WELCOME TO ALL OF YOU

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

AJAY KUMAR GURG ENGINEERING COLLEGE GHAZIABAD

COAL TO POWER

Presented by:- subhash kumar(1402721915) 4th year

INTRODUCTIONTHERMAL POWER PLANT OVERVIEWELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS AND CONCEPTSTURBINE SWITCH YARDSITE SELECTION FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

IN THIS PRESENTATION

• India is one of the world’s largest consumer of energy

• Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear.• Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.• Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW– Thermal = 95151.74MW– Nuclear = 4,120MW– Hydro = 36877.76MW– solar = 1324.41MW

• Annual power production – 680 billion KWH

INTRODUCTION

Break up of Power

• Thermal Power Plants – 75%• Hydro Electric Power Plants - 20%• Nuclear Power Plants - 4%• Solar power plants – 1%• Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW• 30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in

transmission and distribution

The state government decided in July 2014 to add another unit of 660 MW to the power plant. July 2015: The 660 MW unit will be constructed by Toshiba and will take four years to complete. 

Coal

Chemical Energy

Super Heated Steam

Pollutants

Thermal Energy

Turbine Torque

Heat Loss In Condenser

Kinetic Energy

Electrical Energy

Alternating current in Stator

Mech. Energy Loss

ASHHeat Loss

Elet. Energy Loss

SIMPLE STEPS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION:

Operations In Thermal Power Station

Step wise operations in a thermal power plant are as follows:-Coal is used as a fuel to boil the water.Water is boiled to form pressurized steam.Pressurized steam is the force that cause the turbine to rotate at a very high speed. Low pressure steam after pushing through the turbine ,it’s going into the condenser.Condenser – the place where the steam is condensed back it it’s liquid form .Then the process is repeated

Coal Storage

Coal Handling Plant

Ash Storage

Ash Handling Plant Boiler Super

Heater

Economizer

Air Pre-heater

Generator ExciterTurbine

Chimne

y

Cooling Tower

Make up Water

Air

Coal

Ash

COAL

ASH

STEAM

WATER

FLUE GASES

Boiler feed pump

CondenserCEP

Deaerator

ESP

Main parts of the plant are :

1. Coal handling Plant2. DM Plant3. Boiler 4. Super heater5. Air preheater and

Economizer6. Deaerator7. Turbine

8. Condenser9. Cooling towers10. Electrostatic precipitator11. Smoke stack(Chimney) 12. Generator 13. Transformers 14. Control room & Switchyard

COMPONENTS

Ground Hopper

V1 V2 V3C-1

SUSPENDED

MAGNET

VS-1 DRC

C-2

VS-2

I/CC-3

C-5

RSC

PRIMARY CRUSHER HOUSE

SECOND. CRUSHER HOUSE

COAL HANDLING PLANT

SM

BUNKER

CROSS WIRE

MAGNET

DOUBLE ROLL CHRUSHER

DM PLANT

•The main aim of the DM Plant is to de-mineralize the raw water coming from a water source (in this case PALDA river nearby) from any mineral presence by chemical dosing which may be harmful to the pipeline and boilers.

•Cooling tower also comes under DM Plant.

Cooling Tower

• The warm water is taken from the condenser tubes to about a quarter of the way up the cooling tower.

• This breaks the water up into a very fine spray, increasing the surface area of the water droplets making it easier to cool.

• The cooling tower is designed as a natural draught chimney, drawing cold air from outside through the falling water.

• Cool water is collected in pond at the bottom of the cooling tower.

• From here it is pumped back to the condensers .

• To produce steam boiler converts energy, in the form of coal, into steam

• The boiler is lined with steel tubing in which pure boiler feed water is turned to steam by the heat created from the burning of coal

This plant contains two types of boilers namely:

I. AFBC(Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion)

II. WHRB(Waste Heat Recovery Boiler)

Boiler

AFBC #1 =125TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²AFBC #2 =75 TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²WHRB #1=37TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²WHRB #2=37TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²WHRB#3=11.5TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²WHRB#4=11.5TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²

Boiler details :

TPH=TONNES PER HOUR

Waste Heat Recovery Boiler(WHRB):- In this type the products of combustion pass through the tubes which are surrounded by water.

Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion(AFBC):- In this type of boiler water flows inside the tubes and hot gases flow outside the tubes. These tubes are interconnected to common water channels and to steam outlet.

BOILERS:

•The AFBC boilers have many advantages over the WHRB boilers

•High evaporation capacity due to availability of large heating surface.

•Better heat transfer to the mass of water.•Better efficiency of plant owing to rapid and uniform circulation of water in tubes.•Better overall control.

This fan forces the atmospheric air through the boiler furnace and pushes out the hot gases from the furnace through superheater, reheater, economizer and air heater to stacks.

Forced Draught (FD) Fan Here a fan called ID fan is provided at the outlet of boiler, that is, just before the chimney. This fan sucks hot gases from the furnace through the superheaters, economizer, reheater and discharges gas into the chimney.

Induced Draught (ID) Fan BOILER AUXILLARY :

Primary air fans (PA) are high pressure fans used to supply the air for the transportation of coal directly to the furnace .

Primary air (PA) fan:-

ECONOMISER

Flue gases coming out of the boiler carries lot of heat.ECONOMISER extracts a part of heat from the flue gases and uses for heating the feed water.Thus improves efficiency of plant. Temp. inside ECONOMISER is about 315 deg c.

AIR PREHEATER

It is used to preheat the air before entering into furnace.

It is a heat exchanger in which some further heat is extracted from the flue gases and use to heat the coming air for combustion.

BOILER CIRCUIT WITH ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

GENERATOR this is the unit of the thermal power plant where the mechanical energy of the turbine is used to convert into the electrical energy . It uses the faradays law of electromagnetic induction for the production of the electricity. The alternator in the harduaganj plant generates the 11KV output which is supplied to the generating transformer

EXCITER GEAR BOXALTENATOR

PMG

TURBINE

AVR

3 Ø SUPPLY TO LOAD

INLET TEMP = 484 ±5°CINLET PRS = 62-65KG/cm²SPEED= 7000 RPM

TURBINE GENERATOR SET

STEAM

coupling

Main Components of Typical TG SET consists of:1. Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG)2. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)3. BRUSHLESS EXCITER4. GEAR BOX5. ALTERNATER6. TURBINE

PM

G

3Ø supply to load

AVR

ɜ ɜ3 Ø AC

ɜ

ɜ+

-

RECTIFIERDC SUPPLY

DC SUPPLY

STATOR=MAGNETIC FIELDROTOR= EMF STEAM

BRUSHLESS EXCITER

ALTERNATOR

TURBINEROTOR= FIELDSTATOR =EMF

WORKING OF TUBINE GENERATOR

stator= PM

Field exciter switch

05/03/2023

11KV/132 KV

s GENERATOR

DISTRIBUTION

11KV/415V

TRANSFORMER

11 KV

KHURJA MAINPURI ATARAULI SASNI JANGIRABAD

UTILIZATION

HOUSE

INDUSTRIES

MALLS / SHOPS

11 KV

132KV/ 11KV

TRANSFORMER

11 KV

Circulating Water Pumps • The circulating water pumps are

used to circulate the water from the cooling tower to the condenser and back again

Boiler Feed Pump • The boiler feed pump pumps water

into the boiler, overcoming the boiler pressure of 160 bar to achieve it

• The pump is driven by a steam turbine or an electric motor

• It runs at 7,000 revolutions per minute

SUPER HEATER

Super heater is used to remove the moisture content from the steam.

Super heater raises the temperature of steam above 540 degree C.

Advantages of super heater 1. Increases efficiency 2. Reduces corrosion of turbine blades.

Low Pressure Feed Heaters • Feed water from the condensate

extraction pumps passes through low pressure feed heaters. Steam is used to heat the feed water

• After the last feed heater, the feed water is at around 160°C.

High Pressure Feed Heaters • With a similar purpose to the low

pressure feed heaters, the high pressure feed heaters are the last stage of feed water heating before the feed water enters the boiler system at the economizer

• Feed water leaving these heaters is at 250°C

Condenser • With its useful energy spent in the

turbines the steam then passes to condensers

• Here it is condensed back into water and pumped back to the boiler

• This happens via a series of low pressure and high pressure feed heaters

Condensate Extraction Pump • The condensate water is drawn from

the condenser by the extraction pump and sent to the low pressure feed heaters

Deaerator • A deaerator is a device that is

widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam- generating boiler.

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132 KV SWITCHYARD

Electrical switchyards are usually part of a substation where electricity is transformed from one voltage to another for the transmission, distribution

MAIN COMPONENTS OF SWITCHYARD

1.TRANSFORMER2.CURRENT TRANSFORMER3.POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER4.CIRCUIT BREAKER5.ISOLATOR6.INSULATOR7.LIGHTNING ARRESTOR8.BUS BAR

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TRANSFORMERTransformer is the most convenient device for transfer of power from one voltage to another voltage at the same frequency. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Transformers are of two types:STEP-UP TRANSFORMER – Step-up the voltage at secondary side called step up transformer.STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER – Step-down the voltage at secondary side are called step-down transformer.

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CT is a type of instrument transformer that is used in power system for measurement, detection, protection of the system.

It is a device used to measure large current by scaling large primary current to a smaller , easy to measure, secondary current.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

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LIGHTNING ARRESTERA lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning

USES OF LIGHTNING ARRESTER

It protect the equipment from lightning stroke.Lightning arrester is used to provide path to unwanted excessive currents.

• Fuel used is cheaper• Smaller space is required compared to hydro power plant• Economical in initial cost compared to hydro plants and

running costs are less compared to gas plants or diesel plants

• Thermal plants can be placed near load centers unlike hydro and nuclear plants. Hence transmission of power losses can be minimized

• Thermal plants are able to respond to the load demand more effectively and supports the performance of the electrical grid

ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER PLANT

SITE SELECTION

• Transportation network: Easy and enough access to transportation network is required in both power plant construction and operation periods.

• Geology and soil type: The power plant should be built in an area with soil and rock layers that could stand the weight and vibrations of the power plant.

• Topography: It is proved that high elevation has a negative effect on production efficiency of gas turbines. In addition, changing of a sloping area into a flat site for the construction of the power plant needs extra budget. Therefore, the parameters of elevation and slope should be considered.

• Water resources: For the construction and operating of power plant different volumes of water are required. This could be supplied from either rivers or underground water resources. Therefore having enough water supplies in defined vicinity can be a factor in the selection of the site.

•Population centers: For the same reasons as above, the site should have an enough distance from population centers.

• Area size: Before any other consideration, the minimum area size required for the construction of power plant should be defined.

THANK YOU ALL

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