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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0yDoNAVfuc
http://vimeo.com/35754924
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LEARNING The process of acquiring new and relatively
enduring information or behaviors **associationo Feed habitual behaviors
Habitutation- an organism’s decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to ito Learning vs sensory adaptation
o Classical & operanto Cognitive learning: acquisition of mental information,
whether by observing events, by watching others, or by language
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Classical Conditioning
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Phobias Irrational fears of specific objects or situations Heights, dogs, cats, bugs, snakes, professors,
elevators, tunnels, doctors, strangers, thunderstorms, and germs
How do we acquire these? Probably Classical Conditioning!
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Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist Nobel-Prize winning research on digestion! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI
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Terminology Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Conditioned Response (CR) Conditioned Stimulus
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Neutral Stimulus Does not originally
produce a response
Pavolv’s bell tone
They preserved Pavlov’s dogs …. #truestory #nobelprize #science #kindaweird
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Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning (natural, unlearned association)
Meat powder!
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Unconditioned Response
An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning
Drooling at the meat powder!
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Conditioned Stimulus Previously neutral stimulus that has, through
conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response
Bell tone!
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Conditioned Response Learned reaction to a conditioned response that
occurs because of previous conditioning
Drooling at the bell tone!
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This became known as a conditioned reflexo Reflex because they are said to be elicited or drawn
forth because most of them are relatively automatic and involuntary
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Trials Any presentation of a stimulus or pair of stimuli How many trials are needed to condition? It
varies (no surprise there)
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Classical Conditioning Procedure Summary
First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist
Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex
Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo7jcI8fAuI
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Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life
Conditioned Fearso Bridgeso Dentists’ drills
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11/11/14 Classical Conditioning continued Meditation
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Other Conditioned Emotional Responses
Pleasure- cigarettes and Beeman’s gum Product Association
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Conditioning and Physiological Responses Immune functioning
o Immunosuppression/antibodies
o Sexual Arousal (quails)
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Acquisition Acquisition: the initial stage of learning something
o Based on stimulus contiguity (occurrence of stimuli in time and space)
o Stimuli that are novel, unusual or especially intense have more potential to become CS’s than routine stimuli-they stand out
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Extinction Extinction: the gradual weakening and
disappearance of a conditioned response tendency
Conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
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Spontaneous Recovery Reappearance of an extinguished response after
a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus
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Stimulus Discrimination
Occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus that does not respond in the same way to a new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
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Stimulus Generalization
Occurs when an organism that has learned a specific response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
Baby Albert https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE
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Higher-Order Conditioning
Conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI Pavlov
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io&spfreload=10 Difference Between Classical and Operant Conditioning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt4N9GSBoMI Big Bang