HS-140: PharmacologyWeek 5: The Respiratory and Circulatory SystemsDr. Straub

Overview of Unit 5

Reading: Chapter 26: Respiratory System DisordersChapter 27: Circulatory System Disorders

Discussion Board

Seminar

Assignment

Make sure to read all announcements for complete details on weekly requirements!

Respiration: The process of exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Upper respiratory tract: Nose Pharynx Larynx

Lower respiratory tract: Trachea Bronchial Tree Lungs

The Respiratory System

Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Antihistamines

Antihistamines: block the H1 receptor sites, preventing histamine action during allergic rhinitis (see p. 527-28 of textbook).

Drug tolerance may occur.

1st Generation: sedating, short acting: chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton) diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

2nd Generation: non-sedating and much longer duration of action: Claritin Zyrtec Allegra

Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Decongestants

Decongestants reduce congestion by shrinking swollen mucous membranes of the nasal passage due to the common cold (see p. 529-30 of textbook).

Often combined with antihistamines.

Oral and nasal preparations are both available.

Asthma Medications

Virtual Field Trip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGDi5tI5vT

k

Let’s discuss how asthma occurs and how asthma medications treat this condition.

Turn to p. 539 in the textbook. What combination is found in Advair Diskus?

Class Exercise 1: Working in a Medical Office

Turn to p. 155 in the Workbook.

As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.

To answer the questions, you may refer to 527-535 of your textbook.

Consists of heart, which pumps blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), through which blood flows.

Heart consists of four chambers.

Overview of the Cardiovascular System

9

Heart Disease There are several origins of heart disease.

In most cases, the heart needs to work harder to overcompensate for problems. Example:

Patient has high blood pressure due to cholesterol build-up in the arteries.

Blood has difficulty passing through the arteries. Heart increases contractions to facilitate blood flow, which

causes additional problems.

Medications can either: Decrease heart rate and contractions or Target the cause of heart disease

10

ACE Inhibitors Found on p. 571 of textbook.

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II constricts the blood vessels, which elevates blood pressure and causes the heart to work harder.

Therefore, ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction, blood pressure, and heart rate.

11

Beta-Blocking Agents

Found on p. 569 of textbook.

Increase in heart rate occurs when: Sympathetic neurons release

norepinephine/adrenaline. Norepinephine/adrenaline

binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart cells, which increases contractions.

Beta-blocking agents block beta-adrenergic receptors and decrease heart rate.

12

Calcium Channel Blockers

Found on p. 572 of textbook. After norepinephrine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic

receptors, calcium from outside of the heart cells enters the heart cells.

Calcium channel blockers prevent the entry of extracellular calcium ions into the heart cells.

Game: Which suffix is frequently used in the generic names of

calcium channel blockers?

13

A. -olol B. -statin

C. -ipine D. -pril

Game: What suffix is frequently used in the generic names of

calcium channel blockers?

14

C. -ipine

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Found on p. 574 of textbook.

Prevent cholesterol plaques in the arteries.

Example of a lipid-lowering agent: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).

Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”?

16

A. Lipator B. Zitia

C. Zecor D. Crestor

Game: which of the following is the correct spelling for a “statin”?

17

D. Crestor

Class Exercise 2: Working in a Medical Office

Turn to p. 163 in the Workbook.

As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.

Thank you for your attention and participation in the seminar!

Any questions?

I look forward to the rest of Unit 5. Please contact me with any questions throughout the week.