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HSC with TAO NIR Observations To Probe Galaxy Evolution Kentaro Motohara (IoA, University of Tokyo), TAO Project Team, and TAO Project Science Collaborators

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Page 1: HSC with TAO NIRObservationssumire.ipmu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/HSCWS_20120927...2012/09/27  · HSC with TAO NIRObservations To Probe Galaxy Evolution KentaroMotohara(IoA, University

HSC with TAO NIR ObservationsTo Probe Galaxy Evolution

Kentaro Motohara (IoA, University of Tokyo),TAO Project Team,  and

TAO Project Science Collaborators

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TAO : The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory

A 6.5m IR/Optical telescope

At the highest site on the world (18500ft)⇒ High atmospheric transmittance

50% open use observation / 50% project observation

TAO Project

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One of the peaks at the Chajnantor plateau At northern edge of ALMA concession Altitude of 5640m (18500ft) 20deg‐S/30deg‐W

Co. Chajnantor

Page 4: HSC with TAO NIRObservationssumire.ipmu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/HSCWS_20120927...2012/09/27  · HSC with TAO NIRObservations To Probe Galaxy Evolution KentaroMotohara(IoA, University

A pathfinder telescope RC Cassegrain telescope Focal ratio F/12.0 FOV φ10 arcmin Two facility instruments

near‐infrared camera ANIR mid‐infrared camera MAX38

Installed at the summit in 2009

Existing Facility : miniTAO 1.0m

Page 5: HSC with TAO NIRObservationssumire.ipmu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/HSCWS_20120927...2012/09/27  · HSC with TAO NIRObservations To Probe Galaxy Evolution KentaroMotohara(IoA, University

Now Seen in Google Earth, 

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in Wikipedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest_astronomical_observatories

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… and Certified as Guinness World Record

Page 8: HSC with TAO NIRObservationssumire.ipmu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/HSCWS_20120927...2012/09/27  · HSC with TAO NIRObservations To Probe Galaxy Evolution KentaroMotohara(IoA, University

Very low water vapor (PWV~0.5mm@25%tile) High transmittance in the infrared

TAO site

continuous windows in the NIR  New windows at 30 um

ATRAN simulation

PWV=5mm

PWV=1mm

PWV=0.5mm

Page 9: HSC with TAO NIRObservationssumire.ipmu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/HSCWS_20120927...2012/09/27  · HSC with TAO NIRObservations To Probe Galaxy Evolution KentaroMotohara(IoA, University

Ver 2.0 :http://www.ioa.s.u‐tokyo.ac.jp/TAO/pjbook/pjbook.html

宇宙論 Ia型超新星サーベイ

銀河形成 Z=1‐3銀河の分光サーベイ 近傍銀河のPaα撮像・分光サーベイ

AGN ダストに埋もれたAGNサーベイ 変光モニタによるダストトーラスの構造

星 小中大質量星、分子雲でのダスト形成プロセス AGB星の中間赤外変光モニタ 晩期型星の分子光球

惑星系形成 Transition ダスト円盤サーベイ

TAO Science

Page 10: HSC with TAO NIRObservationssumire.ipmu.jp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/HSCWS_20120927...2012/09/27  · HSC with TAO NIRObservations To Probe Galaxy Evolution KentaroMotohara(IoA, University

Instrumentation for TAO 6.5m

Two Instruments NIR MOS spectrograph/Imager (SWIMS) MIR Imager/Spectrograph (MIMIZUKU)

Development started from  2009, funded by economy stimulus budget

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NIR Camera : SWIMS

Simultaneous‐band Wide field Infrared MOS Spectrograph 9.6’ Φ with 4kx4k pixels Simultaneous 2‐band Imaging 

blue channel : 0.9‐1.4um red channel : 1.5‐2.5um

0.9‐2.5m MOS spectroscopy  with cooled multi‐slit masks max. 30 objects R~1000(0.6”slit) 

IFU module under  feasibility study

2.0m

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Filter WheelsFor BBFs & DIspersers

Filter WheelsFor NBFs

NBFs are placed in Converging light 

Dichroic Mirror

Blue Channel( = 0.9‐1.4 m)

Red Channel(= 1.4‐2.5 m)

SWIMS Optics

2channels split by DM at 1.4um Spectroscopy from 0.9‐2.5um

=> accurate line ratios Dual‐band wide‐field imaging

Each focal plane is covered by 2 H2RGs (extendable to4x4)

9.6’

Future

8.1 x 4.0’

1600mm

230mm

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2m

SWIMS Manufacturing Underway

MOS Exchanger (Sentencia)

Main Dewar /Cooler(SHI)

HAWAII‐2RGs (Teledyne)

Grism (Optcraft / Richardson)

Aspherical ZnSe Lenses(Optcraft / II‐IV)

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Assembly Test at Mitaka New Building (2011/6)

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Large Imaging / Spectroscopic Survey using Large amount of Observing Time

Wide Field Deep NIR Survey

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0.9‐2.5m corresponds to rest optical wavelength of z=1‐3 galaxies

⇒ precise continuum / line ratio measurement RedshiftBalmer decrementSFR measurementMetallicity measurementAGN diagnosis

Rest Optical Sectroscopy

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Ideal for Redshift Survey at z=1‐3 Multi‐Line Observation for wider redshift range

Continuous NIR Window

Little transmittance at TAO site Little transmittance at ~2600m

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Advantage of TAO 6.5m/SWIMS Wide FoV High spatial resolution (0.12”/pix, ~0.5”seeing) Complete coverage of redshift Large amount of observing time⇒

NIR Follow‐up Imaging of HSC Deep Imaging Field NIR Follow‐up Spectroscopy of HSC/PFS Redshift Survey 

Collaboration with HSC Survey

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Mass Assembly Activity Peaks at z=1‐3 More than 50% of present stellar mass was formed 

Mass Assembly History in the Universe

Hopkins & Beacom 2006

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High Redshift Galaxies seem to be assembled not by intense merging⇒ Cold Accretion Model?: Cold gas (<10000K) accretes on a galaxy through filamentary structure

Cold Accretion

Dekel+09

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Steidel et al. 2010 NIR spectroscopy of 89 

BX/BMs Redshift of a Galaxy ( ) : 

Emission lines from HII regions in rest‐Optical

Redshift of Cold Gas ( ) :Absorption lines in rest‐UV

‐ So far, no detection

Cold Accretion Model

Steidel+10

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Covering fraction is ~1%‐⇒ Larger sample (>few x 1000) is necessary to confirm and study the detail of cold accretion

Difficulties in Observing Cold Accretion

Faucher‐Giguere+11

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HSC/PFS surveys will provide numbers of z~2 galaxies (~10000)

PFS provides UV absorption lines⇒

NIR follow‐up observation by TAO/SWIMS⇒

Targeting H 6563 @ 1.5<z<2.6 ~30/FoV 2hr / pointings ~300 pointings=> 600hr = 100 nights

Testing Cold Accretion Model

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Metallicity Evolution : Yes/No?

Erb+06 Hayashi, KM+09 

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M‐Z relation becomes univeral when normalization by SFR?

Universal Funamental Plane?

Mannucci+10

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HSC + NIR imaging surveys Broad‐band SED => Mass, Age, …

SWIMS spectroscopy obtain all the major rest‐optical emission lines  [OII] 3727 : 1.4<z<5.4  H 4861 : 0.9<z<3.9 [OIII] 5007 : z<3.8 H 6563 : z<2.6⇒ Dust extinction, Metallicity, SFR, …

HSC Imaging andSWIMS Spectroscopy

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Environmental Effect on Galaxy Evolution

Z=1.5 cluster : Hayashi+11A851 @ Z=0.41 : Koyama+11

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Kodama et al: Kakenhi‐Kiban‐B (2012‐2015) 8 MBF : Precise (z~0.02) photo‐z 4 (?) NBFs : Targeted dual emission‐line

MBF/NBF Imaging Survey of Distant Clusters

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Exisiting High‐z Cluster Survey Newly discovered high‐z cluster by HSC Survey (~1000)

⇒MBF Imaging Survey : ⇒ NBF Imaging Survey (~50 clusters)⇒ Spectroscopic follow‐up

Large sample with various environment

Cluster/Group Environment Effect at z>1

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Target : 2014~???? Will be opened as a PI instrument 2x faster survey speed than MOIRCS Same FoV (7.2’ x 3.6’) Simultaneous 2‐band Imaging (e.g., J and Ks)

SWIMS on Subaru

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TAO 6.5m telescope at 5640m Good weather/seeing condition Wide wavelength coverage Capable of large survey

SWIMS : NIR spectrograph under development 9.6’ FoV Planning to go to Subaru First (7.2’x3.6’ FoV on Subaru)

Synergy with HSC/PSF Provides NIR follow‐up capablility 2nd Gen TAO NIR WFC? 

Summary