HSB 4U

Chapter 1

Ms. Gluskin

CBC News. (2014, Aug. 24). Tina Fontaine, slain teen remembered at Manitoba funeral. Retrieved Sept. 3, 2014 from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/tina-fontaine-slain-teen-remembered-at-manitoba-funeral-1.2745031

Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women

• Tina Fontaine, 15, of Winnipeg, was found dead, in a bag, in the Red River. She was from the Sagkeeg First Nation, north of Winnipeg. She had been living in foster care but ran away from home. Her father had been violently beaten in 2011.

• Consequently there has been a lot of discussion about having a full inquiry into the deaths and disappearances of hundreds of Aboriginal women across Canada.

ACTIVITY:

• A) Given this information, what questions would you ask in order to find out more? Think in a social science mode.

• B) How would you go about finding out the answers?

Asking Questions and Finding Answers in Social Science

Judgements Scientific Research

Personal stories (anecdotes)

Research methods: PO, interview, survey, controlled experiment

Personal opinions AnalysisIntuition Data (statistics)Personal experience

SUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVEConclusion: social science is studied using…

Definitions - Matching

Anthropology “organization developed to meet society’s basic needs.”

Culture “Its goal is to develop a broad and comprehensive understanding of what it means to be human.”

Sociology “The systematic study of human social life, groups, and societies.”

Social Institution

“The learned patterns of behaviour and thought that help a group adapt to its surroundings.”

Headings in First Set of Notes?

• What was the title of the section of the chapter that covered pages 6-8?

History of Globalization in Brazil

• Globalization is simply increased trade links between countries.

• What happened to Brazil’s economy since the 1950s?– Mechanization on large sugar plantations– Less subsistence farming– GDP per capita increased

Social Effects of Globalization

• One’s intuition might lead to thinking that all of Brazil benefited from the economic changes. – What happened in “Bom Jesus” as a result of

the economic changes?• Diet changed• Infant mortality rate very high (stats)• Other

Scheper-Hughes’ Research Methods

• How did she collect her data?

• How did she learn from the women?– What safeguards did she use to protect them

and encourage them to be forthcoming with their stories?

Key Concept Connections

• Which key concepts connect to the Bom Jesus case study other than the one bolded (GDP per capita)?– Participant observation– Anthropology– Culture– Behaviour

Anthropology, cont: Kinship

• Why is kinship an anthropological topic?

• Is kinship a synonym of family?

Family Tree

American Nuclear Family

Ju/Wasi Camp

Trobriand Island

Ethnography

• What is it?

• Who uses it?

Kinship Matching

Mating ___ A) Descent

Birth ___ B) Marriage

Nurturance ___ C) Adoption

Kinship con’t

• A family friend you call “auntie” is an example of:

• How could you tell if a family is matrilineal or patrilineal?

Challenges of Kinship in a Diverse Society

• In groups, take these scenarios and rank them most (1) to least (7) in terms of the challenge they pose in the multicultural society of Canada.A: Same-sex marriageB: Same-sex marriage spouses adopting children or

using a surrogate motherC: CohabitationD: Blended familiesE: Intercultural marriagesF: Arranged marriagesG: Children being raised abroad by their grandparents

Schools of Thought

• Are schools of thought the same as disciplines?– No, disciplines of social science are A, P, S.– Schools of thought are sub-divisions within a

discipline.– Definition = groups certain theorists and their

approaches together when they have certain commonalities in how they interpret data.

Schools of Thought in Anthropology Chart (12-14)

Functionalism Structuralism Cultural Materialism

Similar-ities

Attempts to understand cultures

Attempts to understand cultures

Attempts to understand cultures

Unique Focus

Critic-isms

Social Institutions – Three Definitions

• Examples: family, economy, religion, education.

1.Established laws, practices and customs in a society.

2.The organized way a society develops to meet its basic needs.

3.Organized pattern of beliefs and behaviours that focus on providing basic social needs and producing and reproducing social relations.

Schools of Thought in Anthropology, con’t

• For each of the following, indicate whether it matches with Functionalism (A), Structuralism (B), or Cultural Materialism (C)

• __ Learn how good or bad are defined in context.• __ Every practice has a purpose.• __ Infrastructure; structure; superstructure and technology.• __ Technology and economy determine what a society will be

like.• __ Institutions serve the best interest of the majority.• __ Overlooks negative results of some practices.• __ May try to fit the culture to the rules rather than vice-versa. • __ Too much focus on logic and stability. • __ Seeks to understand how the human mind forms binary

opposites.• __ Most economic in focus.• __ Involves social institutions.

Anthro Schools of Thought

• Which two seem most related?– __ and __ because of their emphasis on

___________.

• Which definition of social institution seems most “functional”?

• Look at the time period for each school of thought on page 13. What does this tell you?

Binary Opposites

Not simply opposites: “anthropologists must seek out and explain these rules.”

“These binary opposites are defined in a particular culture in a way that is logical to its members.”

Bain, C., et. al. (2002). Transitions in society: the challenge of change. Toronto: Oxford.

Psychology

Psychology

Darley and Latane Frisbee Experiment (p. 16)

• Purpose: Why are they conducting this experiment?

• Method: How do they gather data?

• Conclusions: What conclusions/lessons do they arrive at based on their data? (include a lesson and the data that supports it)

Key concepts: bystander, confederate, variable, situation (environment, conditions, setting that influences people), behaviour

• When have you been a confederate?

• Are you more often a bystander or an actor? Such as when…

UBC. (N.d.). The Really Campaign. Retrieved Sept. 8, 2014 from http://really.ubc.ca/?attachment_id=419

Psychology Experiments

1. Which gender multitasks better?

2. Does gender impact creativity?

3. Does gender impact on moral decisions?

4. Will people remember pictures or words better?

5. Can memory be influenced by diet?

Ideas from http://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/undergrad/ptacc/instructors-guide.pdf

Types of Psychologists

For each psychologist, are they clinical, experimental, developmental?

Freud: _______Adler: _______Jung: _______Pavlov: _______Piaget: _______Skinner: _______Erikson: _______

Types of Psychology (not schools of thought)

• Clinical

• Experimental

• Developmental psychology:– The study of progressive behavioural changes

in an individual throughout the lifespan.

Psychology

• Did you notice any major differences in the way the various psychologists looked at human behaviour? – Were some similar enough to each other that

you might classify them into the same school of thought?

Psychology Matching from Handout

Name the psychologist associated with each theory. In some cases, name the theory as well.

1. Children feel inferior so they compensate by looking for experiences that give them a sense of power. This is called ______________________.

2. Personal and collective unconscious. 3. Associate food with bell. This is called __________________. 4. Reward and punishment (or withholding of reward). This is called

_______________________. 5. Learning stages take place in the same order and at roughly the

same age. 6. Good and bad consequences of actions lead to learning.7. Identity crisis. 8. Unconscious mind significantly influences behaviour.

*Schools of Thought in Psychology

• Psychoanalytic Theory = focuses on a view of the mind that includes conscious and unconscious (and its parts). Tends to emphasize unconscious part of mind.

• Behaviourism = focuses on what motivates human behaviour, especially through early child-rearing methods.

• Learning Theory = focuses on most human behaviour being learned.

*See text pages 18-21 for homework.

Psychology Matching From Text

Name the psychologist associated with each theory. 1. Permissive child-rearing produces well-adjusted

children. 2. Strict schedules and rules are good for children while

growing up. 3. Kids model behaviour learned through observation. 4. Divided the mind into three parts. They are called ___,

______, ____________.5. Did experiments with rats, pigeons.6. Did experiments with dogs. 7. Learning is a result of a stimulus-response effect.

Psychology From Text, con’t

Neuroses __ A conscience

Id __ B anxiety

Superego __ C pleasure

Ego __ D external reality

Food __ E imitation

Coloured disk __ F response

Bobo the clown __ G stimulus

Sociology Basics

• Role– Hierarchy

• Status

• Role– Norms

All of this takes place within various social institutions.

Structure and Organization of Society

• Social Institutions• Roles

– Ascribed (born into), Achieved (earned)

• Equality / Inequality / Income / Socioeconomic status

• Urban / Rural• Ethnicity/Culture/Race • Language• Education• Gender

Role Conflict

• What are some typical teenage role conflicts?

• What are some role conflicts experienced by your parents?

Role: Additional Definition

• A set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position

Sociological Schools of Thought

Definitions you will need:

Capitalism = an economic system in which profit is the driving force in a free market with little government interference

e.g.,

Opposite =

Assimilation = the act of minority groups giving up their unique culture and blending into the majority

e.g.,

Opposite =

Sociological Schools of Thought

S of T Main Ideas + (what you personally like)

- (what you personally don’t like)

Funct I don’t like that it doesn’t focus on change or conflict (ignores poverty, class issues)

Neo-MSym Int

Fem

Incl

Social Institutions and Sociological S of T

Functionalism:

Role of social institutions

Key social institutions (according to

basic needs)

Neo-Marxism

Key social institutions (determinism)

X

POWER

Symbolic Interactionism

Role of social institutions?

Feminist Theory

Values within social institutions tend to be

Determinism

The problem is that values

within _____________s tend

to be sexist, or ____________.

Inclusionism

Sample Quiz Question

• Feminist theorists believe that social institutions are:

A Patriarchal

B Equal

C Symbolically interactive

D clinical

TOO SIMPLE A Question

• Male dominated is a synonym for:

A patriarchy

B hierarchy

C binary opposite

D neurotic