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DragonWave Horizon Quantum Training Revision 1

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Page 1: HQ Comprehensive

DragonWave Horizon Quantum Training

Revision 1

Page 2: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Course Overview

• Horizon Quantum Overview Product introduction and feature list Product comparison (product history & evolution) Hardware configurations, connections and interface description

• Product Configuration Connection and configuration methods CLI and Web GUI introduction

• Installation and Alignment Training Installation requirements and techniques Identifying installation issues and false failures Alignment processes and techniques

• Product Troubleshooting Configuration, installation and alignment troubleshooting tips Post installation troubleshooting techniques Common issues and resolutions

• Advanced Feature Group Discussion Feature functionality and description

Page 3: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum - Course Overview

Product Introduction

• Link Overview• Product Highlights• HW Functionality• HW Options• PN/SN Identification

Equipment Connections

• Power• Management• Data• Antenna

Configuration

• Web GUI• CLI• SNMP• Basic Link

Configuration

Installation & Alignment

• Power & Cabling• Antenna Mount• Grounding• Path Design• Alignment Process

Troubleshooting

• Common Issues• Merlin• Diagnostics• SW upgrades• Maintenance

Advanced Topics

• QoS• HAAM• XPIC• BAC

Page 4: HQ Comprehensive

Horizon QuantumIntroduction & Overview

Page 5: HQ Comprehensive

Horizon Quantum - System Description• The Horizon Quantum (HQ) system is a point to point, Ethernet bridge platform

It can be thought of as an Ethernet cable extender Provided that there is an operational link, any Ethernet frames that enter on one side will be

delivered (undisturbed) on the far side Built-in (8-port) L2 switch supports MSTP/RSTP

Data Video VOIP Encrypted Data

ET

HE

RN

ET

ET

HE

RN

ET

Page 6: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum System Architecture

• The Quantum system employs an indoor/outdoor split architecture whereby the radio (or RF) unit is outdoors and the modem unit is indoors

The two units are connected via 50Ω coax cabling with N-type connectors The IF frequencies approach 2000MHz so the cable must be rated for that frequency Longer runs will require N-type cabling with less loss/foot (ie, LMR-900)

IDUModem

ODURadio50Ω Coax Cable

Page 7: HQ Comprehensive

Horizon Quantum - Link Overview

NOTE: Link distance can exceed 50 milesDepending on frequency and antenna size

Page 8: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Highlights & Enhancements

• 6 – 38GHz Frequency Support• 800+ Mbps over-air throughput• Built-in 8-Port, Layer 2 switch

2 optical & 6 copper ports• Single or Dual Modem/Channel Options

Throughput doubling without additional hardware

• Advanced Feature Enhancements ATPC, HAAM, BAC, MSTP, RLS, XPIC, QoS BAC supports rates approaching 2Gbps XPIC allows for co-channel cross-pol installs

• Enhanced ODU Features Reduced size and weight Built in alignment port Built in polarization sensor

• Built-In crowbar feature for IF port “over-voltage” protection

Page 9: HQ Comprehensive

Product History and Evolution

All Outdoor Split-Mount

Horizon Compact

Horizon Compact+

Horizon Duo Horizon Quantum

Max Throughput/Link (Mbps) 400 400+ (up to 1G) 800 800+ (up to 4G)

Bandwidth Acceleration No Yes No Yes

Dual Channel Option No No Yes Yes

HAAM Yes Yes No Yes

Enhanced GUI No Yes No In Progress

XPIC Support No Yes No Yes

Integrated Switching No No No Yes

Page 10: HQ Comprehensive

Component Descriptions & Functionality

Page 11: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Modem Functionality

• Provides the digital Ethernet to modulated signal conversion

• Controls the selection of the Intermediate Frequency (IF) that will encapsulate the modulated signal

• Provides -48VDC to the radio via the IF port

• Initiates communication with the radio over a 10MHz In-Band Signal (IBS)

• Performs cable loss & channelized RSL calculations

• Hosts system software, frequency files & system configurations

DIGITAL

MODEM

ETHERNET

Inband Comms

IF MIXER

PSU

IF

-48VDC

10MHz

MODEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Page 12: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum Modem – Chassis Features

- 48VDC

Page 13: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Radio Functionality• ODU or radio unit essentially provides two

main functions Frequency up/down conversion RF amplification

• Link consists of a TxH and TxL radio• Licensed links must be co-polarized

RF MIXER RF AMP

Inband Comms

PSU

IF

-48VDC

10MHz

RF

Page 14: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum Radio – Chassis Features

BNC Alignment Port

N-Type IF Cable connector

Grounding Point

Polarization Marker Antenna Clips

Page 15: HQ Comprehensive

System Operation – Traffic Flow

Page 16: HQ Comprehensive

Modem Blocks are essentially the RF traffic. Are assembled in the modem and passed to the radio

Blocks contain Ethernet data and modem-modem overhead information used to determine link status

Blocks will flow regardless of whether there is cargo (frames/data) available

Bit stuffing will be used to fill unused space in Modem Blocks

IF Modem Blocks

RF ModemBlocksDigital Ethernet

Incoming Ethernet frames can be larger than a modem block

Empty Modem BlockPrior to Loading

Modem Blocks will flow at a constant rate – will not wait for data

Partially FilledBlock

Full Modem BlockLoadingModem Block

220 Byte Payload RF ModemBlocks

IF Modem BlocksDigital Ethernet

Ethernet IF RF

Page 17: HQ Comprehensive

Hardware Requirements & Options

Page 18: HQ Comprehensive

Frequency Requirements – TxH/TxL

• A licensed link consists of a transmit high (TxH) & transmit low (TxL) radio License will determine which end is TxL and which is TxH Transmit frequency at one end will be the receive frequency at the opposite end

TxL TxH

High-Low Frequency Pair = 1 Licensed Channel

TX - 17.925GHz RX - 17.925GHz

RX - 18.675GHz TX - 18.675GHz

Page 19: HQ Comprehensive

Modem Hardware Options

• Single Radio Feed – Single Modem Option

IF ports available: 1Max throughput: 400Mbps

• Hardware includes a single internal modem card that will allow a single channel frequency configuration

• Single Radio Feed – Dual Modem Option

IF ports available: 1Max throughput: 800Mbps

• Includes two internal modem cards that allow for dual channel frequency configuration

• Internal IF combiner merges both channel frequencies over a single IF port

• ODU radio can simultaneously transmit and receive two separate channels

• Dual Radio Feed – Dual Modem Option

IF ports available: 2Max throughput: 800Mbps

• Includes two internal modem cards that allow for dual channel frequency configuration over independent/separate IF ports

• Supports dual throughput mode using different channels or redundancy mode using same channel configuration

Page 20: HQ Comprehensive

Single Radio Feed - Modem Options

Dual Modem – Single Radio800Mbps (2 x 400)

Supports dual channel transmission over a single radio

Single Modem – Single Radio1 x 400Mbps

Supports single channel transmission over a single radio

Channel 1

Channel 1

Channel 2

• There are 2 “Single IF Port” modem options available One has a single internal modem card that will allow single channel transmission One has two internal modem cards and a combiner to allow for dual channel transmission

• Radio can simultaneously transmit and receive multiple channels Radio simply up-converts whatever the modem sends it

Page 21: HQ Comprehensive

Dual Radio Feed - Modem Options

Dual Modem Redundancy400Mbps (2 x 400)

Supports single channel transmission with hot standby redundancy1 active radio - 1 standby radio

Dual Modem – Dual Radio800Mbps (2 x 400)

Supports dual channel transmission over two independent radios

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 1

Channel 1

• There are 2 “Dual IF Port” modem options available One provides dual throughput by using two separate channels over separate radios One provides redundancy by using identical channels over separate radios

Page 22: HQ Comprehensive

Hardware Connections

Page 23: HQ Comprehensive

IF Connections & Limitations

-48VDC

COMMS - 10MHz

TX IF: 400 - 700MHz

RX IF: 1600 - 1900MHz

IF cable carries multiple signals including; transmit & receive IF (data), DC power to the radio and a 10MHz In-Band Signal (IBS) for modem and radio communications

• Errors due to connector/cable faults will typically occur at the higher receive IF frequencies (1600 – 1900MHz)

Maximum allowable cable distance will depend on cable type• Quantum system can compensate for a certain amount of cable loss • Max 18dB loss on the transmit IF signal & 24dB on the receive IF signal

Page 24: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum - IF Cable Loss Limitations

Hardware Type Allowable TX loss

Allowable RX loss

18dB 24dB

14dB 20dB

18dB 24dBChannel 1

Channel 1

Channel 1

Channel 1

Channel 2

Page 25: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum - Cable Types and Limitations

Transmit IF Frequency (Tx IF) = 400-700 MHz Receive IF Frequency (Rx IF) = 1600-2000 MHz

• DragonWave has determined that the DWI supplied patch cables (one 6’ and one 15’) plus two surge arrestors add approximately 1.1 dB of extra loss @ 700 MHz, and 2.0 dB of extra loss @ 2000 MHz

Cable TypeLoss

dB/100ft at 2000MHz

Outer Diameter

Single Modem, Single IF

(23dB)

Dual Modem,Single IF (20dB)(w ith combiner)

Dual Modem,Dual IF (24dB)(no combiner)

Times Microwave LMR-400 5.989 3/8” 351’ 301’ 367’

Times Microwave LMR-600 3.898 9/16” 539’ 462’ 564’

Times Microwave LMR-900 2.635 7/8” 797’ 683’ 835’

Andrew LDF2-50A 5.174 7/16" 405' 348' 425'

Andrew LDF4-50A 2.635 5/8" 796' 683' 835'

Andrew LDF4.5-50A 2.44 7/8" 861' 738' 902'

Andrew LDF5-50A 1.857 1 1/16" 1131' 969' 1185'

Eupen EC1-50 6.556 3/8" 320' 275' 336'

Eupen EC4-50 3.331 1/2" 630' 540' 660'

Eupen EC5-50 1.756 7/8" 1196' 1025' 1253'

Belden 9913 6.709 3/8" 313' 268' 328'

Page 26: HQ Comprehensive

Antenna Connections – Radio Orientation

• Radio polarization is determined by radio orientation Antenna is dual-pol and will accept either polarization Simple dual-clip system to attach/detach radio Radio polarization determined by polarization marker (shown below) Circular waveguide port mates with antenna WG port

2 x antennamounting clips

H V

Page 27: HQ Comprehensive

Horizon QuantumProduct Identification

Page 28: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Radio Identification

• The Quantum radio part number will determine the following:

“R” stands for Compact “Radio” “L” stands for Transmit “Low” (TxL) “HP” stands for “High Power” “18” defines the broadband frequency

of the radio – 18GHz “B1” defines the sub-band of the radio

ie) 18GHz, Band 1

• The far end radio should be: RHHP18B1

Page 29: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Modem Identification

• The quantum modem part number will identify the modem type

• 3 modem hardware types are available

60-000471-01 = single IF feed / single modem

60-000471-02 = single IF feed / dual modem

60-000471-03 = dual IF feed / dual modem

Page 30: HQ Comprehensive

Horizon QuantumCommon Accessories

Page 31: HQ Comprehensive

Dual Polarity Radio Mount - DPRM

H V

• DPRM Description Cross-pole mount on a single antenna Accepts standard Quantum radios Provides bandwidth doubling by allowing both radios

to transmit and receive on separate channels and polarizations over the same antenna

• Benefits Reuses antenna and tower space, effectively

reducing the total cost

Page 32: HQ Comprehensive

Redundant Dual Radio Mount - RDRM

• RDRM connects 2 HC Plus radios to a single antenna to provide redundancy

As per redundancy feature specifications, both radios will transmit and receive on the same polarization

Configuration settings are the same on both radios Initial configuration has primary radio “Active” , and

secondary radio in “Standby”

Polarization Indicator

Page 33: HQ Comprehensive

Horizon QuantumPre - Configuration

Page 34: HQ Comprehensive

Default IP SettingsAll quantum units come with the following default IP settings

IP Address 192.168.10.100Subnet Mask

Default Gateway255.255.0.0192.168.10.1

IP:MASK:

192.168.10.100255.255.0.0IP:

MASK:192.168.X.X255.255.0.0

NOTE: Although some radio settings can be modified, all configuration changes are initiated from the modem unit. Radio configuration changes are forwarded from the modem unit to the radio.

Page 35: HQ Comprehensive

Connection Interface Options• The management interface is accessible via any one of the following ports

6 copper RJ45 Ethernet ports 2 fiber ports 1 RS-232 serial port (RJ45)

NOTE: By default, the management interface is accessible via the “P3” copper Ethernet port - local access only

Page 36: HQ Comprehensive

Isolated Port Groups (IPG)

There are 5 isolated port groups available that allow the user to connect the physical Ethernet ports to the virtual “data paths”. The IPG’s essentially allow the user to interconnect multiple networks AND/OR isolate management traffic from data traffic

If all 4 data paths are used they will share the RF bandwidth over the link (first in, first out) Unused data paths relinquish the bandwidth to those being used (data paths are not allocated a % of bandwidth)

NOTE: By default, the management port (P3) is not connected to a data path therefore management access is restricted to the local unit only

Page 37: HQ Comprehensive

Out of Band Management Option

• By default, the system is configured for local management access only • Management port (P3) is not connected to any data paths• Network management settings should match on by units

MGMT MGMT

Page 38: HQ Comprehensive

Inband Management Option

• Local and remote management access is available using an Inband management mode• Management port (P3) must be attached to one of the data paths• The same settings must be applied to the far end unit

MGMT MGMT

Page 39: HQ Comprehensive

System Connection Methods

Enhanced Web GUI (LinkView) Telnet (CLI) SNMP (v1,v2c,v3)

Page 40: HQ Comprehensive

CLI Configuration

Page 41: HQ Comprehensive

Command Line Interface (CLI)

• To access via CLI, user will need to open a command prompt and telnet to the IP address of the unit you want to configure

Default IP:Username:Password:

192.168.10.100energeticwireless

Page 42: HQ Comprehensive

CLI Conventions & Context Help

• “get” commands return information about the system

>get alarms• “set” commands enter parameters into

the system or change the state of a system feature

>set programmed frequency C1 >set atpc on/off

• Some commands do not follow the standard convention

>save mib >reset system

• Unrecognized commands will return NAK

04/07/2023 Pg. 42

“?” displays a list of all commands Press ctrl-c to quit the listing

“get ?” lists commands beginning with “get”

Press ctrl-c to quit the listing

“? Frequency” displays a list of all commands that include the word “frequency”

get frequency bank get programmed frequency set frequency bank

IMPORTANT KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

“Tab” key Completes a partially entered command (must be unique)Up-arrow (↑) Displays previously entered commandsDown-arrow (↓) Moves back down the list of previously entered commands

Page 43: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum - Basic Configuration Commands

set radio band • Defines the broadband and sub-band frequency of the radio as

well as the channel band width• Example: >set radio band fcc18_1_50_R5• Associated help command: >get radio band

set system mode• Defines the system modulation and subsequent over-the-air

speed of the link• Example: >set system mode hy50_351_256qam• Associated help command: >get system mode

set programmed frequency• Defines the transmit and receive channel frequencies• Example: >set programmed frequency C1• Associated help command: get frequency bank

set system capacity• Determines whether single or dual channels will be used• Example: >set system capacity 1• Associated help command: >get system capacity

set frequency bank• Determines the channel bank to match the radio that the

modem will be connected to (TxL / TxH)• Example: >set frequency bank txhigh• Associated help command: get frequency bank

set programmed frequency wireless_port2• Defines the TX & RX channel frequencies for the 2nd channel• Example: >set programmed frequency C3 wireless_port2• Associated help command: get frequency bank

Page 44: HQ Comprehensive

Basic Configuration - Example

FCC18

140

R5

- Licensing body- 18GHz- Sub-band 1 or A- 40MHz channel bandwidth- Release 5 hardware

>set radio band fcc18_1_40_R5

hy40

351256qam

- Horizon Compact Plus - 40MHz channels- 351Mbps average throughput- 256qam modulation

>set system mode hy50_351_256qam

C1 - Channel 1>set programmed frequency C1

No Index - Management Interface Base- Saves changes to flash

>save mib

No Index - Required to invoke most RF configuration changes unless dynamic configuration option enabled

>reset system

C3 - Channel 3>set programmed frequency C1 wireless_port2

2 - Dual Modem Single Radio>set system capacity 2

txhigh - Transmit high channel bank>set frequency bank txhigh

Page 45: HQ Comprehensive

Web InterfaceConfiguration

Page 46: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum - Web GUI Configuration

• To access via the Web Interface the user will need to open a web browser and enter the IP address of the unit you want to configure in the

• A pop-up window will prompt the user for a username and password

04/07/2023 Pg. 46

Page 47: HQ Comprehensive

Web GUI – Home Page

Navigation Bar

System Information

Pane

System StatusPane

Page 48: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum - Configuration

Quick Config section will bring up the basic configuration tabs

• Management Configuration• Wireless Configuration

Page 49: HQ Comprehensive

Prog. Freq.Frequency BankRadio BandSystem Mode Radio Band

Basic RF configuration• Web basic RF configuration follows the same process as the CLI

• Each configuration step must be followed by hitting the “submit” button

• Configuration process must be done in the order outlined on the configuration page beginning with the system capacity.

• Once each step has been submitted, the subsequent/following step should have options available in the drop-down menu

System Capacity

Page 50: HQ Comprehensive

Basic RF configuration

Page 51: HQ Comprehensive

Configuration – Save Mib & Reset System• Once the configuration has been completed a save mib & reset system must be performed

Hit the “Go to Save Settings and Reset System” button at the bottom of the page

Page 52: HQ Comprehensive

Configuration Verification

• Once a system reset has been performed, monitoring the link via the System Status Pane allows the user to confirm when an RF link has been established with the far end

Link is established when…

Page 53: HQ Comprehensive

Installation

Page 54: HQ Comprehensive

DragonWave Proprietary Information

Quantum – Installation Fundamentals

Antenna & RadioInstallation

• Hardware preparation

• Radio attachments and polarization

• Antenna specifications

Power & Cabling

• Coax assembly, connections, a cable loss limitations

• Power provisioning

Page 55: HQ Comprehensive

Hardware Preparation& Installation

Page 56: HQ Comprehensive

Antenna Mount Preparation• Prep the antenna mounts by centering the vertical and horizontal

adjustment apparatus Ensure adjustment bolts are centered to ensure equal adjustment range in both

directions - prevents mount re-adjustments on the tower

Page 57: HQ Comprehensive

Installation – Radio Hardware Configuration

High-Low Frequency Pair = 1 Licensed Channel

• A licensed link must consist of a Transmit High (TxH) radio and a Transmit Low (TxL) radio

License will determine which end is TxL and which is TxH TxL/TxH orientation cannot be reversed from end to end

TxL TxHTX - 17.925GHz RX - 17.925GHz

RX - 18.675GHz TX - 18.675GHz

Page 58: HQ Comprehensive

Installation - Radio Polarization

• Licensed links operate on “co-polarization” meaning both radios must have the same polarization (both vertical or both horizontal)

License will dictate vertical or horizontal polarization

Polarization Marker

Page 59: HQ Comprehensive

Installation - Radio Attachment

• Radio is attached to antenna using the two mounting clips Circular waveguide interface between radio and antenna

• Dual-Pol antennas will accept vertical or horizontally polarized radios Polarization of the link changed by simply rotating radio by 90 degrees

V H

Page 60: HQ Comprehensive

Installation – Waveguide Interface

Page 61: HQ Comprehensive

Antenna Mast - Twist and Sway

• Maximum twist or sway = ½ of beamwidth of the antenna Antenna with a beamwidth of 2° can tolerate 1° twist or sway Ensure proper mounting above and below antenna mast

Max 1°

Page 62: HQ Comprehensive

24GHz UL – Clearance Requirements• 24 GHz unlicensed systems require a cross-polarization configuration

that is more susceptible to near-field reflections THIS ONLY APPLIES TO 24GHz UNLICENSED LINKS

Page 63: HQ Comprehensive

24GHz UL – Clearance Requirements

• General rule is 1 to 1 antenna mounting height must be equal to (or greater than) the distance to the

closest obstruction An antenna mast 4ft away from a roof edge must be mounted at least 4ft high on

the mast

Page 64: HQ Comprehensive

Power and Cabling

Page 65: HQ Comprehensive

Cabling & Power

• Cabling Default Management & Data

Connections IF connections Cable Types, Limitations &

Assembly

• Power Power supply types Power consumption Fuse recommendations PonE limitations

Page 66: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Default Connections

Port 3 – Local Management

Port 8 – Data Connection

ODU1 – Radio IF Connection

RTN - 48V

POWER

Page 67: HQ Comprehensive

IF Cable Types and Limitations

Transmit IF Frequency (Tx IF) = 400-700 MHz Receive IF Frequency (Rx IF) = 1600-2000 MHz

• DragonWave has determined that the DWI supplied patch cables (one 6’ and one 15’) plus two surge arrestors add approximately 1.1 dB of extra loss @ 700 MHz, and 2.0 dB of extra loss @ 2000 MHz

Cable TypeLoss

dB/100ft at 2000MHz

Outer Diameter

Single Modem, Single IF

(23dB)

Dual Modem,Single IF (20dB)(w ith combiner)

Dual Modem,Dual IF (24dB)(no combiner)

Times Microwave LMR-400 5.989 3/8” 351’ 301’ 367’

Times Microwave LMR-600 3.898 9/16” 539’ 462’ 564’

Times Microwave LMR-900 2.635 7/8” 797’ 683’ 835’

Andrew LDF2-50A 5.174 7/16" 405' 348' 425'

Andrew LDF4-50A 2.635 5/8" 796' 683' 835'

Andrew LDF4.5-50A 2.44 7/8" 861' 738' 902'

Andrew LDF5-50A 1.857 1 1/16" 1131' 969' 1185'

Eupen EC1-50 6.556 3/8" 320' 275' 336'

Eupen EC4-50 3.331 1/2" 630' 540' 660'

Eupen EC5-50 1.756 7/8" 1196' 1025' 1253'

Belden 9913 6.709 3/8" 313' 268' 328'

Page 68: HQ Comprehensive

Ethernet Cable Pinout

1000BaseTx – RJ45 pinout

Pin Signal Color

1 TP0+ White/Green

2 TP0- Green

3 TP1+ White/Orange

4 TP2+ Blue

5 TP2- White/ Blue

6 TP1-

7 TP3+ White/Brown

8 TP3- Brown

• Shielded CAT5e, CAT6 Conductors should alternate between striped

and solid Note: Blue pair is reversed

Page 69: HQ Comprehensive

Grounding

Page 70: HQ Comprehensive

Quantum – Installation Fundamentals

• 4 critical grounding points required to provide proper lightning and surge protection Radio chassis ground Modem ground Upper and lower inline

surge protection ground

Page 71: HQ Comprehensive

Surge Protection & Grounding

Page 72: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment

Page 73: HQ Comprehensive

DragonWave Proprietary Information

Compact Plus – Alignment

Alignment Preparation

• Path preparation• Fresnel Zone

clearance• Side lobes• Target discovery

methods

Pre-Alignment System Check

• Configuration confirmation

• Expected alarms• RSL monitoring –

CLI & web GUI

Page 74: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Preparation

Page 75: HQ Comprehensive

Path Preparation – Fresnel Zone Clearance• The “Fresnel Zone” is the main elliptical region surrounding the line-of-

sight path between transmitting and receive antennas. Must be obstruction free for a microwave radio link to work properly. Obstructions include trees, buildings, other structures or even large vehicles in some

cases• Fresnel zone blockages can result in any or all of these symptoms

Low RSL readings Poor SNR and EbNo ratio High Equalizer Stress levels

Page 76: HQ Comprehensive

Additional Side Lobes

Main LobeFresnel Zone

Page 77: HQ Comprehensive

Solutions For Finding a Target

• Shorter links - remote site antenna not visible Reflective signaling devices - mirror GPS/Compass

• Longer Links - remote site not visible Reflective signaling – mirror GPS/Compass Google Maps imaging – Identify nearby landmarks or intersections

• Low light conditions High candle power flash or strobe light Camera flash Flare

Page 78: HQ Comprehensive

Locating End-Points – Maps

• When the far end of the link is not visible Enter the address or coordinated of both ends of the link in Google Maps or Google Earth Plot a link line between the two sites Identify a nearby landmark or intersection and align to that

Page 79: HQ Comprehensive

Pre-AlignmentSystem Check

Page 80: HQ Comprehensive

Pre-Alignment – Expected Alarms

• Log into the web interface and select the highlighted “Alarms” tab from status window or from the top menu – navigate to the Wireless Alarms section

CLI

GUI

Page 81: HQ Comprehensive

Pre-Alignment – Expected Alarms

• Refers to the systems inability to link with the far end unit. In the case of pre-alignment, this will be accompanied by the RSL below threshold & modem receiver loss of signal alarms

Wireless Link Down

Page 82: HQ Comprehensive

Pre-Alignment – Expected Alarms

• Refers to the systems inability to lock on a signal from the far end. This alarm will be active when RSL below threshold alarm is active. Can also be present when RSL within threshold but SNR alarms active – assists in detecting interference and signal quality issues

• If the system is configured for a dual wireless channel, this alarm will also be present on wireless port 2

Modem Receiver Loss of Signal

• Alarm is active until a signal is detected within the threshold for that given modulation mode. RSL thresholds will vary significantly between modulation modes. NOTE: A link may still require alignment even though the RSL threshold alarm is inactive

RSL Below Threshold

Page 83: HQ Comprehensive

Programmed Frequency (WP1 & WP2)Transmit frequency on one end should match the receive frequency from the far end of the link, and vice versa. A channel mismatch must be resolved prior to alignment. Also verify that both ends are configured to use the same number of channels

CLI: >get programmed frequency / get system capacity

Transmit PowerUnless a license indicates otherwise, the transmit power levels should be the same on both ends of the link. Uneven transmit power levels can cause unnecessary confusion during alignment

CLI: >get transmit power

System ModeThe system mode setting determines the modulation and over-the-air speed of the link. A system mode mismatch will affect signal quality but may not affect signal power. May be able to achieve near-target RSL levels but RF link not attainable. Ensure system modes are the same.

CLI: >get system mode

Pre-Alignment System Check - CLI• Confirm the following configuration settings (on both ends) prior to alignment:

Frequency bank & programmed frequency (WP1 & WP2) System mode Transmit power Radio transmitter state

Radio Transmitter StateA disabled transmitter, whether it has been manually turned off by the user or automatically disabled by the system, will prevent the user from aligning the link. Ensure that the radio transmitter state in “on” prior to alignment.

CLI: >get radio transmitter state

Page 84: HQ Comprehensive

Antenna Alignment

Page 85: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Monitoring Parameters

• During the initial alignment process, the Receive Signal Level (RSL) is the primary parameter used to determine a viable link

RSL – signal strength or signal power Does not account for signal quality

• Once the target RSL has been established, there are several parameters that need to be monitored to declare a clean RF link:

Signal Power Indicators

• Receive Signal Level (RSL)

Signal Quality Indicators

• Energy per bit (vs) Noise - EbNo

• Signal to Noise Ratio – SNR• Equalizer Stress - EQS

RF Traffic Indicators

• Modem RX Blocks• Modem RX Block Errors

Page 86: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Monitoring Methods

• There are three main ways to monitor the RSL during alignment

Command Line Interface (CLI) Web Interface BNC port – signal strength indicator

Page 87: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Monitoring Methods - CLI

Command Line Interface – CLI

Receive Signal Levels (RSL) can be monitored via CLI by repeatedly issuing the “get modem statistics” command. For alignment purposes, the RSL is used as the primary indicator, but the target RSL has been established, the signal quality can be confirmed using this command as well (ie, EbNo, SNR, EQS)

CLI command: >get modem statistics

Page 88: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Monitoring Methods - BNC

BNC Port – Field Strength Indicator

The Quantum comes equipped with a built in BNC port which can be used to monitor the RSL. The port provides a milliVolt (mV) output that corresponds directly to the dBm level being received by the system. BNC = -45mV RSL = -45dBm

CLI command: >set alignment on

- 45mV- 45dBm

Page 89: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Monitoring Methods - Web

Web Interface – Link Alignment

Receive Signal Levels (RSL) can be monitored under the “tools tab in the Web GUI. The RSL will refresh every second for alignment and monitoring purposes. Additionally, once an operational RSL has been established, the “wireless link” should switch to “UP”

Related CLI command: >set web server on

Page 90: HQ Comprehensive

Antenna Mount - Adjustments and Locking

Vertical Adjustment

Horizontal Adjustment

HorizontalLock Nuts

VerticalLock Nuts

• Once the antenna mount has been attached and secured to the mast Loosen the horizontal and vertical lock nuts slightly prior to performing the alignment Lock nuts should still be tight enough to provide a little resistance during alignment adjustments Less chance of misalignment when alignment complete and lock nuts tightened

Page 91: HQ Comprehensive

Alignment Process

A B

A B

A B

A B

1. Alignment Preparation

• Ensure that the path is free of obstructions• Ensure one crew at each endpoint• Ensure both transmitters enabled and BNC

alignment port is enabled (if being used)

2. Site A - Alignment

• Perform a full horizontal alignment on site A (entire 35° range) and tighten lock nuts once max RSL has been attained

• Perform a full vertical alignment and lock down once the max RSL has been attained

3. Site B - Alignment

• Perform a full horizontal alignment on site B (entire 35° range) and tighten lock nuts once max RSL has been attained

• Perform a full vertical alignment and lock down once the max RSL has been attained

4. Link Confirmation

• Repeat horizontal and vertical alignment on both ends as necessary until target RSL is achieved

• Ensure H & V lock nuts have been tightened

Page 92: HQ Comprehensive

Important Alignment Tips

• Main and Side lobes Depending on the target RSL, RSL threshold and distance of the link, there may be

multiple side lobes present during alignment Side lobes are typically 15-20dB below the main lobe Lower vertical lobes not always present – ground absorption

A • -35dBm

• -50dBm

• -65dBm

• -50dBm

• -65dBm

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Important Alignment Tips

• Adjustment rotation A full (360°) rotation of the adjustment bolt can cause the user to skip over the entire

main lobe For standard antennas, a ¼ turn, with a 1 second settle time is recommendations With larger antennas (smaller beamwidth) smaller adjustments may be required (1/8 th

turn) to find the main signal

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DragonWave Antenna

Sometimes additional Side Lobe(s) are seen

Side Lobe(s)Main Lobe

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Link Verification – Link Parameters

• How can I tell that the link parameters are fine? No link affecting alarms

available via GUI or CLI “>get alarms” Wireless link established – wireless link is up

Ensure that link not aligned to side lobe – typically 15-20dB down from target RSL RSL within expected range

±3dB of target RSL level Appropriate fade margins established – fade can be as high as 6 dB per mile

Eb/No within acceptable range should be 19 dB or greater (21 for 256QAM)

SNR within acceptable range should be 24 dB or greater (29 for 256QAM)

Modem Block Errors not increasing

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Link Verification - Web

Web Verification – The same RF parameters used to declare a operational link in the CLI can be viewed in the GUI

• RSL ±3dB of target• EbNo > 21dB• SNR >29• EQS <150

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Link Verification – Web GUI

RF parameters within spec as outlined on previous page

0 Rx Block Errors

SITE B

SITE A

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TroubleshootingCommon Issues & Tips

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• Troubleshooting Techniques Radio Loopback Network Loopback Alarms Monitoring Diagnostics File Verification

Common Issues & Troubleshooting Tips

• Configuration Issues System mode mismatch Transmit power mismatch Programmed frequency mismatch

• Installation and Alignment Issues Radio and antenna mount issues Radio cross polarization Side lobe alignment Advanced feature Issues

• Post Installation Issues Link deterioration Traffic Loss Hardware replacement issues Software upgrades

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Configuration Issues

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Radio Mismatch

The IDU modem must be programmed with an appropriate radio band and frequency bank such that it matches that of the connecting radio. Incorrect configuration will result in a “radio mismatch” alarm (see below)

Frequency Bank Mismatch

TxH

TxL

• A modem that is configured for transmit low frequency bank but connected to a transmit high radio will result in a “Radio Mismatch” alarm

Radio Band Mismatch

18B1

23B2

• A modem that is configured for an 23B2 radio band but connected to an 18B1 radio will result in a “Radio Mismatch” alarm

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System Mode (Modulation) Mismatch

• A mismatch in the system mode configuration will result in a “modem receiver loss of signal” alarm

Can be difficult to diagnose because the RSL levels will appear close to target levels Link quality indicators (SNR, EbNo) will be below threshold levels

A B256QAM 128QAMTX: 17dBm

TX: 15dBm -47dBm

-45dBm

• Modulation Mismatch Analogy - A comparable analogy would be two people talking to each other in different languages. They can hear each other (good signal power – RSL) but don’t understand each other (bad signal quality – SNR)

• NOTE: The system mode will determine the maximum allowable transmit power for any given modulation. Although RSL levels may appear to be near target levels, a modulation mismatch will typically result in a slight RSL mismatch (seen above)

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Transmitter State Mismatch

• User must also ensure that both radio transmitters are enabled prior to alignment• User has manual control of the transmitter state (on/off). A disabled transmitter will result in a “link down” state and one

side of the link reporting and RSL level near or below the noise floor

CLI: >get radio transmitter state

Transmit Power Mismatch

• A mismatch in the transmit power configurations will typically result in an equally mismatched RSL level from end to end • Depending on the target RSL and sensitivity thresholds of a given link, this can result in a “link down” condition• In most cases the link will remain up with an obvious RSL mismatch

CLI: >get transmit power

Transmitter & Transmit Power Mismatch

A BTX: 0dBm

TX: 15dBm -40dBm

-55dBm

A BTX: OFF

TX: 15dBm -40dBm

-90dBm

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Programmed Frequency Mismatch

Channel Mismatch - A Programmed Frequency configuration mismatch will result in a “wireless link down” condition accompanied by the “modem receiver loss of signal” and “RSL below threshold” alarms.

To avoid a channel mismatch always verify the TX and RX frequencies on the home page system information pane. The transmit frequency on one side of the link should be the receive on the other end, and vice versa

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Installation & Alignment Issues

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Cabling Issues

• Incorrectly made cables or cables that exceed the recommended distance limitations will result in an “excessive cable loss” alarm

• When a cable disconnect has occurred (due to faulty assembly or manual disconnection) the system will report a “radio lost communications” alarm

LMR400 - 500ftExceeds recommended

distance of 300ft for LMR400 cable

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Asynchronous Modem Block Errors

Each wireless port (channel) in a dual modem system uses a different IF frequency to transport data to and from the radio. Depending on the quality of the cable it is possible to have “notch filtering” on one of the frequencies, but not on the other

• Notch filtering can normally be identified by the presence of modem block errors on one wireless port (WP1) or channel but not on the other (WP2) – see example below

WP1 IF: 1625MHz

To confirm notch filtering on a cable the channels can be swapped

• If the issue follows the channel frequency after they have been swapped, the cable (or a cable connection) is faulty and must be replaced• If the problem stays on the same wireless port, the internal modem card is at fault and the IDU mist be replaced.

WP2 IF: 1725MHz

No Block Errors

Increasing Block Errors

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Radio & Antenna Mount Issues

• Antenna Mounted out of plumb• Pole mount incorrect size for dish -

no room for adjustment• No bottom mount / stabilizer Bar

• Maximum twist/sway = ½ of beamwidth • Max twist/sway = 1 degree for 1ft antenna• Max twist = 0.5 degrees for 4ft antenna

• Maximum of 4 ft of mast above last rigid mounting point• Mast diameter, wall thickness, construction material will

also affect stability• 1’ – 2’ antennas require 2 3/8ths ” diameter pole• Larger antennas require 3 ½” or larger diameter

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• HCP links that operate on licensed radio bands use a diplexer system to simultaneously handle transmitted and received signals to/from the dish/reflector. For this reason, both radios must have the same signal polarization

• CAUTION: Cross-Polarized radios will result in a signal strength approximately 30dB below the expected RSL level. Ensure that both radios have the same orientation/polarization

Radio Cross-Polarization

Horizontal

Vertical

Note: The polarization can be confirmed remotely via the command line interface CLI: >get antenna tilt

V V

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Symptoms - Side Lobe Alignment

• Side lobe alignment typically a result of not performing a full alignment or aligning too quickly• Side lobes are normally 15-20dB down from a neighboring main lobe. Similarly, the secondary side lobes will be an

additional 15-20dB below the first side lobe

CLI : >set alignment on >get modem statistics

Side Lobe Alignment

RSL: -55dBmRSL: -37dBm

NOTE: The misaligned radio can be identified by reviewing the RSL levels on both radios

• The radio reporting “near target” RSL levels is typically the misaligned radio (far side is aligned properly). Similarly, a radio reporting a lower RSL reading (15-20dB down) indicates that the far end radio is misaligned

A B

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Advanced Features - ATPC Mismatch

• ATPC must be disabled prior to the alignment• If ATPC required after alignment user must ensure that the feature is

enabled on both sides ATPC mismatch will result in an “ATPC config mismatch” alarm on the unit with ATPC

enabled – non link affecting

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Advnaced Features - HAAM Mismatch

• HAAM must be disabled prior to the alignment

• If required after alignment ensure that the feature enabled on both sides HAAM mismatch will result in a modulation mismatch and multiple subsequent alarms HAAM uses slightly different modulation scheme to allow for hitless shifting. These

different system modes will not link up with non-HAAM modes therefore a HAAM config mismatch will always result in a “link down” state.

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Post InstallationIssues

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Link Deterioration – Alignment

• Antenna mount adjustment bolts not tightened Wind can knock system out of alignment Larger antennas more susceptible to wind loading Tower crews accidentally move antenna

• Antenna misalignment will often result in uneven RSL levels The end that experienced the misalignment generally continues to receive a signal close to

target. The far end is still accurately aligned. Far end will experience a significant RSL drop May hit the edge of the main lobe or even a neighboring sidelobe The misalignment example below uses a target RSL of -45dBm

- 47dBm

A B

- 62dBm

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Saturation & Sensitivity Specs

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Troubleshooting Techniques and Utilities

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RF loopback – Fault Isolation

• The Quantum comes equipped with a radio loopback feature that allows the user to quickly diagnose link issues by isolating and identifying the faulty component

Helps isolate between transmitter and receiver issues and identifies faulty hardware Transmit signal is “looped back” on receiver

• The remote transmitter should be disabled prior to enabling local loopback This is to ensure that there aren’t interfering signals entering the receiver You only want to hear the local (looped back) transmit signal

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Enabling RF loopback - Web

• Radio loopback feature configuration controls are found under the “diagnostics” tab

• Ensure that the “radio” loopback type is selected and the loopback timeout duration is set appropriately – loopback will automatically disable

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Enabling RF loopback - CLI

To activate the radio loopback feature via the CLI, issue the following telnet command:

• >set radio loopback on -t<seconds>

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Confirm radio loopback by comparing the RF performance before and after loopback is enabled

• RSL• EbNo• SNR

Radio loopback can be visually confirmed by monitoring the link status window of the local unit – successful loopback will result in a “wireless link up” status on Wireless Port 1

Loopback Monitoring - RF Parameters

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CLI commands:

• >set traffic statistics 0• >get traffic statistics

Ensure “0” Rx Block Error

RF Loopback - Monitoring Parameters• A successful radio loopback can usually be identified by reviewing the RF parameters (RSL, SNR, EbNo) ,

however, intermittent transmit and receive issues are sometimes undetectable using this method• The most accurate way to confirm radio loopback is to monitor the modem blocks (RF traffic)

There should be 0 modem block errors during the loopback RF traffic statistics should be cleared after loopback has been enabled

Web Interface:

• RF(wireless) traffic statistics available under web GUI “performance” tab

• Ensure counters are cleared after loopback feature enabled

Ensure “0” Rx Block Error

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IF Loopback – Fault Isolation

• The Quantum is also equipped with an IF loopback feature that allows the user to further isolate local faults by performing a loopback within the IDU modem.

Typically, the IF loopback is performed after a radio loopback failure This allows the user to isolate the fault further by eliminating the radio and IF cable from the test If the radio loopback test failed but the IF loopback passes, the fault is in the radio/IF cable If the IF loopback fails the modem is at fault

• The remote transmitter should be disabled prior to enabling local IF loopback This is to ensure that there aren’t interfering signals entering the receiver You only want to hear the local (looped back) transmit signal

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Merlin UtilityDemonstration

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SW UpgradeProcedure

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Configuration Backup & Restore

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Advanced Features