New Uses of Acoustic Tags in Fisheries Research

Acoustic Tag Symposia

American Fisheries Society Annual MeetingAnchorage, Alaska

September 11th, 2005

New Uses of Acoustic Tags in Fisheries Research

Acoustic Tag Symposia

American Fisheries Society Annual MeetingAnchorage, Alaska

September 11th, 2005

Types of Data

Census data from active

acoustic systems

1

Behavior data from acoustic tag

systems

Rocky Reach Dam Showing Tag Coverage Area

Acoustic Tags

Hydrophones and Acoustic Tags

Model 291 PortableAcoustic Tag Receiver

The tag needs to be very small.

Insert Copy Here

Timing of the Start of Each Transmission is Precisely Controlled by a Microprocessor within the Tag

Tag Pulse Rate(Period)

Duration of Tag Transmission PreciselyControlled by Microprocessor within Tag

Tag Pulse Width(or Pulse Length)

Acoustic Tags-What are they?

Circuit Board

Ceramic

Batteries

Acoustic Tag

SlowPulse Rate

Fast Pulse Rate

NarrowPulse Width

WidePulse Width

NarrowPulse Width

Wide Pulse Width

INCREASING TAG LIFE

Pulse Rate/Pulse Width

INCREASING TAG LIFE

1/3 Peak

2/3 Peak

1/3 Peak

2/3 Peak

TimeError

TimeError

Transmitted CW Pulse

Transmitted Encoded Pulse

DetectedCW

DetectedEncoded Pulse

Acoustic TagEncoding

Time BTime A

Time CTime D

X= 756.1

Y= 1709.5

Z= 86.4

( , , ) , ,

( , , ) , ,

( ) ( ) ( )

, ,

( ) ( ),

a a a x y z location of the tag

h h h x y z location of the i hydrophone

R dist from tag to i hydrophone

h a h a h a

t measured arrival time at i hydrophone

The values of a a a are such that

R R t t is a

i i ith

ith

i i i

ith

i j i ji ji j

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 12

2 22

3 32

1 2 3

1

4 2

determined

minimum

The Acoustic TagTracking System

Acoustic Tag System:Basic Operation (3D)

Data Processing in the Model 290 Acoustic Tag System

Range of Detection Depends on:

a. Background Noise

b. Tag Pulse Length (and Coding)

c. Directivity Index of Hydrophone

d. Gain and Threshold Settings of the Receiver

e. Tag Source Level

Detection Range of Hydrophones

• Deploy Enough Hydrophones to Detect Tags Throughout the Study Volume

• For Each “Cell” of Four Hydrophones, Ensure that All Hydrophones Do Not Lie in the Same Plane

• Ideal Geometry Has Equal Separation in X, Y, and Z Planes

Hydrophone Placement Geometry(Three Dimensional Tracking Studies)

Geometry Modeling

x

y

20 40 60 80 100 120

20

40

60

80

100

120

Error in the y-dimension

x

y

20 40 60 80 100 120

20

40

60

80

100

120

Error in the x-dimension

x

y

20 40 60 80 100 120

20

40

60

80

100

120

Error in the z-dimension

x

y

20 40 60 80 100 120

20

40

60

80

100

120

Overall error

x

y

50 100 150 200 250

10

20

30

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85

Predicted Positional Error (m)

1. 10, 10, 102. 100, 10, 103. 100, 100, 104. 10, 100, 10

5. 10, 10, 406. 100, 10, 407. 100, 100, 408. 10, 100, 40

Hydrophone Positions (m)

5 6

1 2

34

78

1. 10, 10, 102. 100, 10, 103. 100, 100, 104. 10, 100, 10

5. 10, 10, 406. 100, 10, 407. 100, 100, 408. 10, 100, 40

Hydrophone Positions (m)

System Calibration

Time (1 hour)

Tag

Perio

d (1150 m

sec)

Hydrophone

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Hydrophone Deployment

Hydrophone

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Basic Tracking

Passage of Six Fish

Wanapum Dam

Resulting 3D Tracks

Fish Passage Animation

1.6 Million Data Points(918 Individual Fish)

Density Plots

Binary Density

Vector Analysis and Streamtraces

Streamtraces at Wanapum

Resulting 3D Tracks180o

140o

120o

80o

40o

0o

180o

140o

120o

80o

40o

0o

Difference of Fish Heading from Water-Velocity Heading

Difference of Fish Heading from Water-Velocity Heading

Fish Behavior Pattern: Milling Fish

Fish Behavior Pattern: Milling Fish

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

10

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

10

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

10

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

10Turbine Units

Turbine Units

Turbine Units

Turbine Units

Bonneville DamBonneville Dam

Surface Collector

Rocky Reach Dam

Three Dimensional Fish Track

Fish and Flow

Streamtraces at Rocky Reach

Streamtraces at Rocky Reach

Rock Island Dam Showing Approximate Coverage Area

Species: Chinook Residence Time: 63 hr Type of Release: Morning Passage Route: Spill 1

Release Date: 4/26/01 Fish Length: 158 mm Release Time: 0758 Tag Code: 2586

Data Collected at Rock Island Dam,Powerhouse No. 1, during Spring of 2001

Top Down View

Side View

Hydrophones

Top Down View

Side View

Hydrophones

Top Down View

Hydrophones

Side View

Powerhouse No. 1Fish Path

Species: Chinook Forebay Residence Time: 2 h Swimming Pattern: Straight and Milling Passage Route: Spillgate 1

Release Date: 5/17/01 Fish Length: 185 mm Release Time: 1100 Tag Code: 2957

North Fork Dam

Fish Density Plot for North Fork Dam

Image courtesy of www.snapperfarm.com

Aquaculture Applications

Four Fish on a FAD

3-Dimensional Tracks at Mayfield Dam

Three Dimensional Tracks at Mayfield Dam

Thank YouThank You