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The way in which an author reveals characters, events and ideas in telling a story; the vantage point from which the story is told.

J.D. Salinger established a first-person point of view in which the main character, Holden, tells his story. This makes the story very limited of other character’s opinions of what really happened, creating a bias in which the reader perceives everything as Holden does. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_bVj24KwlAdo/SqKGAz1TaMI/AAAAAAAAASk/WChtrA8sEn8/s400/camera_lens.jpg&imgrefurl=http://youngglobalpinoys.blogspot.com/2009/09/making-growth-work-for-poor-world-bank.html&usg=__ASQKphLWu7AXS4J3BxmHGDKyRYg=&h=351&w=360&sz=20&hl=en&start=24&zoom=1&tbnid=vjpBG0jW6PVeAM:&tbnh=145&tbnw=149&ei=sEHQTb7xIYS90AGWuZjgDQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcamera%2Blens%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1276%26bih%3D937%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch0%2C721&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=127&vpy=197&dur=155&hovh=222&hovw=227&tx=110&ty=175&page=2&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:24&biw=1276&bih=937

-EXAMPLE• “I’m not going to tell you my whole goddam

autobiography or anything. I’ll just tell you about this madman stuff…” (Salinger 1).

In this quote, Salinger is showing that Holden is choosing to withhold

information. He is only going to tell the story the way he

wants to tell it. Thus creating limited point of view

throughout the whole story.

A device in literature where an object

represents an idea.Salinger uses many

symbols throughout the text. The most

prominent of the symbols is the red

hunting hat that Holden purchased on his trip to

New York with the fencing team.

Holden’s hat acted as a security blanket for

him. He wore the hat during times of

loneliness or in time of need.

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-Example

• “My hunting hat gave me a lot of protection in a way…” (Salinger 212-213).

In this quote, Salinger is showing Holden’s need for comfort. The hat brought him this type of protection in his times of need. Holden wore his hat when he felt uncomfortable,

awkward, or upset. For instance, he wore his hat after his fight with Stradlater and when he realized that things in life change.

• The use of a word of phrase to mean the exact opposite of its

literal or usual meaning.

In The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger uses more verbal irony than any other type. Holden Caulfield is a very

sarcastic character as well as hypocritical. His actions and

words contradict exactly what he speaks, implies, and feels.

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-Example

• “You’re a very good conversationalist you know that?” (Salinger 72).

This quote takes place in the lavender room, at the Edmont Hotel. Holden is attempting to hold a conversation with a blonde woman he met at “the club”. He is extremely interested in her and tries talking to her the whole time they are dancing. However she is not listening

to him; she is more interested in looking for movie stars and celebrities. When he tells her that she is a good conversationalist,

he is really being sarcastic.

• The attitude of the author toward the

audience and characters.

Salinger uses a variety of tones to enhance the reader’s view of

Holden’s instability. One minute, Holden

is happy and horsing around, and in the next, he is solemn and

sad.

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-Example• “What I really felt, though, was committing

suicide. I felt like jumping out the window.” (Salinger 104).

In this quote, Holden had just finished cleaning his wounds from

the physical confrontation with Maurice. He tries to go to sleep, but

he can’t stop thinking about everything. In this moment of the story, the tone is very depressed,

which correlates with Holden’s feelings.