http://www.olstars.com/images/flags/Big/ly.gif

As seen, Libya is not a (1) landlocked state, because one of its borders is the Mediterranean Sea

http://www.amanij.com/images/LIBYA-W1.gif

1911 - Italy invaded coastal regions and during the era of (2) imperialism imperialized Libya

1920-30 -  Britain and France claimed and established military administrations in the north.

1951 - UN clears Libya as an independent country

1963 - Central government established to rule the various provinces

Muhammed Idris al Mahdi, previous leader of resistance, takes control under new government

(Perkins 2008)

1969 - Revolutionary Command Council overthrew King Idris and Colonel Muammar Qaddafi seizes power.

Previous oil discoveries fuel economy but lead to domination of wealthy elite

January 25 – Egypt erupts in rioting February 11 – Mubarak resigns under large

pressure

(Perkins 2008)

(Sahimi 2011)

February 15 (2011) – Libyan demonstrations begin, call for democratic elections and new leader

Qaddafi responds with censorship, blocking of communications, and force.

Qaddafi offers negotiations but rebel leaders want unconditional resignation of Qaddafi.

(Sahimi 2011)

http://www.tdbimg.com/files/2010/11/29/img-mg---wikileaks-gossip---gaddafi-botox_202937829260.jpg

Western Rebels quickly begin to combat Qaddafi loyalists in attempt to take control.

Late February – United Nations Security Council limits travel for Qaddafi and loyalists.

March 8 – UNSC enforces embargo on all air trade regarding Libya

Resolution of 1973 – United States, France, and Britain bomb Libyan aerial armaments and maintain no-fly zone.

March 25 – NATO takes control of no-fly zone.

(Sahimi 2011)

Libya is currently caught in a (3)political conflict; that being one of issues of governance and leaders.

While there is no clear cut (4)ethnic conflict, (5)religious conflict may be at play› Libya is overwhelmingly Muslim (97%) and

Qaddafi has continually sought to expand Christian influence in Africa.

(Sahimi 2011)

Qaddafi’s impact:› (6)Centripedal – majority unified against

the Qaddafi regime› (7)Centrifugal – civilians divided amongst

loyalists and rebels Oil debate

› Many argue that the oil has lead to economic prosperity for them as a whole, however the powerful majority remain the only group to truly benefit from this resource. (Sahimi 2011)

Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi is of questionable sanity: In a recent interview “with Christiane Amanpour on This Week, [Senator John] McCain called Qaddafi ‘insane’” (1).

Benjamin Barber, someone who worked closely with the Qaddafi Foundation has predicted “a prolonged conflict in which Qaddafi will ‘fight to the death’”(1).

Rebels in Libya have recently been criticizing NATO forces of “tardiness and indecision” in helping them overthrow Qaddafi (2).

Qaddafi has continued attacking rebel forces as recently as April 9th, 2011 (2).

As of April 4th, 2011, only 3 countries have recognized the rebel forces in Libya (2).

Qaddafi’s son, Seif al-Islam, wants to start anew with a constitutional democracy, but keep his father as a figurehead, “like the Queen of England” (2).

1. (Jerome 2011) 2. (“Libya – Protests,” 2011)

NATO forces are currently trying to help the rebels push Qaddafi out of power (2).

The United States have attempted to bomb Qaddafi into submission (2).

Qaddafi reportedly accepted a cease fire proposed by the leaders of the African Union (2).

The United States are considering imposing a no-fly zone upon Libya (1).

Rebels continue to attempt to push Qaddafi out of power themselves (2).

1. (Jerome 2011) 2. (“Libya – Protests,” 2011)

One impact that Libya has on the world is that it has put the world on a standstill› Many countries/people are wondering if the

world should have taken the lead on [the situation in Libya] or have they just missed their chance.

Attwood, 2011http://www.lankajournal.com/2011/03/current-military-strength-of-libya/

Another global impact of Libya and the world is the price of oil› It shouldn’t be too big of a deal, b/c “Libya

accounts for roughly 2% of global oil production and 3% of global oil exports”

Right now the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has above average levels of oil w/ 58 days of oil available(Fidelity's Market Analysis, Research and Education Group, 2011)

• However, the US and other countries will still be affected– Since Egypt’s “Day of Rage” on Jan. 25, 2011, the per-barrel

price of U.S. crude oil has risen to almost $98, from $85, while European crude oil prices spiked above $110, from $96 (1)

• The larger problem is if more oil-rich countries have riots (Saudi Arabia/Iran)

• The two of them have 20% of the world’s oil supply• Libya is running out of cash

– Will try to sell oil to make up for deficits– On April 5, 2011, a tanker chartered by Vitol, the world’s

largest oil trader, landed in Libya to collect 1 million barrels of oil which is worth around $126 million. (2)

(1)- (Fidelity's Market Analysis, Research and Education Group, 2011)(2)- (England, 2011)

• Another global impact of Libya is that it gives former foreign Minister Moussa Koussa, who escaped Libya and entered England on March 30, 2011, a chance to talk to Scottish prosecutors about the Lockerbie bombing– First time someone might publically admit

that Muammar al-Qaddafi ordered the Lockerbie bombing of 1988 that killed 270 people on Pan Am Flight 103

(Carrell, 2011)

http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/201103/r743307_6101438.jpg

The situation in Libya has a profound impact on other countries in the region and affect the political stability of the whole Middle East

Libya could become the first Middle Eastern country to go under a regime change

(Stratfor, 2011)

One situation could result in a chance for more peace in the Middle East

Another result could be a massive civil war in Libya

(Stratfor, 2011)http://img.ibtimes.com/www/data/images/full/2011/02/21/67270-a-libyan-protester-uses-a-shoe-to-hit-a-crossed-out-picture-of-libyan-.jpg

The largest impact of the situation in Libya, is that it could have a profound impact on the unrest brewing in other (8) nation states of the region, such as Yemen, Bahrain, Morocco, Jordan and Syria› Could put them on the path toward

democracy (Stratfor,

2011)

Attwood, C. (2011, March 22). Should foreign forces have intervened in Libya? Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/africahaveyoursay/2011/03/should-foreign-forces-have-int.shtml

Carrell, S., & McGreal, C. (2011, March 31). Lockerbie bombing prosecutors target Libyan defector Moussa

Koussa.Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/31/lockerbie-bombing-prosecutors-moussa-koussa

Danin, R. (2011, February 22). Libya’s Leadership Crossroads. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from Coucil on

ForeignRelationswebsite: http://www.cfr.org/libya/libyas-leadership-crossroads/p24173

England, A. (2011, April 5). Rebel-held Libya ‘running out of cash’. Retrieved from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/776e3732-5fc4-11e0-a718-00144feab49a.html#axzz1J9Wj6nwM

Fidelity’s Market Analysis, Research and Education Group. (2011, March 2). Economic Impact of Libya; Oil. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from

https://guidance.fidelity.com/viewpoints/libya-impacton-oil

Jerome, D. (2011, March 7). Mounting Debate over Libya Options. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from

Council on Foreign Relations website: http://www.cfr.org/libya/mounting-debate-over-libya-options/p24306

Libya - Protests and Revolts (2011). (2011, March 4). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/libya/index.html

Perkins, K. J. (n.d.). Libya. In World Book (Vol. 12, pp. 267-268). 2008: Scott Fetzer Company. (Original work published 1950)

SAHIMI, M. (2011, March 31). The Attacks on Libya: Lessons for Iranians . Retrieved March 31,

2011, from Frontline website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2011/03/opinion-the-attacks-on-libya-lessons-for-iranians.html

Stratfor. (2011, February 22). Analyses: the Nature of Libyan Unrest and Its Regional Impact . Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http://asmarino.com/news- analysis/927-analyese-the-nature-of-libyan-unrest-and-its-regional-impact-