http:// relative importance --------------- area of impact what happened! the new role: the widening...
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Relative
importance
---------------
Area of
impact
What happened!
The New Role: The Widening Scope of Information Systems
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– Storage and retrieval of data – Distribution of digital content– Enabling and enforcing standardization of
process● Automation (most effectively of tedious tasks
or those too complex to be done reliably by humans)
Computers (and computer systems) are great at four things :
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How did 4 things computers do well enable this? (e.g. what was possible before computers & what limits do they overcome to allow innovation?)
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So, what exactly is an Information System?
– A set of interrelated components that ● Collect data● Manipulate data● Disseminate data & information ● Provide feedback to meet an objective.
– Examples: ATMs; airline reservation systems; course reservation systems
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The three activities in an information system
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
(Feedback enables modification of input stage)
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What are Information Systems?
A combination of technical components - Built and used by people to collect, create, and distribute useful data - Used typically in organizational settings but are evolving for personal
use
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Information Systems Components: Data
InformationSystems
HardwareTelecommuni
cations
PeopleData
Software
• The raw inputs for entry into information systems• Organized, processed and stored by an IS to support user
information needs• Provides basis for qualitative/quantitative analysis
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Information Systems Components: Hardware
InformationSystems
HardwareTelecommuni
cations
PeopleData
Software
• The physical components of information systems• Hardware components include processors, input and output
devices, and storage devices (Pentium 4)• Typical configurations based on application include micro, mid-
range, mainframe, and super computers
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Information Systems Components: Telecommunications
InformationSystems
HardwareTelecommuni
cations
PeopleData
Software
• The communication mechanism of information systems
• Allows two or more computers to communicate (Internet)
• Utilizes standard protocols for IS communication
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Information Systems Components: Software
InformationSystems
HardwareTelecommuni
cations
PeopleData
Software
• The instructions that operate the information system• System software controls the hardware (WindowsXP) • Application software allows user tasks to perform specific tasks
to increased productivity (MS Word)
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Data vs. Information
● Data: Raw facts– Example: Name, last name, courses
registered● Information: Collection of facts organized in such a
way that they have value beyond the facts themselves– Example: Number of people that register for
a course is more than a the course quota.
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The Process of Transforming Data into Information
• Easy to come up with arbitrary transformations (easy to generate information)
• Difficult to come up with a useful transformation (difficult to generate valuable information)
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1200100
West Vijay
79154 TM Shoes
Monthly Sales Report for West Region
Sales Rep: Vijay Emp No. 79154Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 Rs.1000
Data Versus Information
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– Finally: Definition of CBIS’ and what they do:– CBIS’s are formal systems
• Fixed definitions of data, procedures• Collecting, storing, processing, disseminating, using
data– But they are indeed also computerized…so they
take advantage of the 4 things computers do well– Are technology-enabled organizational and
management solutions to challenges posed by the environment.
– Automated support for input, processing, and output of business processes.
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Components of a CBIS
– Hardware - computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities.
– Software - computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.
– Database - an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.
– People - the most important element in most computer-based information systems.
– Procedures - include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS.
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– Telecommunications - the electronic transmission of signals for communications.
– Networks - used to connect computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.
– Internet - the world’s largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks
Telecommunications, Network, and the Internet