4

a. Excavation in foundation with 50% soft rock and

50% E & B

5x 10 x 1.10 x 0.3 = 16.5

16.5 Cum 150.00 2475.00

b. RR stone masonry dry

5x 10 x (1.10 + 0.60 / 2) x 2.0 = 85 cum

85 Cum 300.00 25500.00

2. Wire crate boulder Spurs for stream bank Protection (5no.)

(a) Excavation in foundation with 50% soft rock & 50% E & B 5 x 3.5m x 2.5 x 0.5

21.88 Cum 150 3282.00

(b) Filling of boulder and hand packing in Wire crates 2.25m x 1.25m x 1.25 in three tiers i.e. 3 in first tier 2 each in second and third tier. 5 x 7 (2.25 x 1.25 x 1.25)

123.05 Cum 130.00 15966.00

(c ) Collection of boulder 123.05 Cum 160.00 19688.00

(d) Carriage of boulder average lead 1 km manually

123.05 Cum 400.00 49220.00

(e) Cost of G.1 wire crates

5 x 7 x 15.10 sq m x 2.23 = 1178.55 kg or say

11.8 Qtl

11.8 Qtl 7000 82600.00

(f) Carriage of G.1. wire crate to an average

lead of 1 km by ponies

11.8 Qtl 150.00 1770.00

(g) Weaving of GI wire crate 528.5 20.00 10570.00

Total 211071.00

Add 3% Contingencies 6332.00

Grand Total 217403.00

Or say 2.2 lac

3 Annual care of river/khad 0.3 lac

Say 2.5 lac

9.7. Capital Cost of Project




Table 9.7 Total capital cost of project

S. No. Particular Capital Cost

Rs in Lakhs

Recurring Cost

Rs in Lakhs

1. Construction of Rest Shelter 3.00 0.10

2. Construction of Latrine with soak pits 0.30 0.05

3. Arrangement of Drinking water 0.50 0.10

4. Mining Equipments 0.20 0.05

Total 4.00 0.3

9.8. Summary of cost of environment management plan

Table 9.8 : Total cost of environmental management plan

S. No. Name of Plan Capital Cost

Rs in Lac

Recurring Cost

Rs in Lac

1. Environment Monitoring Plan for Air,

Noise, Water, Soil, etc.

- 2.50

2. Air Pollution Control-

Management o f H a u l a g e R o a d s

including Sprinkling.

- 2.70

3. Plantation / Green belt development plan

2.50

4. Disposal and spreading of

Silt/clay as per Mining Plan

- 0.46

5. Occupational Health Measures

Provision of PPE and other

Miscellaneous expenditure

0.75 0.75

6. Soil Conservation works (Engineering) - 2.50

7. Corporate Social Responsibility (shall

be met from the overall 1.5% of the

estimated cost of UHL Stage III HEP,

under LADF.)

- -

Total 0.75 11.41




Annexures




Annexure I : Mine Lease Deed




Annexure II: Forest Clearance Letter




Annexure III: Receipt of Application for Lease Renewal




Annexure IV: NOC from Village Panchayat




Annexure V: NOC from IPH Department




Annexure VI: Approved Mine Plan




Annexure VII: Inventory of Forests

Botanical Name Family (Tree) Local Name English (Name)

Abies pindrow Coniferae Tosh Silver Fir

Acacia nilotica Leguminosal ( Mimosacese) Kikar -

Acacia Catechu Legumilnosal ( Mimosacese) Khair -

Acer Cecsium Sapindacea Mandru, Mandor Maple

Acer oblongum Sapindacea Perange -

Acer Sterculiaceum Sapindacea Chirandru Maple

Adina Cordifolia Rubiaceae Haldu -

Angle marmelos Rutacea Bel, Beelgiri -

Aesoulus Indica Sapindacea Khanor Horse Chestnut

Ailanthus alissima - Ailanthus Allanthus

Albizzia Procera Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Siris (White) -

Albizzia Chinensis Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Ohi -

Albizzia Lebbek Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Siris (Black) -

Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosa ( Mimosacese) Siris -

Alnus Nitida Cupuliferae Kosh, Kunish Alder

Alnus neplensis Cupuliferae Kosh Alder

Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae Dhou, Chhal -

Bauhinia pururea Leguminosal Karala (Kachnar) -

Bauhinia variegata Leguminosal Kachnar.Karala -

Belula Alnoides Cupuliferal Bhojpatra Birch

Bombox Caiba Bombacacae Semal Red cotton tree

Buxus walliciana Euphorbiaceal Shamshed Box wood

Broussonetia papyrifera Niraceak

Paper mulbery

Careva viminsa Myrtracea

Pool

Carpinus viminsa Cupuliferae Khirk, chevs Himalayan Horabean

Cassia Fistula Caesalpinniaceal Amaltas India laburnum

Cassia siameal Caesalpinniaceal Caccia frondooa Caesalpinniaceal Callistemon viminalis Myrtaceal

Bottle brush

Caserria elliptica Samydaceal Pimple, Goels Cedrela serrata Melieceae Darle Bill Toon

Cedral Toona Moliaceae Tooni, Tun Toon

Cedrus deodara Coniferse Kelo, Diar Deodar

Celtis australis Urticaceae Khirok Nottle tree

Citrus limitta Rutaceae Jhamirdi Cordia dichotoma Boraginacoae Lasura Cordia vestita -do- Lasura Cornus capitata Cornaceaes Kreeva Dog Wood

Cornus macrophylla . Cornaceae Kreeva Dog Wood

Corylus Jacquemontrii Cupuliferas Sharol Hazienut

Cupressus Semparvirans Conifarae Saru Pyremidal Cyprus




Delbergia sissoo Papillonaceae Shisham, Tali Sissoo

Ehretia acuminata Boraginaceae Bakli Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae Chamror Amblica officindis Euphorbiaceae Amla Engelhardfua Colebrookiana Juglandaceae Samma Erythrina suberosa Papilioneceae Pariara Coral tree

Eucalyptus commaldunsis Myrtaceae Safada River red gun

Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Safada Lemon scented gun

Eucalyptus grandis Myrtaceae Safada Blue gun

Eucalyptus hybrid Myrtaceae Safada Rose gun

Eungnus tingens Celastraceae Kala chindwara Indian spind tree

Euonynus lacerus Celastraceae Kala chindwara Ficus palmate Urticaceae Fagura, Fegra Wild fig

Ficus Misbida -do Dobra -

Ficus religious

-

Ficus religiosa Urticaceae Pipal Ficus roxburghii Urticaceae Tremal, Treimbal -

Flacourtia rementlechi- Bixaceal Bixaceal Kangu, Kaudel -

Fraxinus floribunda

Ash

Ficus sundaica Urticaceal Bar Banyan

Grevillea robusta Proteaceal

Silver Oak

Grewia optive Tiliaceal Bihul Grewia elestica Tiliaceal Bihul Helarrhena antidysenterica Apocytacess

llex dipyrena lllicineae Jacaranda ovalifolia Bignonicose Jacrands Walnut

Kydia calycina Malvaceae Pula Lagerstroemia Indieca Lythraceae Har Singar Lannea grandis Anacardiaceae Selambra Litsaea umbrosa Lauraceae Paror Laurel

Lauraceae Paror Laurel

Litsaea leauphia Legyminosal (Mimosaceal) Subabool Lyonia ovalifolia Leguminosae Airean, Ehran Machilus duthiei Lauraceae Chirindi Machilus odovatissima Lauraceae Chirindi Mallotus Philippinesis Euphorbiaceae Kambal Kamila tree

Mengifer Indiace Anacardiaceae Am Mango

Melio azedarach Meliaceae Drek Persian Lilac

Moringa Pterygosperma Moringaceae Saunjna Morus alba Urticaceae Chimmu Mulberry

Morus serrata Urticaceae Paharitut Hil Mulberry

Myrica esculenta Hyricaceae Kaphal Olea ferruginea Obaceal Kahu Oliva tree

Oroxylum Indicum Bignoriaceae Arlu




Desmodian ooheinese Leguminosal Sanden Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Khajur, Khajri Wild data palm

Phoenix humilis Palmae Khajri Wild data palm

Pieca smithiana Coniferal Rai Spruce

Pinus roxburghii Conideral Chil Chil Pine

Pinus wallchiana Cineferae Kail Blue Pine

Pistacio integerrima Auacardiaceae Kakare Populus deltoides Salicaceae Chiluna, Pahari Popular

Populus nigra Salicaceae Chiluna, Pahari Pipal Bhari Popular

Pogamia pinnata Papiliona ceae Karanj Indian Beech

Prunus armeniaca Rosaceae Chuli Wild Apricot

Prunus cerasoides Rosaceae Paja Wild cherry

Prunus cornuta Rosaceae Jammu Bird cherry

Punica granatum Lythraceas Auar, Daru Pomegranate

Pyrus lanate Rosaceae Bumfal Pyrus pashia Rosaceae Segal, Kainth Quercus Floribundea Cupliferae Mohru Greek Oak

Quercus glauca Cupliferae Banni Greek Oak

Quercus leucotrichophoya Cupliferae Ban White Oak

Quercus semecarpifolia Capuliferae Kharsu Brown Oak

Rhododendion Orboreum Ericaceae Burah Rhus Puojabensis Ericaceae Titri Robinia Pseudascacia Leguminasal Robinia Salix babylonica Salicaceae Majnu Weeping willow

Salix denticulata Salicaceae Beuns Willow

Salix tetre sperune Salicaceae Beuns Willow

Dapinfud mukeresal Sapindacase Ritha Soap nut tree

Sapium sebiferum Euphariceal Dudhla Chinese Tallow

Symplaces cretsogoides Styraceal - Texus baccata Combretaceae Barmi, Rakhala Yew

Terminalia Ballirica Combretaceae Behara Terminalia Chobula Combretaceae Harad Ulmus Villosa Utricaceal Marinu Small leaf elm

Wrighlia tinotoris Apacynaceal Summa Wrighlia arborea

Summa

Xylosma longifolium Bixaceae Draindu Zizyphus Mauriiana Rhamaceae Beri

SHRUBS Justicia adhatoda Acanthacoae Basuti

Agava cantula

Ramban Andrachna Cordifalis Euphorbiaceae Durlu Artemisia Indica Composital Drubaha Artemisia vugaris Composital Drubaha




Artemisia vestita Composital Drubaha Artemisia vestita Composital Drubaha Baliospermummonatanum Euphorbiaceae

Berberis ariatata Berberidaceae Kasmal Berberis chitria Berberidaceae Kasmal Berberis lycium Berberidaceae Kasmal Boebmerig maerophylle Urticaceae Siar Calotrpios procera Asclepiadeceae Akh Caragana brevispina Leguminoceae Shameh Carrisa opaca Apocynaceae Garana Carrisa spinarum Apocynaceae Garna, Khern Caryopteris wallichiana Verbenaceae Chilngari Caryopteris foetida Verbenaceae Rumri Cassia occidentalis Verbenaceae Chingari Cassia Obrusifona Leguminosal

Cleroden Drum serratum Verdenaceae Bankakri Calebrookea Oppositifolia Labiatae Banse Cotonaster affinis Labiatae Banse Cotonaster congcstus Labiatae Banse Crotalaria prostata Leguminesae Banse Debregaesia salicifolia Urticaceabe Siaru Daphne cannabina Thymelaeaceae Kanla Desmodium sambuense Leguminesae Safed Kathi Desmodium elegans Leguminesae Safed Kathi Deutzia campacta Saxifragaceae Chururu Deutzia staminea Saxifragaceae Chururu Dodanaea viscosa Sepindaceae Mandru Druanta repens Verbanaceae

Elaeagnus Pavvifolis Rlaeaghaceae Geai Elshoitza fructicosa Labiatae Pothi, Jaunkra Euphorbia royleane Euphorbiaceae Thor Euphorbia prolifera Euphorbiaceae

Eunoymus fimriatus Odastraceae Flemingia prostrata Leguminosae Hamiltonia Suaveolens Rubiaceae Bari podari

Hypericum oblongifolium Hypericaceae Bani Wakra Indigofera hebepetala Leguminosse Kathi Indigofera heterantha Leguminosse

Indigofera cylindrica Leguminosse Indigofera cassiodes Leguminosse Inula cappa Compositae Inula barbata Compositae Ipomea spps. Convolvuaceae Japlota

Jatorpha curcas Euphorbiacae Panch-phuli




Lantana camera Verbonacoae Choti podari Leptodermis lanceolata Rubiacoae Bilan Limonia spp. Rutacoae Roeni Parasita Loranthus Ligustrinus Loranthocaea Changari Lonicera angustifolia Caprifoliacese

Lonicera Myrillus Caprifoliacese Loicora quinquelocularis Caorufikuacose Jamnu

Murray paniculaia Rulaceae Murraya Keoingli Furaceae Myrsine africana Myrsineceae Kanaru

Nerium Indicum Apocynaceae Nyctanthea Orbertristis Dleaceae Dlatchi

Opuntia Moncantha Actaceae Ongeinie Dalbergioides Leguminosal -

Phoenix acaulie Palmao Kajre Plectranthus Regesus Labiatae Chichri Plectranthus beddomi Labiatae

Ptentilla Fruticosa Rosacoao Prinsepia utilis Rosacoao Bakhal

Colimus corgygria Anacardiaceae Rikhal Rhus punjabensis Anacardiaceae Rikhal Rhododendraon companu Ericaceae Kachari patha Rioinus communis Enphorbiaceae Arand Royea calycina Labiatae Karnai titpoti Rubus biflorus Rosacoae Kala akha Rubus lasiocaarpus Rosacoae Kala akha Rubus paniculatus Rosacoae Kala akha Salix earelinii Salcacoae Cuino Salix denticulata Salcacoae Buins Salix dephonodies Salcacoae Bulns Sarcococca saligna Euphorbiaceae Charabri Skimmia anquelilia Rutaceae Nayr Spirae canescens Rosaceae Chakh Spirae bella Rosaceae

Spiraes linlieyana Rosaceae Filipendula vestata -do- -

Solenum erianthum Solanaceae Ban tamakhu Staphylea emodi Sapindaceae Negdaun Snahe sticks

Tamarix troupii Tamaricaceae Jhao Viburnum cylindricum Caprifoliaceae Diha Viburnum cotinifolium Caprifoliaceae Dab Viburnum mullaha Caprifoliaceae

Viburnum grandiflorum Caprifoliaceae Tilenal Vism album Loranthaceae Bhangra Mistletoe




Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Banha Wikstroemia canescens Thymelaeaceae Tilak Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae Dawa Zanthoxylum Armatum Rutaceae Tirmira

HERBS Achillea millofolum Composotes Fye

Achyranthes bidentata Amarantaceae Putkanda Achyranthes porlhysistachya Amarantaceae Putkanda Aconitum heterophyllum Renunculaceae Padish, Mohra Acorus Calamus Avaceae Barin Sweet Flag

Adiantum capillusx Avaceae Barin Maiden hair

Agrimonia Pilosa Rosacese Kanaula Ainsliaca Aptera Composital Durwa Ajuga parviflora Labbatae Darpatre Allium loratum Liliaceae - Anaphalis margaritacea Compositae - Anaphalis Conrotra Compositae

Anaphalis triplinevis Compositae Anemone obtusiloba Rununculacas Anemone ribularis Rununculacas Anemone ribularis Rununculacas Arilia cachemirica Araliaceae Argenmone hellevorifolium Araeceae Arisaema intermedium Araceae Arisaema propinqum Araceae

Cobra plant

Asparagus adescendens Liliaceae Sabsi muli Asplenium polypotioides

Linger

Aster molliusculus Compositae Aster Penduncularis Compositae Astropa acuminate Solanaceae Saegngur

Beenninghausenias Albiflora Rutaceae Pessumer Brunella vulgaris Labiatae Patindu Bupleurum Lanceoletum Umbelliferae Banjwain Bupleurum tenue Umbelliferae Banjwain Campanula latifolia Companulaceae

Campanula colorata Companulaceae Cannabis sativa Utricaceae Bheng Hemp

Capsella bursapastoris Vruciferae

Shopherds purse

Carum copticum Umbellifeae Jawain Cassia obtusifolia Leguminosae

Chaerophyllum reflaxum Umbelliforae Khelti Chenopodium Floiosum Chonopodiacae

Colous arematicus Labiatae Pathan beg Datura straonium Selanaceae Datura




Delphinium incisum Ranulculaceae Delphinium vestitum Ranulculaceae Echinops niveus Compositae Elsholtziaestachyodia Labiatae Banjwana

Erigeron Multitadiatus Compositae Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae Saunf Fenual

Fragaria Indica Rosaceae Bhumla Straw berry

Fumaria Parviflora Fumariaceae Pitpapra Fragaria rubiginosa Rosaceae

Galium spp Rubiaceae Gentiana Kurroo Gentianaceae Kuru Geranium nepalense Goraniaceae Geranium ocellatum Goraniaceae Geranium robertianum Goraniaceae Chowhri

Geranium wallichianum Coraniaceae Cerbera Lnuginosa Compositae Kupia

Girardinia Heterophylla Utricacoae Bichhubutti Habenaris Donse Orchidaceae Kharwar Habenaris Goloondra Orchidaceae Sirab Halania eliptica Gentianaceae Pitpapra Hydrocotyle aristica Umbelliferae Brahmi Impatiens bicolor Geraniacea

Balsam

Impatiens glandulifera Geraniacea

Balsam

Iris germanica Iridaceae Brechra, Kharera Justicia Japonica Acatchacea

Lathyrus pratensis Leguminosae Lilium gigantoum Liliaceae Malva rotundifolia Nalvaceae Dodu

Mentha longifolia Labiatea Podin Nardostachys Jatamanai Valerianeae Jatamansi Nepta Ciliaris Labiatae Brun Nepeta elliptica Labiatae

Papaver dublum Papaveracear

Poppy

Piororbi za kurrooa Scrophularinaear Karu Pilea obesa Utricaceae Chamrali Pimpinella acuminata Umbelliferae

Pimpinella diversifella Umbelliferae Podophyllum hexandrum Beberidaceae Bankakri Papri

Polygonatum cirrhifolium Liliaceae Polygonatum verticillatum Liliaceae Salang Mishri

Polygonatum nepalense Polygonaceae Nalora Polygonum capitatum Polygonaceae Nalora Potentilla astrosangtunea Rosaceae

Potentilla fulgens Rosaceae Dora




Prenanthes Brunoniana Compositae Dudhli Primula Donticulata Primulacea Kauri Ranunculus arvensis Ranunulaceae

Butter Cup

Ranunculus arvensis Ranunulaceae

Butter Cup

Rumex hastatus Polygonaceae Malori Rumes nepalensis Polygonaceae Malora Salvia nubicola Labiatas Guadra Salvia Mukerjeea Labiatas

Saussurca spp. Compositae Saxifragiana spp. Sexifrageceae Scutellaria linearis Labiatae Sida rhombiflia Malvaceae Sisymbrium thalianum Cruciferae Jangli sarsin

Sisymbrium iric Cruciferae Jangli sarsin Strobilanthes atripurpurens Acanthaceae Mashna Strobilanthes angustifrons Acanthaceae

Strobilanthes Glutinosns Acanthaceae Strobilanthes Dalhoosianus Swetia chirayits Gentianaceae Charaita

Swetia Cordata Gentianaceae Charaita Swerta Paniculata Gentianaceae Charaita Thalictrum foliolosum Renunculaceae

Thymus linearis Labiatae Ban Ajwayan Tragopogon gracila Compositae

Tripolium protense Loguminosae Urtica Dioca Urticaceae Kugas

Ur tlca Malrel Uetucaceae Kugas Veleriana Hardwichii Valerineae Nohani, Nakh Veleriana Jatemansii Veleriaeae Mushkbala Verbascum thapsus Scrophularineae Gaddi Tamaku Mullain

Veronica Serphyllifolia Scrophularineae Vicia gidula

Vicia Tetrasoerma Viola canescens Violaceae Banafsha

Viola Serpens Violaceae Banafsha TREES AND BAMBOOS

Andropogan halepensis Gramineae Phulna Aristida depresea Gramineae Lambaru Arundineria falcata Gramineae Nirgal Arundineria spathiflora Gramineae Gari, Ringal Arundinella brasiliensis Gramineae - Avena Aspera Gramineae - Bambusa arundinaceae Gramineae Maggar Bambusa nutans Gramineae Daraog




Bothrochola intermedla Gramineae Palwan Chrysopogon martinii Gramineae Dhawi Cynodon Datylon Gramineae Dub Cyperus niveus Gramineae

Dendrocalamus strictus Gramineae Bans Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Gramineae Mohr Bans Eriphorumfulms Gramineae Kohi Eriphorum comosum Gramineae Ghor bager Hetropogon monranus Gramineae Sariala syu Tanli Ischaemum angustufloium Gramineae Baggar Panicum platootum Gramineae

Panicum platactum Gramineae Phicum asporum Gramineae Panicum floccudum Gramineae Phaannua Gramineae Setaria Glanca Gramineae Siun

Setaria virdis Gramineae CLIMBER

Bauhinia vahlii Laguminosea Taur Cacaalpinia bonducalla Laguminoseae Kanderi Caesalpnina Sapiaria Laguminoseae Kanderi Clematis Conneta Ranunculacea

Clematis Grata Ranunculacea Clematis Gouriana Ranunculacea Bel Kangu chabru

Clematis Montana Ranunculacea Cryptolepis buchanani Asclepiadaceae Khurnmble

Cunsutsreflexa Convolvulaceae Akash bel Dloscorla belophylla Dioscoreaceae

Discoria Belophylla Dioscoreaceae Tardi Dioscoria Deltoidea Dioscoreaceae

Hedeva Helix Araliaceae Grumru Ichoarpus frutescens Apocynaaceae

Jasminum officinal Oleaceae Banmalti Jasminum humile Oleaceae Banmalti Jasminum pubescens Oleaceae Dure Millettia ouriculata Leguminosea Salanghe Rosa Macrophylla Rosaceae kujas Rosa moschata Rosaceae Kujas Rubia Cordilfolia Rubiaceae

Smilax asndra Liliaceae Vitis semicordata Liliaceae Mizae

Vitis trifolia Liliaceae Pola Zehneria umbellata Cucurbitacea




Annexure VIII: Certificate of DFO

hppcb.nic.inhppcb.nic.in/beasdarteia.pdf · draft eia/emp report stone/sand/bajri mine, (with ml...

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