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Ethanol1. The type of alcohol found

in alcoholic beverages2. Can be made

synthetically 3. Produced by

fermentation

Fermentation•The chemical action of yeast on a sugar source

AlcoholIt is classified as a Depressant and slows down the CNS

Intoxication

A. The physical and mental impairment resulting from the use of alcohol

B. The effects can range from poor motor skills to death

Negative Impact on Teens school work athletic performance friendships family relationships career goals unplanned

pregnancies Dating violence

STD’s Rape Suicide Homicide

One-half of all teens die every year as a result of alcohol or other drug use

Why Do people drink?ExcitementFriends (peer pressure)Boredom The feeling of getting by with something

Fit inDepression

What contributes to short term effects?Amount of Alcohol consumed (the amount of alcohol in each drink)Size (Body Weight)Stomach (have you eaten)Gender (male or female)

Effects on the BrainAlcohol reaches the brain almost immediately even if the effects are not obvious.These effects include:Dulled memoryLoss of motor co-ordinationAdversely effects decision making skills

Circulatory System Effects

•Blood carries alcohol to all parts of the body including the heart, liver, and brain.

•Alcohol causes the blood vessels to dilate

•Results in increased blood flow especially to the skin

Makes the skin feel flush and warm

The increased blood flow causes a false warmth and the body looses heat by radiation

•Body temperature actually decreases

•Higher risk of Hypothermia•Increase in heart rate and blood pressure

•Lead to arrhythmias (abnormal heart beats)

•Cause scar tissue to build up in muscle fiber of the heart

•Risk of heart attack and stroke are increased

Kidneys

Causes an increase in urine productionCauses a person to feel dehydrated the day after drinking

Effect on the Stomach

• Immediately absorbed from the stomach into the blood

• Increases the risk of stomach cancer

•Food will not keep a person from getting drunk

•Food in stomach slows the absorption into the bloodstream

Liver•Second largest organ (skin is the first)

Acts to clear the blood of drugs and poisonous substances

Absorbs the substances and makes them water soluble

Liver

•Excretes toxins as bile• Bile is a yellowish green, bitter fluid important in the break down fats.

Effect on the Liver

Oxidizes alcohol ◦changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy◦Can only oxidize 1 oz of alcohol an hour

No way to speed up the process

Alcohol keeps circulating in the body until it has been completely oxidized

Myths & Facts

•Myth•a cold shower or black coffee can speed up the process of alcohol

FactFactNothing speeds up the process of oxidation

Chronic Liver Problems

Interferes with the liver’s ability to break down fats which results in a condition known as Fatty Liver

Chronic Liver Problems

Cirrhosis of the liver◦A condition in which liver tissue is destroyed and then replaced with scar tissue which reduces blood flow that impedes liver function

HepatitisAn inflammation or infection of the liver

Symptoms include:1.weakness 2.jaundice3.fever 4.can result in death

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• a condition in which a fetus is adversely affected by the mother’s alcohol consumption

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Babies May Exhibit

Low Birth Weights

Impaired Speech

Cleft palates

Poor coordination

Heart defectsGeneral weakness

•Slow body growth•Facial Abnormalities•Poor attention span•Hyperactivity

•Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is preventable

•does not occur in non drinking mothers

Tolerance and Dependence

Tolerance to a drug begins with regular use and causes the person to need more of the drug to achieve the same feeling.

Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

•Binge Drinking•Periodic excessive drinking•Popular among high school and college students

Alcohol poisoning◦Dangerous toxic condition that occurs when a person drinks a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time. ◦Usually four times the legal limit

Alcohol + other drugs =

•mental and physical impairment

•accidental deaths **This includes OTC or Rx drugs

Alcoholism

A physical and psychological dependence on the drug ethanol

Many alcoholics appear clean orderly and well groomed

Traits of the Alcoholic

•Alcoholics are unable to stop drinking despite the toll it takes on their health and their lives

•People with alcoholism may exhibit one of or a combination of these behaviors or traits

Stages of Alcoholism

•Three stages of alcoholism1.Abuse2.Dependence3.Addiction

Abuse (Stage One)

•Typically begins with social drinking, or trying to relax, relieve stress, or depression

A physical or psychological dependence on alcohol begins to develop

The person begins to drink regularly

Stage 1 (cont)

•Short term memory loss•Black outs•Begin to make excuses for their drinking

Dependence (Stage Two)

• Gradually the person reaches the point where they cannot stop drinking

• Physical dependence becomes evident

Addiction (Stage Three)

This is the final and worst stage of the disease

Performance drops at work/school and frequent absences occur.

• Drink alone• Drink everyday to satisfy

craving• Makes excuses for drinking• Blame others• Defensive behavior• Denial

•Isolate themselves from family and friends

•Aggressive behavior becomes more evident and more violent

Malnutrition usually occursThe person becomes mentally,

physically, emotionally, and socially drained.

Delirium Tremens or DT’s begin (when the drug is removed)

May develop a decreased or “reversed tolerance”◦Takes less alcohol to produce the drunken state◦Delirium Tremens or DT’s begin (when the drug is removed)

1. Cold/Hot Flashes2. Severe tremors3. nightmares4. Hallucinations5. Fear of people and animals6. NEED MEDICAL TREATMENT

Symptoms of DT’s

Long Term Effects of DrinkingVitamin deficienciesStomach and skin irregularities

Brain damage such as memory loss, problem solving ability

Treatment of Alcoholism

•Can not be cured but can be treated

•Approximately 2/3 of alcoholics recover

• Treatment is ongoing

Advertising & Alcohol

Portrayal of alcohol in advertisements◦Ads try to keep product name prominent so people are influenced when making a decision

Effects of Advertising

The hidden message in adds are that alcohol is needed to be successful, romantic, problem-free relationships, working situations, and recreational opportunities