http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuSEXMn5VME

Warm up: Fill in the blanks

__ __e __o__o__ __e__.

__e__ i __ a __o__u__a__ __o__o__ i__ __u__a__ __u__ __u__e. I__

__a__ __ __ __ __o__i__e __o__e, __o__e__, __a__ __e__, __o__a__ __ __, o__

a__ e__e__ __e__ __ __. I__ i__ a __o__o__ __o__ __ __ __i__ __ __a__ a__

__ __a__e__ __i__e‘__ __a__. I__ __a__ __e a “__e__ __e__ __e__ __a__”

o__ __ou __a__ “__e i__ __ __e __e__.” __ __ea__i__ __ __e__ __a__

__oo__ __ __ou__ __o__ __i__e__ __e.

Warm up: Fill in the blanks

__ __e __o__o__ __e__.

__e__ i __ a __o__u__a__ __o__o__ i__ __u__a__ __u__ __u__e. I__

__a__ __ __ __ __o__i__e __o__e, __o__e__, __a__ __e__, __o__a__ __ __, o__

a__ e__e__ __e__ __ __. I__ i__ a __o__o__ __o__ __ __ __i__ __ __a__ a__

__ __a__e__ __i__e‘__ __a__. I__ __a__ __e a “__e__ __e__ __e__ __a__”

o__ __ou __a__ “__e i__ __ __e __e__.” __ __ea__i__ __ __e__ __a__

__oo__ __ __ou__ __o__ __i__e__ __e.

Language:Language: how we combine spoken\written words as we think and

communicate

Language: StructureLanguage: Structure

Language: StructureLanguage: Structure

PhonemesPhonemes

MorphemesMorphemes

smallest distinctive sound unit in language

ex: ch (chug) vs th (thug)

smallest unit of language that carries meaning

ex: prefixes (pre-) or suffixes (-ed)

Example:how many phonemes and morphemes are in the word “cats”

Phonemes: Morphemes:

Example:how many phonemes and morphemes are in the word “cats”

Phonemes: Morphemes:4: C, A, T, S

2: CAT, S

GrammarGrammar

Semantics

ex:

Semantics

ex:

Syntax

ex:

Syntax

ex:

system of rules that allows us to understand one another

rules to derive meaning from morphemes, words,

sentencesadding -ed to laugh means that it happened in the past

rules we use to order words into sentences

(lang. dependent) adjectives before nouns: White House

instead of Casa Blanca

Context is important.

The spy sees the police officer with the ______________

The spy sees the police officer with the _______________

The spy sees the police officer with the ______________

The spy sees the police officer with the _______________

gun

binoculars

Language: DevelopmentLanguage: Development

Language: DevelopmentLanguage: Development

Stage 1: BabblingStage 1: Babbling 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

4 months4 months

10 months10 months

Babbling: random noises of all languages - can hear differences between noises

babbling shifts towards native language - only uses sounds that baby hears

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQ64R0KKssc

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

11Stage 2: One wordStage 2: One word

12 months12 months

18 months18 months

Over ExtensionOver Extension Under ExtensionUnder Extension

Whole Object ConstraintWhole Object Constraint

first word - one word means a sentence

word concept is too broad“dog” = all dogs in the world

word concept is too narrow“dog” = only my dog, and no other

word explosion - 20 per week

assumption that word applies to entire object, rather than quality or part (pencil

example)

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

19Stage 3: Two Word (telegraphic)Stage 3: Two Word (telegraphic)

24 months24 months

follows rules of syntax… ish

Twin Languages

•Cryptophasia or idioglossia = “secret twin language”

•Considering how much time twins spend together, how do you think this happens?

Language: Acquisition TheoriesLanguage: Acquisition Theories

Skinner

Operant Learning

association:

Imitation:

reinforcement:

Skinner

Operant Learning

association:

Imitation:

reinforcement:

Chomsky

Inborn Universal Grammar

language acquisition device:

Universal grammar:

Chomsky

Inborn Universal Grammar

language acquisition device:

Universal grammar:

Language: Acquisition TheoriesLanguage: Acquisition Theories

language development is all about simple learning

principles

sights of things = sounds of words

your word use = word use of others

smiles and hugs = use those words again!

Given adequate nurture, language develops naturally

our brain is designed to acquire language

all languages have same building blocks

Statistical Learning and Critical Periods

Critical Periods:

Statistical Learning and Critical Periods

Critical Periods:

Language: Acquisition TheoriesLanguage: Acquisition Theories

childhood is designed to master language

age 7 - lose ability to master ANY language

age 3 - deadline to start learning language without penalty

age 9 - learning second language will have accent

Language and ThinkingLanguage and Thinking

Language and ThinkingLanguage and Thinking

Whorf’s Linguistic Determinism HypothesisWhorf’s Linguistic Determinism Hypothesis

Criticism of Whorf: Immersion Programs

• our words may not determine what we think, rather influence

•Bilingualism

Criticism of Whorf: Immersion Programs

• our words may not determine what we think, rather influence

•Bilingualism

VisualizationVisualization

language imposes different conceptions of reality (determines thinking)

•Thinking in images

•Nondeclarative/procedural memory

•Shows much of information processed occurs outside of consciousness (only occasionally surfaces as conscious words)