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TRANSCRIPT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0okytU6LpEc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md-q5GRo9E0
THE COLD WAR
CONTINUED
Objective…
•Trace the continuing events & policies of the Cold War through the Eisenhower Administration.
The long term struggle with the
Soviets may produce a “garrison state”…
34) DDE’s concerns…
The “New Look”…
• Sec. of Defense Wilson coins the phrase ”more bang for the buck”…
35) The “New Look”…• Reduce military expenses• Nuclear weapons are
cheaper than conventional forces
• Pursue high- tech nuclear weapons to
• “Massive retaliation”…
Sec. of StateJohn
Foster Dulles
Sec. of StateJ. F. Dulles
36) Identify J.F. Dulles… Describe his position on communism & his role in
the “new look”.
Sec. of State J.F. Dulles
• Dominant in US foreign policy during the 50s
• Denounces “Containment”
• “Rollback”…
• “Massive retaliation”…
• “Brinksmanship”…
The “New Look”
• The “new look” successfully reduced military spending...
1952 196066%............... 49% of budget
37) How did DDE feel about the “new
look”?...
38) How did DDE handle the crises in E.
Berlin & Hungary?
Leader of the USSR
1958–1964
Nikita
Khrushchev
39) How did the ascension to power
of Nikita Khrushchev affect U.S.-Soviet
relations?
40) What incident ended the thawing of the Cold War?...
The U-2 Incident
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCoXJ_bDGTM
U-2 Spy Plane
The U-2 Incident May 1 ,1960
The U-2 Wreckage
Map indicating the flight path…
The Soviets
recoveredthe
parachute &
cameras
U-2 wreckage on displayed in Moscow
Lt. Powers was found guilty & spent 21 months in a Soviet
prison. He was released as part of a prisoner exchange.
The Results of the U-2 Incident….
Sputnik - Oct. 4, 1957 • The first artificial satellite
• Size of a basketball…183 lbs
• 98 minute orbit
• The start of the space race
• The USA fears the Soviet ability to launch nuclear missiles.
The Sputnik Launch
Oct. 4, 1957
Oct. 1957 - Eisenhower playing golf while Sputnik races overhead…
October 1957, Washington
Post - Khrushchev
celebrating the apparent Sputnik
victory…
41) The National Defense Education
Act of 1958…
•NASA is formed
An appeal to not spare the rod when it comes to catching up with the Soviets.
Covert Action
Covert Action
42) Why did Eisenhower believe the CIA was a
practical way of resolving international
political problems?
Covert Action
43) How did the U.S. & the USSR compete for influence in the
third world?
Intervening Around
the World
Intervening around the World
44) What actions did the U.S. take in Iran to insure a friendly government?...
What was the outcome?...
1953 - Iran • Iran nationalizes British oil
companies
• CIA overthrows the Iranian government
• The Shah is put in power & renegotiates oil contracts favorable to US
1955The Formosa Resolution• Congress approves military
force to prevent the PR of China from taking Formosa
• The PRC stops efforts to take Formosa
Intervening around the World
46) Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal?...
- French, British & Israeli response...
- U.S. respond...
1956 The Suez Crisis
• 1875- GB controls the SC
• 1956- Egypt nationalizes the SC
• 1956 - GB, FR & IS invade Egypt
• US/ DDE condemns the action at the UN…Halts the crisis
The Suez Canal
1956 The Eisenhower Doctrine
• US fears Soviet influence in the Mid-E… (OIL, OIL,OIL!)
• The US will support Mid-E. countries threatened by communism
• 1958 – US thwarts Soviet take over in Lebanon
Intervening around the World
47) Why did DDE oppose the Guzman administration in Guatemala? What actions
did the U.S. take there? Why type of government
was established in Guatemala?…
The foundations of the Vietnam
conflict…#49
First Indo-China War (1946-54)
The Viet Minh (Communists) are
fighting against French colonialism in Indo-
China.
The Vietnam dilemma…
• HST had committed the US to defend freedom
• DDE feared “another Asian war”…
• The French request direct U.S. involvement
DDE responds…
• DDE sends aid, military advisors & the CIA
• 1950-54 - US finances 75% of the French effort
Dien Bien Phu• Last battle between the
French & the Viet Minh
• Human wave attacks
• French: 2,200 Dead/ Wounded
17,800 prisoners
• Viet Minh: 23,000 Dead
Dien Bien Phu
The results of Dien Bien Phu…
• Expelled France from Vietnam
• The 1954 Geneva Conference
–Divides Vietnam: 17th parallel
–NV - Viet Minh - Ho Chi Minh
–SV - Rep. of Vietnam - Ngo Dinh Diem
1954 – S.E.A.T.O…
• US backed anti-communist alliance in Asia
• Members: US, Britain, France, Australia New Zealand Thailand, Philippines & Pakistan
Domino Theory…
“I can conceive of no greater tragedy than for the US to become engaged in an all out war in Indo-China”
- DD Eisenhower
Vice President Nixon explains the Domino Theory…
Intervening around the World
• 1959 - Cuba–Fidel Castro overthrows the
corrupt Cuban Dictator Fulgencio Batista
–Eisenhower authorized the training of Cuban nations who sought to overthrow Castro.
Fulgencia
Batista
Fidel Castro
Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial
Complex
51) What did Eisenhower warn against in his farewell address?
The “military industrial complex” speech...
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY
Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial Complex
“The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes.”