Huge List of Rulers I

SumerAntediluvian RulersExcavations in Iraq have revealed evidence of localized flooding at Shuruppak (modern Tell Fara, Iraq) and various other Sumerian cities. A layer of riverine sediments, radiocarbon dated to ca. 2900 BC, interrupts the continuity of settlement, extending as far north as the city of Kish. Polychrome pottery from the Jemdet Nasr period (3000-2900 BC) was discovered immediately below the Shuruppak flood stratum. None of the following predynastic "antediluvian" rulers has been verified as historical via archaeological excavations, epigraphical inscriptions, or otherwise. It is possible that they correspond to the Early Bronze Age Jemdet Nasr period culture which ended approximately 2900 BC, immediately preceding the dynasts, if they were not purely mythological inventions.The following reigns were measured in Sumerian numerical units known as sars (units of 3600), ners (units of 600), and sosses (units of 60). Ruler Length of reignAlulim 8 sars (28,800 years)Alalngar 10 sars (36,000 years)En-men-lu-ana 12 sars (43,200 years)En-men-gal-ana 8 sars (28,800 years)Dumuzid, the Shepherd

10 sars (36,000 years)

En-sipad-zid-ana 8 sars (28,800 years)En-men-dur-ana 5 sars and 5 ners (21,000 years)Ubara-Tutu 5 sars and 1 ner (18,600 years)

First Dynasty of KishRuler Length of reignJushur 1200 yearsKullassina-bel 960 yearsNangishlishma 670 yearsEn-tarah-ana 420 yearsBabum 300 yearsPuannum 840 yearsKalibum 960 yearsKalumum 840 yearsZuqaqip 900 yearsAtab (or A-ba) 600 yearsMashda 840 yearsArwium 720 yearsEtana 1500 yearsBalih 400 yearsEn-me-nuna 660 yearsMelem-Kish 900 yearsBarsal-nuna 1200 yearsZamug 140 yearsTizqar 305 years

Ilku 900 yearsIltasadum 1200 yearsEn-me-barage-si 900 yearsAga of Kish 625 years

First Dynasty of UrukRuler Length of reignMesh-ki-ang-gasherof E-ana 324 yearsEnmerkar 420 yearsLugalbanda 1200 yearsDumuzid (Dumuzi) 100 yearsGilgamesh 126 yearsUr-Nungal 30 yearsUdul-kalama 15 yearsLa-ba'shum 9 yearsEn-nun-tarah-ana 8 yearsMesh-he 36 yearsMelem-ana 6 yearsLugal-kitun 36 years

First dynasty of UrRuler Length of reignMesh-Ane-pada 80 yearsMesh-ki-ang-Nanna 36 yearsElulu 25 yearsBalulu 36 years

Dynasty of AwanRuler Length of reignThree kings of Awan 356 years

Second Dynasty of KishRuler Length of reignSusuda 201 yearsDadasig 81 yearsMamagal 360 yearsKalbum 195 yearsTuge 360 yearsMen-nuna 180 years(Enbi-Ishtar) 290 yearsLugalngu 360 years

Dynasty of HamaziRuler Length of reignHadanish 360 years

Second Dynasty of UrukRuler Length of reignEn-shag-kush-ana 60 yearsLugal-kinishe-dudu or Lugal- 120 years

ureArgandea 7 years

Second Dynasty of UrRuler Length of reignNanni 120 yearsMesh-ki-ang-Nanna II 48 years(?) 2 years

Dynasty of AdabRuler Length of reignLugal-Ane-mundu 90 years

Dynasty of MariRuler Length of reignAnbu 30 yearsAnba 17 yearsBazi 30 yearsZizi of Mari 20 yearsLimer 30 yearsSharrum-iter 9 years

Third Dynasty of KishRuler Length of reignKug-Bau(Kubaba) 100 years

Dynasty of AkshakRuler Length of reignUnzi 30 yearsUndalulu 6 yearsUrur 6 yearsPuzur-Nirah 20 yearsIshu-Il 24 yearsShu-Suen of Akshak 7 years

Fourth Dynasty of KishRuler Length of reignPuzur-Suen 25 yearsUr-Zababa 400 (6?) yearsZimudar 30 yearsUsi-watar 7 yearsEshtar-muti 11 yearsIshme-Shamash 11 years(Shu-ilishu)* (15 years)*Nanniya 7 years

Third Dynasty of UrukRuler Length of reignLugal-zage-si 25 years

Dynasty of AkkadRuler Length of reignSargon of Akkad 40 years

Rimush of Akkad 9 yearsMan-ishtishu 15 yearsNaram-Sin of Akkad 56 yearsShar-kali-sharri 25 yearsIrgigiImiNanumIluluDudu of Akkad 21 yearsShu-Durul 15 years

Fourth Dynasty of UrukRuler Length of reignUr-ningin 7 yearsUr-gigir 6 yearsKuda 6 yearsPuzur-ili 5 yearsUr-Utu (or Lugal-melem) 25 years

Gutian ruleRuler Length of reignInkishush 6 yearsZarlagab 6 yearsShulme (or Yarlagash) 6 yearsSilulumesh (or Silulu) 6 yearsInimabakesh (or Duga) 5 yearsIgeshaush (or Ilu-An) 6 yearsYarlagab 3 yearsIbate of Gutium 3 yearsYarla (or Yarlangab) 3 yearsKurum 1 yearApilkin 3 yearsLa-erabum 2 yearsIrarum 2 yearsIbranum 1 yearHablum 2 yearsPuzur-Suen 7 yearsYarlaganda 7 years(?) 7 yearsTirigan 40 days

Fifth Dynasty of UrukRuler Length of reignUtu-hengal

conflicting dates (427 years / 26 years / 7 years)

Third Dynasty of UrRuler Length of reignUr-Namma (Ur-Nammu) 18 yearsShulgi 46 yearsAmar-Suena 9 yearsShu-Suen 9 yearsIbbi-Suen 24 years

Dynasty of Isin

Ruler Length of reignIshbi-Erra 33 yearsShu-Ilishu 20 yearsIddin-Dagan 20 yearsIshme-Dagan 20 yearsLipit-Eshtar 11 yearsUr-Ninurta 28 yearsBur-Suen 21 yearsLipit-Enlil 5 yearsErra-imitti 8 yearsEnlil-bani 24 yearsZambiya 3 yearsIter-pisha 4 yearsUr-du-kuga 4 yearsSuen-magir 11 years(Damiq-ilishu)* (23 years)*

Pharoahs of EgyptEarly Dynastic: Lower EgyptLower Egypt, known as the Black land, consisted of the northern Nile and the Nile Delta. The following list may not be complete:Name DatesHsekiu[4] ?Khayu[4] ?Tiu[4] ?Thesh[4] ?Neheb[4] ?Wazner[4] c. 3100 BC?Mekh[4] ?Double Falcon c. 3200 BC ?

Early Dynastic: Upper EgyptUpper Egypt, known as the Red Land[citation needed], consisted of the southern Nile and the deserts. The following list may not be complete (there are many more of uncertain existence):Name DatesScorpion I c. 3200 BC?Iry-Hor c. 3150 BC?Ka[5][6] c. 3100 BCKing Scorpion c. 3150 BCNarmer c. 3150 BC

First DynastyName DatesNarmer c. 3150 BCHor-Aha c. 3050 BCDjer 41 yearsDjet 23 yearsMerneith —Den 42 years[8]

Anedjib 10 yearsSemerkhet 9 yearsQa'a 2916?–2890 BC

Second DynastyName DatesHotepsekhemwy[9] 38 yearsRaneb[10] 39 yearsNynetjer[11] 40 yearsWeneg[12] 8 yearsSenedj[13] 20 yearsSeth-Peribsen[14] 17 yearsSekhemib-PerenmaatKhasekhem(wy)[15][16] 17 to 18 years

Old KingdomThird DynastyName DatesDjoser[17][18] 2668–2649; Radiocarbon date

start reign between 2691 and 2625[20]

Sekhemkhet[21] 2649–2643Sanakhte c. 2650Khaba 2643–2637Qahedjet ?Huni[22] 2637–2613

Fourth DynastyNomen (Praenomen) DatesSneferu 2613–2589 (24 years)Khufu 2589–2566Djedefra (Radjedef) 2566–2558Khafra 2558–2532— —Menkaura 2532–2503Shepseskaf 2503–2498Djedefptah —

Fifth DynastyName DatesUserkaf 2498–2491Sahure 2490–2477Neferirkare Kakai 2477–2467Shepseskare Isi 2467–2460Neferefre 2460–2425Nyuserre Ini 2425–2422Menkauhor Kaiu 2422–2414Djedkare Isesi 2414–2375Unas 2375–2345

Sixth DynastyName DatesTeti 2345–2333Userkare 2333–2332Meryre Pepi I 2332–2283Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 2283–2278Neferkare Pepi II 2278–2184Neferka 2200–2199

Nefer 2197–2193Aba 2193–2176Unknown kingMerenre Nemtyemsaf II[23] 2184Neitiqerty Siptah 2184–2181

First Intermediate PeriodSeventh DynastyName DatesNeferkara INetjerkareMenkareNeferkare IINeferkare III NebiDjedkara ShemaiNeferkare IV Khendu

Eighth DynastyNeferkamin SeneferkaNikaraNeferkare V TereruNeferkahorNeferkare VI PepysenebNeferkamin AnuQakare Ibi 2169-2167Neferkara II 2167-2163Neferkawhor Khuwihap 2163-2161Neferirkara 2161-2160

Ninth DynastyName Dates— 2160– ?— ?Neferkare III ?Khety (Acthoes II) ?Senenh— or Setut ?— ?Mer[ibre Khety] ?Shed— ?H— ?

Tenth DynastyName DatesMeryhathor 2130– ?Neferkare IV ?Wankare (Acthoes III) ?Merykare ? –2040

Eleventh DynastyName DatesMentuhotep I Tepy-aSehertawy Intef I 2134–2117Wahankh Intef II 2117–2069Nakhtnebtepnefer Intef III 2069–2060

Middle KingdomEleventh Dynasty continuedName DatesNebhetepre Mentuhotep II[26] 2046–1995Sankhkare Mentuhotep III[27] 2010–1998Nebtawyre Mentuhotep IV[28] 1997–1991

Twelfth DynastyName DatesSehetepibre Amenemhat I[29][30] 1991–1962Kheperkare Senusret I[31] (Sesostris I) 1971–1926Nubkaure Amenemhat II[32] 1929–1895Khakheperre Senusret II[33] (Sesostris II) 1897–1878Khakaure Senusret III[34] (Sesostris III) 1878–1860Nimaatre Amenemhat III[35] 1860–1815Maakherure Amenemhat IV[36] 1815–1807Sobekkare Sobekneferu[37] 1807–1802

Second Intermediate PeriodThirteenth DynastyName DatesSekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep orWegaf

1802–1799 4 years.

Sekhemkare —Amenemhat 1795–1792Sehetepre ? –1790Iufni ?Seankhibre ?Semenkare ?Sehetepre ?Sewadjkare ?Nedjemibre ?Khaankhre Sobekhotep I ?Renseneb c. 1775Awybre Hor I? c. 1775?Sedjefakare c. 5 to 7 years.Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep c. 1767Khendjer c. 1765Imyremeshaw ?Antef V ?Sekhemresewadjtawy Sobekhotep III c. 1755Khasekhemre Neferhotep I 1751–1740Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV 1740–1730Khahotepre Sobekhotep V c. 1730Wahibre Ibiau c. 1725–1714Merneferre Ay c. 1714–1691Merhotepre Ini ?Sankhenre Sewadjtu ?Mersekhemre Ini ?Sewadjkare Hori ?The position of the following kings is uncertain:Name DatesDedumose I c. 1654

Dedumose II ?Senebmiu ?Mentuhotep V ?Senaaib ?

Fourteenth DynastyName DatesNehesy c. 1705Khakherewre ? ?Nebefawre c. 1704Sehebre ? ?Merdjefare c. 1699Sewadjkare ? ?Nebdjefare c. 1694Webenre ? ?— ?Djefare? ?Webenre c. 1690The position of the following pharaohs are uncertain:Name DatesSheshi[38]

Yakubher[38] ?

Fifteenth DynastyName DatesSalitisSakir-Har ?Khyan 30-40 yearsApepi 40 years or moreKhamudi 1555-1544

Sixteenth DynastyName DatesName lost, cannot be recovered -Djehuti (Sekhemresementawy) 3 yearsSobekhotep VIII(Sekhemreseusertawy)

16 years

Neferhotep III(Sekhemresankhtawy)

1 year

Mentuhotep VI (Sankhenre) 1 yearNebiryraw I (Sewadjenre) 26 yearsNebiriau IISemenreBebiankh (Seuserenre) 12 years(Sekhemre Shedwast)Name lost, cannot be recovered -

Seventeenth DynastyName DatesSekhemrewahkhaw Rahotep c. 1620 BCSekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I -Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf -Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef -Nubkheperre Intef -Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef -

Senakhtenre Ahmose c. 1558Seqenenre Tao c. 1558 - c. 1554Kamose c. 1554 - c. 1549

New KingdomEighteenth DynastyName DatesNebpehtire Ahmose I, Ahmosis I c.1550-1525 BCE;

Radiocarbon date range for the start of his reign is 1570-1544 BCE, the mean point of which is 1557 BCE[39]

Djeserkare Amenhotep I 1541-1520Aakheperkare Thutmose I 1520-1492Aakheperenre Thutmose II 1492-1479Menkheperre Thutmose III 1479-1425Maatkare Hatshepsut 1473-1458Aakheperrure Amenhotep II 1425-1400Menkheperure Thutmose IV 1400-1390Nebmaatre Amenhotep III The Magnificent King

1390-1352

Neferkheperure-waenre Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten

1352-1334

Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare 1334-1333Nebkheperure Tutankhaten/Tutankhamun

1333-1324

Kheperkheperure Ay 1324-1320Djeserkheperure-setpenre Horemheb

1320-1292

Nineteenth DynastyName DatesMenpehtire Ramesses I[41] 1292-1290Menmaatre Seti I 1290-1279Usermaatre-setpenre Ramesses II the Great 1279-1213Banenre Merenptah[42] 1213-1203Menmire-setpenre Amenmesse 1203-1200Userkheperure Seti II[43] 1203-1197Sekhaenre/Akhenre Merenptah Siptah[44] 1197-1191Satre-merenamun Tausret 1191-1190

Twentieth DynastyName DatesUserkhaure Setnakht 1190-1186Usermaatre-meryamun Ramesses III 1186-1155User/Heqamaatre-setpenamun Ramesses IV 1155-1149Usermaatre-sekheperenre Ramesses V 1149-1145Nebmaatre-meryamun Ramesses VI 1145-1137Usermaatre-setpenre-meryamun Ramesses VII 1137-1130Usermaatre-akhenamun Ramesses VIII 1130-1129Neferkare-setpenre Ramesses IX 1129-1111Khepermaatre-setpenptah Ramesses X[46] 1111-1107Menmaatre-setpenptah Ramesses XI[47] 1107-1077

Third Intermediate PeriodTwenty-First DynastyName DatesHedjkheperre-setpenre Nesbanebdjed[49] 1077-

1051Neferkare Heqawaset Amenemnisu 1051-

1047Aakheperre Pasebakhenniut I (Psusennes I) 1047-

1001Usermaatre Amenemope 1001-992Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon (Osorkon the Elder)

992-986

Netjerikheperre-setpenamun Siamun-meryamun 986-967Titkheperure Pasebakhenniut II (Psusennes II) 967-943

Twenty-Second DynastyName DatesHedjkheperre-setepenre Shoshenq I 943-922Sekhemkheperre Osorkon I 922-887Heqakheperre Shoshenq II 887-885Takelot I 885-872Hedjkheperre Harsiese 880-860Usermaatre-setepenamun Osorkon II 872-837Usermaatre-setepenre Shoshenq III 837-798Shoshenq IV 798-785Usermaatre-setepenre Pami 785-778Aakheperre Shoshenq V 778-740Aakheperre-setepenamun Osorkon IV 740-720

Twenty-Third DynastyName DatesHedjkheperre-setpenre Takelot II 837-813Usermaatre-setepenamun Pedubast 826-801Usermaatre-setepenamun Iuput I 812-811Usermaatre Shoshenq VI 801-795Usermaatre-setepenamun Osorkon III 795-767Usermaatre-setpenamun Takelot III 773-765Usermaatre-setpenamun Rudamun 765-762

The LibuName DatesInamunnifnebu 805-795 ? 795-780Niumateped 780-755Titaru 763-755Ker 755-750Rudamon 750-745Ankhor 745-736Tefnakht 736-732

Twenty-Fourth DynastyName DatesShepsesre Tefnakhte 732-725Wahkare Bakenrenef (Bocchoris) 725-720

Late periodTwenty-fifth DynastyName DatesUsermaatre Piye 752-721 according to Dan'el KahnNeferkare Shabaka 721-707/706 according to Rolf

Krauss/David Warburton[50]

Djedkaure Shebitku 707/706 according to Dan'el Kahn[51]

Khuinefertemre Taharqa

690-664

Bakare Tantamani 664-653

Twenty-sixth DynastyName DatesMenkheperre Nekau I (Necho I) 672 – 664 BCWahibre Psamtik I (Psammetichus I) 664 – 610 BCWehemibre Necho II (Necho II) 610 – 595 BCNeferibre Psamtik II (Psammetichus II) 595 – 589 BCHaaibre Wahibre (Apries) 589 – 570 BCKhnemibre Ahmose II (Amasis) 570 – 526 BCAnkhkaenre Psamtik III (Psammetichus III) 526 – 525 BC

Twenty-eighth DynastyName DatesAmyrtaeus 404 – 398 BC

Twenty-ninth DynastyName DatesBaenre Nefaarud I 398 – 393 BCPsammuthes 393 BCKhenemmaatre Hakor (Achoris) 393 – 380 BCNefaarud II 380 BC

Thirtieth DynastyName DatesKheperkare Nekhtnebef (Nectanebo I) 380 – 362 BCIrimaatenre Djedher (Teos) 362 – 360 BCSenedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II) 360 – 343 BC

BabylonKings of LarsaRuler ReignedNaplanum ca. 1961–1940 BCEmisum ca. 1940–1912 BCSamium ca. 1912–1877 BCZabaia ca. 1877–1868 BCGungunum ca. 1868–1841 BCAbisare ca. 1841–1830 BCSumuel ca. 1830–1801 BCNur-Adad ca. 1801–1785 BCSin-Iddinam ca. 1785–1778 BCSin-Eribam ca. 1778–1776 BCSin-Iqisham ca. 1776–1771 BC

Silli-Adad ca. 1771–1770 BCWarad-Sin ca. 1770–1758 BCRim-Sin I ca. 1758–1699 BCHammurabi of Babylon ca. 1699–1686 BCSamsu-iluna of Babylon ca. 1686–1678 BCRim-Sin II ca. 1678–1674 BC

Babylonian Empire First Dynasty of Babylon, (Amorite Dynasty)Ruler ReignedSumu-abum orSu-abu ca. 1830–1817 BCSumu-la-El ca. 1817–1781 BCSabium or Sabum ca. 1781–1767 BCApil-Sin ca. 1767–1749 BCSin-muballit ca. 1748–1729 BCHammurabi ca. 1728–1686 BCSamsu-iluna ca. 1686–1648 BCAbi-eshuh orAbieshu ca. 1648–1620 BCAmmi-ditana ca. 1620–1583 BCAmmi-saduqa orAmmisaduqa ca. 1582–1562 BCSamsu-Ditana ca. 1562–1531 BC

Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)Ruler ReignedIlum-ma-ili fl. ca. 1732 BCItti-ili-nibiDamqi-ilishuIshkibalShushushiGulkisharmDIŠ+U-ENPeshgaldarameshAyadaragalamaAkurduanaMelamkurkurraEa-gamil fl. ca. 1460 BC

Early Kassite MonarchsRuler ReignedGandaš fl. ca. 1730 BCAgum IKaštiliašu IAbi-RattašKaštiliašu IIUr-zigurumašḪurbazumŠipta’ulzi

Late Bronze AgeKassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)Ruler ReignedAgum II orAgum-Kakrime ca. 1507 BC

Burnaburiash IKashtiliash IIIUlamburiashAgum IIIKaraindashKadashman-harbe IKurigalzu IKadashman-Enlil I ca. 1374–1360 BCBurnaburiash II ca. 1359–1333 BCKara-hardash ca. 1333 BCNazi-Bugash orShuzigash ca. 1333 BCKurigalzu II ca. 1332–1308 BCNazi-Maruttash ca. 1307–1282 BCKadashman-Turgu ca. 1281–1264 BCKadashman-Enlil II ca. 1263–1255 BCKudur-Enlil ca. 1254–1246 BCShagarakti-Shuriash ca. 1245–1233 BCKashtiliashu IV ca. 1232–1225 BCEnlil-nadin-shumi ca. 1224 BCKadashman-Harbe II ca. 1223 BCAdad-shuma-iddina ca. 1222–1217 BCAdad-shuma-usur ca. 1216–1187 BCMeli-Shipak II ca. 1186–1172 BCMarduk-apla-iddina I ca. 1171–1159 BCZababa-shuma-iddin ca. 1158 BCEnlil-nadin-ahi ca. 1157–1155 BC

Iron AgeDynasty IV of Babylon, from IsinRuler ReignedMarduk-kabit-ahheshu ca. 1155–1140 BCItti-Marduk-balatu ca. 1140–1132 BCNinurta-nadin-shumi ca. 1132–1126 BCNabu-kudurri-usur(Nebuchadnezzar I) ca. 1126–1103 BCEnlil-nadin-apli ca. 1103–1100 BCMarduk-nadin-ahhe ca. 1100–1082 BCMarduk-shapik-zeri ca. 1082–1069 BCAdad-apla-iddina ca. 1069–1046 BCMarduk-ahhe-eriba ca. 1046 BCMarduk-zer-X ca. 1046–1033 BCNabu-shum-libur ca. 1033–1025 BC

Dynasty V of BabylonRuler ReignedSimbar-shipak ca. 1025–1008 BCEa-mukin-zeri ca. 1008 BCKashshu-nadin-ahi ca. 1008–1004 BC

Dynasty VI of BabylonRuler ReignedEulmash-shakin-shumi ca. 1004 – 987 BCNinurta-kudurri-usur I ca. 987 – 985 BCShirikti-shuqamuna ca. 985 BC

Dynasty VII of BabylonRuler ReignedMar-biti-apla-usur ca. 985 – 979 BC

Dynasty VIII of BabylonRuler ReignedNabu-mukin-apli ca. 979 – 943 BC

Dynasty IX of BabylonRuler ReignedNinurta-kudurri-usur II ca. 943 BCMar-biti-ahhe-iddina ca. 943 – 920 BCShamash-mudammiq ca. 920 – 900 BCNabu-shuma-ukin I ca. 900 – 888 BCNabu-apla-iddina ca. 888 – 855 BCMarduk-zakir-shumi I ca. 855 – 819 BCMarduk-balassu-iqbi ca. 819 – 813 BCBaba-aha-iddina ca. 813 – 811 BC5 kings ca. 811 – 800 BCNinurta-apla-X ca. 800 – 790 BCMarduk-bel-zeri ca. 790 – 780 BCMarduk-apla-usur ca. 780 – 769 BCEriba-Marduk ca. 769 – 761 BCNabu-shuma-ishkun ca. 761 – 748 BCNabu-nasir (Nabonassar) 748 – 734 BCNabu-nadin-zeri 734 – 732 BCNabu-suma-ukin II 732 BC

Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)Ruler ReignedNabu-mukin-zeri 732 – 729 BCTiglath-Pileser III 729 – 727 BCShalmaneser V 727 – 722 BCMarduk-apla-iddina II 722 – 710 BCSharrukin II(Sargon II) 710 – 705 BCSin-ahhe-eriba(Sennacherib) 705 – 703 BCMarduk-zakir-shumi II 703 BCMarduk-apla-iddina II 703 BCBel-ibni 703 – 700 BCAshur-nadin-shumi 700 – 694 BCNergal-ushezib 694 – 693 BCMushezib-Marduk 693 – 689 BCSin-ahhe-eriba(Sennacherib) 689 – 681 BCAshur-ahha-iddina(Esarhaddon) 681 – 669 BCShamash-shum-ukin 668 – 648 BCKandalanu 648 – 627 BCSin-shumu-lishir 626 BCSinsharishkun ca. 626 – 620 BC

Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean Dynasty)Ruler ReignedNabu-apla-usur(Nabopolassar) 626 – 605 BCNabu-kudurri-usur(Nebuchadnezzar II) 605 – 562 BC

Amel-Marduk 562 – 560 BCNergal-shar-usur(Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) 560 – 556 BCLabashi-Marduk 556 BCNabu-na'id(Nabonidus) 556 – 539 BCCyrus II of Persia 539 – 529 BC

Assyria

Early periodNo regnal lengths are given for kings before Erishum I.

"Kings who lived in tents"TudiyaAdamuYangiSuhlamuHarharuMandaruImshuHarshuDidanu

HanuZuabuNuabuAbazuBeluAzarahUshpiaApiashal, "son of Ushpia""altogether 17 kings, tent dwellers."[6][7]

“Kings whose fathers are known"These list the ancestors of Shamshi-Adad I.[4]

Apiashal, "son of Ushpia"Hale, "son of Apiashal"Samani, "son of Hale"Hayani, "son of Samani"Ilu-Mer, "son of Hayani"

Yakmesi, "son of Ilu-Mer"Yakmeni, "son of Yakmesi"Yazkur-el, "son of Yakmeni"Ila-kabkabu, "son of Yazkur-el"Aminu, "son of Ila-kabkabu""altogether 10 kings whose fathers are (known)."[6][8]

“Kings whose eponyms are not known"King name ReignedSulili unknown 21st c BCKikkiya unknown 21st c BCAkiya unknown 21st or early 20th C BCPuzur-Ashur I fl. ca. 1975 BCShalim-ahum died 1946 BCIlu-shuma fl. ca. 1945 - 1906 BC

Old Assyrian periodKing name Reigned[12][13]

Erishum I fl. ca. 1905-1867 BC(30 or 40 years)

Ikunum 1867 - 1860 BC (damaged text)

Sargon I ca. 1859 BC - ?(damaged text)Puzur-Ashur II (damaged text)Naram-Suen(Naram-Sin) (damaged text)Erishum II 1819 - 1814 BC (damaged

text)Shamshi-Adad I fl. ca. 1813 - 1791 BCIshme-Dagan I 1790 - 1751 BC

Mut-Ashkur 1750 BC - (unknown)Rimush (unknown)Asinum (unknown)Seven usurpers ruling during and after the ousting of the Babylonians and Amorites from Assyria:Ashur-dugulAshur-apla-idiNasir-SinSin-namirIpqi-IshtarAdad-saluluAdasi circa 1725 - 1701 BCBel-bani 1700 - 1691 BC (10 years)Libaya 1690-1674 BC (17 years)Sharma-Adad I 1673-1662 BC (12 years)Iptar-Sin 1661-1650 BC (12 years)Bazaya 1649-1622 BC (28 years)Lullaya (1621-1618 BC (6 years)Shu-Ninua 1615-1602 BC (14 years)Sharma-Adad II 1601-1599 BC (3 years)Erishum III 1598-1586 BC (13 years)Shamshi-Adad II 1585-1580 BC(6 years)Ishme-Dagan II 1579 - 1562 BC (16 years)Shamshi-Adad III 1562 - 1548 BC (16 years)Ashur-nirari I 1547 - 1522 BC (26 years)Puzur-Ashur III 1521-1498 BCEnlil-nasir I 1497 - 1484 BC (13 years)Nur-ili circa 1483 - 1471 BC (12 years)Ashur-shaduni circa 1471 BC (1 month)Ashur-rabi I circa 1470 - 1451 BC

(uncertain, damaged text)Ashur-nadin-ahhe I circa 1450 - 1431 (uncertain,

damaged text)Enlil-nasir II ca. 1430–1425 BCAshur-nirari II ca. 1424–1418 BCAshur-bel-nisheshu ca. 1417–1409 BCAshur-rim-nisheshu ca. 1408–1401 BCAshur-nadin-ahhe II ca. 1400–1391 BC

Middle Assyrian periodKing name Reigned[16][17][18]

Eriba-Adad I ca. 1390–1364 BCAshur-uballit I ca. 1363–1328 BCEnlil-nirari ca. 1327–1318 BCArik-den-ili ca. 1317–1306 BCAdad-nirari I ca. 1305–1274 BCShalmaneser I ca. 1273–1244 BCTukulti-Ninurta I ca. 1243–1207 BCAshur-nadin-apli ca. 1206–1203 BCAshur-nirari III ca. 1202–1197 BCEnlil-kudurri-usur ca. 1196–1192 BCNinurta-apal-Ekur ca. 1191–1180 BCAshur-Dan I ca. 1179–1133 BCNinurta-tukulti-Ashur ca. 1133 BC

Mutakkil-nusku ca. 1133 BCAshur-resh-ishi I ca. 1133–1115 BCTiglath-Pileser I ca. 1115–1076 BCAsharid-apal-Ekur ca. 1076–1074 BCAshur-bel-kala ca. 1074–1056 BCEriba-Adad II ca. 1056–1054 BCShamshi-Adad IV ca. 1054–1050 BCAshur-nasir-pal I ca. 1050–1031 BCShalmaneser II ca. 1031–1019 BCAshur-nirari IV ca. 1019–1013 BCAshur-rabi II ca. 1013–972 BCAshur-resh-ishi II ca. 972–967 BCTiglath-Pileser II ca. 967–935 BCAshur-Dan II ca. 935–912 BC

Neo-Assyrian periodKing name Reigned[19][20][21]

Adad-nirari II 912–891 BCTukulti-Ninurta II 891–884 BCAshur-nasir-pal II 884–859 BCShalmaneser III 859–824 BCShamshi-Adad V 824–811 BCSemiramis (Shammu-ramat), regent, 811–808 BCAdad-nirari III 811–783 BCShalmaneser IV 783–773 BCAshur-Dan III 773–755 BCAshur-nirari V 755–745 BCTiglath-Pileser III 745–727 BCShalmaneser V 727–722 BCSargon II 722–705 BCSennacherib 705–681 BCEsarhaddon 681–669 BCThe dates of the last kings are not certain.Ashurbanipal 669–between 631 and 627

BCAshur-etil-ilani ca. 631–627 BCSin-shumu-lishir 626 BCSin-shar-ishkun ca. 627–612 BCAshur-uballit II 612 BC–ca. 608 to 605 BC

List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran

Western Kingdoms, c. 2550- c. 700 BCMarhasi kingdom,[2][3] c.2550–c.1900 BCMigirenlil (c.2550 BC)Unnamed King (c.2325 BC)Abalgamash (c.2316-2312 BC)Hubshumkibi (c. 2270 BC cont. with Naram-Sin king of Akkad)Unnamed King (c.2080 BC)Hashibatal (c. 2070 BC cont. with Shulgi king of Ur)Arvilukpi (c. 2050 BC cont. with Amar-Sin king of Ur)

Pariashum (c. 2045 BC cont. with Amar-Sin king of Ur)Libanugshabash (2044-c.2033 BC)Mashhundahli (c. 2020 BC cont. with Ibbi-Sin king of Ur)

Namar kingdom,[2] c.24th cent.- c.750 BCTishari (c. 2350 BC)Inbir (c. 2290 BC)Sadarmat (c. 2270 BC)Arisen (c. 2260 BC)Unknown Queen (c. 1764 BC)Karziyabku (c. 1200 BC)Ritti-Marduk (c. 1110 BC)Marduk-Mudammiq (until 842/4 BC)Ianzu (842/4-834/5 BC)

Zakhara kingdom,[2][3] c.2350–c.2250 BCThe unnamed prince of Zakhara (c.2315 BCE)Ungapi (c.2315 BCE). Regent of ZakharaThe unnamed king of Zakhara (after 2254 BCE)

Ganhar kingdom,[2] c.21th cent. BCKisari (c. 2071-c. 2050 BC)Warad-Nannar (c. 2035 BC)

Eshnuna kingdom, c.21th cent.- c.8th cent. BCUrguedinna (c.2000 BC) Governor under Shulgi of the Ur IIIKallamu (cont. of Shulgi of the Ur III)Ituria (cont. of Shu-Sin of the Ur III)Ilushuilia (cont. of Ibbi-Sin of the Ur III)Nurakhum (cont. of Ibbi-Sin of the Ur III & Ishbi-Erra of Isin)KirikiriBilalama (Cont. of Tan-Ruhuratir I of Elam)IsharramashuUsurawasuUr-NinmarUr-NingizzidaIpiq-Adad I (Cont. of Abdi-Erah of Khafajah and Sumu-abum of Babylon)SarriiaWarassaBelakumIbal-pi-El IIpiq-Adad II (c.1700 BC Reigned at least 36 years)Naram-Sin (Cont. of Shamshi-Adad) Son of Ipiq-Adad IIDannum-tahaz (Approximate position)Dadusha (Cont. of Shamshi-Adad) Son of Ipiq-Adad IIIbal-pi-El II (Cont. of Zimri-Lim of Mari) Killed by Siwe-Palar-Hupak of Elam who captured EshnunnaSilli-Sin

Zabshali kingdom,[2] c.2050- c.2000 BCZiringu (until after 2038 BC)Indasu (c. 2032 BC)Unknown king (c. 2024 BC) (His wife was Tukin-khațța-migrisha daughter of Ibbi-Sin king of Ur)

Throne Name Began Ended

Kuti kingdom, c.2550–c.2100 BCUnnamed king of Kuti c.2550 BC ?Erridupizir c.2256 BC c.2251 BCImta or Nibia c.2250 BC c.2246 BCInkishush c.2245 BC c.2240 BCZarlagab c.2239 BC c.2234 BCShulme c.2233 BC c.2228 BCElulmesh or Silulumesh c.2227 BC c.2222 BCDuga c.2221 BC c.2216 BCIluan c.2215 BC c.2213 BCInimabakesh c.2212 BC c.2208 BCInkishush c.2207 BC c.2202 BCYarlagab c.2201 BC c.2187 BCIbate c.2186 BC c.2184 BCYarlagab or Yarla c.2183 BC c.2181 BCKurum c.2180 BC c.2180 BCApilkin c.2179 BC c.2177 BCLa-erabum c.2176 BC c.2175 BCIrarum c.2174 BC c.2173 BCIbranum c.2172 BC c.2172 BCHablum c.2171 BC c.2170 BCPuzur-Suen c.2169 BC c.2163 BCYarlaganda c.2162 BC c.2156 BCSi'um or Si'u c.2155 BC c.2121 BCTirigan c.2120 BC c.2120 BC

Lullubi kingdom,[2][3] c.2400–c.650 BCImmashkush (c. 2400 BC)Anubanini (c. 2350 BC) he ordered to make an inscription on the rock near Sar-e Pol-e ZahabSatuni (c. 2270 BC cont. with Naram-Sin king of Akkad & Hita king of Awan)Irib (c. 2037 BC)Darianam (c. 2000 BC)Ikki (precise dates unknown)Tar...duni (precise dates unknown) son of Ikki. his inscription is found near the inscription of AnubaniniNur-Adad (c. 881-880 BC)Zabini (c. 881 BC)Hubaia (c. 830 BC) vassal of AssyriansDada (c. 715 BC)Larkutla (c. 675 BC)

Gilzan kingdom,[2] c.900- c.820 BCUnknown king (c. 883- c. 880 BC)Asau (c. mid 9th cent. BC)Upu (c. 827 BC)

Urartu kingdom, c.860–547 BCArame 858-844 BCLutipri 844-834 BCSarduri I 834-828 BCIshpuini 828-810 BCMenua 810-785 BC

Argishti I 785-753 BCSarduri II 753-735 BCRusa I 735-714 BCArgishti II 714-680 BCRusa II 680-639 BCSarduri III 639-635 BCEriména 635-629 BCRusa III 629-590 or 629-615 BCSarduri IV 615-595 BCRusa IV 595-585 BC

Ida kingdom,[2] c.860- c.710 BCNikdiara (c. 855/6- c. 827 BC)Sharsina (c. 821- c. 820 BC)Parnua (c. 713 BC)

Allabria,[2] c.850- c.710 BCIanziburiash (c. 842 BC)Artasari (c. 829 BC)Bēl-apla-iddina (until 716 BC)Itti (c. 711 BC)

Gizilbunda kingdom,[2] c.850- c.700 BCPirishati (until 820 BC) (in Urash)Titamashka (c. 820 BC) (in Sasiashu)Kiara (c. 820 BC) (in Kar-Sibutu)Engur (c. 820 BC) (in Sibaru)Zizi (c. 714 BC) (in Appatar)Zala (c. 714 BC) (in Kit-Patia)

Araziash kingdom,[2] c.850- 716 BCBarua (precise dates unknown)Munsuarta (c. 820 BC)Unknown king (c. 775- c. 772 BC)Ramatea (c. 744 BC)Satareshu (c. 713 BC)

Manna kingdom, c.850- c.550 BC

Andia Kingdom,[2][3] c.850–c.700 BCUnnamed king of Andia (c.827 BC) cont. with Daian-Ashur military leader of Assyrian empire in western IranTelusina (c.719-715 BC) who revolted against king of Manna & was defeated by Sargon II king of Assyria

Kishesu kingdom, c.830- c.710 BC

Sagbitu kingdom, c.820- c.710 BC

Abdadana kingdom, c.810- c.710 BC

Zikartu kingdom,[2] c.750- 521 BCThe unnamed king of Zikartu (c.744 BC)Mettati (c.719-714 BC)Bagparna (from 714 BC)Tritantaechmes (until July 15, 521 BC)

Median dynasty, 726–521 BCThrone Name Entered office Left officeMedian dynasty,[4] 726–521 BC1 Deioces 726 BC 674 BC2 Xšaθrita I 674 BC 652 BC3 Cyaxares 625 BC 585 BC4 Astyages 585 BC 550 BC5 Xšaθrita II Dec. 522 BC May 8, 521 BC

Karalla kingdom, c.720- c.700 BC

Uriaku kingdom, c.720- c.700 BC

Karzinu kingdom, c.720- c.700 BC

Saparda kingdom, c.720- c.670 BC

Scythian kingdom,[2][3] c.700–c.530 BCIshpaka (until c.673 BC)Partatua (from c. 673 BC)Madea (c. 658/9- c.625 BC) son of Partatua..............Eruvand (before 550- 547 BC)Tigran (from 547 BC) son of Eruvand

Southern Kingdoms, 27th cen.- 550 BC

Dilmun kingdom,[5] 27th to 7th cen. BCZiusudra (27th cent. BC)Rimun (c.1550 BC)Usiananuri, grandfather of Uballissu-Marduk (precise dates unknown)Ilī-ippašra (cont. with Burnaburiash II & Kurigalzu II)Operi (c.710 BC)Hundaru I (c.650 BC)Qena (c.680-c.670 BC)Hundaru II (706-685 BC)

Gunilaha kingdom, c.2350- c.2300 BCHidarida[...] (c. 2325 BC)[6]

Makkan kingdom,[3] 23rd cen. BCMannudannu (cont. with Naram-Sin king of Akkad)

Bashimi kingdom,[3] c.2100–c.1900 BCIlsurabi (precise dates unknown)Ibalum (precise dates unknown)Warad-Nannar (cont. with Shu-Sin king of Ur)Ir-Nanna (cont. with Ibbi-Sin king of Ur)The unnamed king of Bashimi (c. 1930 BC)

Zabum kingdom,[3] 21st cen. BCAbummisar (precise dates unknown)Abuq-iu-bani (precise dates unknown)Unnamed king of Zabum (until 2064 BC)Shalhuni (from 2064 BC)

Warad-Nannar (cont. with Shu-Sin king of Ur & the same king of Bashimi)

Elamite Empire, c. 2700–519 BCThrone Name Began EndedOld Elamite Period, c. 2700- c. 1500 BCEarly Elamite kings, c. 2700- c. 2600 BC1 Humbaba c. 2700 BC c. 2680 BC2 Humban-Shutur (or

Khumbastir) ? ?

Awan dynasty,[1][2][3] c. 2600-2078 BC3 The unnamed King of

Awanc. 2580 BC ?

4 ...Lu ? ?5 Kur-Ishshak ? c. 2550 BC6 Peli c. 2500 BC ?7 Tata I ? ?8 Ukku-Tanhish ? ?9 Hishutash ? ?10 Shushun-Tarana ? ?11 Napi-Ilhush ? ?12 Kikku-Siwe-Temti ? ?13 Hishep-Ratep I ? ?14 Luh-Ishshan ? c. 2325 BC15 Hishep-Ratep II c. 2325 BC ?16 Emahsini[5] c. 2315 BC 2311 BC17 Helu ? ?18 Hita c. 2270 BC c. 2270 BC19 Kutik-Inshushinak[6] c. 2100 BC c. 2100 BCSimashki dynasty,[7][8] c. 2100- c. 1928 BC20 The unnamed king of

Simashki ? c. 2100 BC

21 Gir-Namme I ? ?22 Tazitta I c. 2040 BC[5] c. 2037 BC[5]

23 Eparti I ? c. 2033 BC[5]

24 Gir-Namme II c. 2033 BC ?25 Tazitta II ? ?26 Lurak-Luhhan c. 2028 BC 2022 BC27 Hutran-Temti ? ?28 Indattu-Inshushinak I ? 2016 BC29 Kindattu before 2006

BCafter 2005 BC

30 Indattu-Inshushinak II c. 1980 BC ?32 Tan-Ruhuratir I c. 1965 BC ?33 Indattu-Inshushinak III ? ?35 Indattu-Napir ? ?36 Indattu-Temti ? 1928? BCEpartid dynasty,[9] c. 1970- c. 1500 BC31 Eparti II c. 1973 BC ?34 Shilhaha ? ?37 Kuk-Nashur I ? ?38 Atta-hushu ?1928 BC after 1894

BC39 Tetep-Mada after c. 1890

BC ?

40 Palar-Ishshan ? ?41 Kuk-Sanit ? ?

42 Kuk-Kirwash ? ?43 Tem-Sanit ? ?44 Kuk-Nahhunte ? ?45 Kuk-Nashur II ? ?46 Shirukduh c. 1790 BC ?47 Shimut-Wartash I ? ?48 Siwe-Palar-Hupak before 1765

BCafter 1765 BC

49 Kuduzulush I ? ?50 Kutir-Nahhunte I c. 1710 BC ?51 Atta-Merra-Halki ? ?52 Tata II ? ?53 Lila-Irtash ? ?54 Temti-Agun ? ?55 Kutir-Shilhaha ? ?56 Kuk-Nashur III before 1646

BCafter 1646 BC

57 Temti-Raptash ? ?58 Shimut-Wartash II ? ?59 Shirtuh ? ?60 Kuduzulush II ? ?61 Tan-Uli ? ?62 Temti-Halki ? ?63 Kuk-Nashur IV[5] ? ?64 Kutik-Matlat[4] c. 1500 BC ?

Middle Elamite Period, c. 1500- c. 1000 BCKidinuid dynasty,[9] c. 1500- c. 1400 BC65 Kidinu 15th cen. BC ?66 Inshushinak-Sunkir-

Nappipir ? ?

67 Tan-Ruhuratir II 15th cen. BC ?68 Shalla ? ?76 Temti-Ahar c. 1370 BC ?Igehalkid dynasty,[9] c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC69 Ata-Halki[12] ? ?70 Attar-Kittah I[12] ? ?71 Ige-Halki ? ?72 Pahir-Ishshan I c. 1390 BC ?73 Kidin-Hutran I ? ?74 Attar-Kittah II ? ?75 Humban-Numena I c. 1370 BC ?77 Untash-Napirisha or

Untash-Humbanc. 1340 BC ?

78 Kidin-Hutran II ? ?79 Napirisha-Untash or

Humban-Untash ? ?

80 Pahir-Ishshan II ? ?81 Unpatar-Napirisha or

Unpatar-Humban ? ?

82 Kidin-Hutran III c. 1224 BC c. 1217 BCShutrukid dynasty,[9] c. 1200 – c. 970 BC83 Hallutush-Inshushinak c. 1200 BC ?84 Shutruk-Nahhunte I before c.

1158 BCafter c. 1158 BC

85 Kutir-Nahhunte II before c. after c. 1155

1155 BC BC86 Shilhak-Inshushinak I ? ?87 Hutelutush-Inshushinak before c.

1110 BCafter c. 1110 BC

88 Shilhina-Hamru-Lakamar

after 1110 BC

?

89 Humban-Numena II early 11th cen. BC

?

90 Shutruk-Nahhunte II middle of 11th cen. BC

?

91 Shutur-Nahhunte I middle of 11th cen. BC

?

92 Mar-biti-apla-usur[14] before 983 BC

after 978 BC

? Akshir-Shimut ? ? ? Akshir-Nahhunte ? ? ? Kara-Indash ? ?

Neo-Elamite Period, c. 1000- c. 500 BCHumban-Tahrid (Neo-Elamite) dynasty,[15] c. 830–521 BC96 The unnamed king of

Elambefore c. 821 BC

after c. 821 BC

97 Humban-Tahrah I ? 743 BC98 Humban-Nikash I 743 BC 717 BC99 Shutur-Nahhunte II 717 BC 699 BC100 Hallushu-Inshushinak 699 BC oct. 693 BC101 Kutir-Nahhunte III oct. 693 BC July 692 BC102 Humban-Numena III July 692 BC feb. 688 BC103 Humban-Haltash I feb. 688 BC oct. 681 BC104 Humban-Haltash II oct. 681 BC sept. 675 BC105 Urtak-Inshushinak sept. 675 BC 663 BC106 Temti-Humban-

Inshushinak I663 BC sept. 653 BC

107 Humban-Nikash II sept. 653 BC 651 BC108 Tammaritu 652 BC 649 BC109 Indabibi 649 BC after July 648

BC110 Humban-Haltash III after July

648 BC645/4 BC

108 Tammaritu 647 BC 647 BC111 Humban-Nikash III 647 BC 647 BC112 Umhuluma 647 BC 647 BC113 Indattu-Inshushinak IV 647 BC after autumn

646 BC114 Humban-Hapua 647 BC 647 BC115 Pa'e autumn 646 after 645/4

BC116 Shutur-Nahhunte III after

autumn 646 BC

?

117 Humban-Kitin last quarter of 7th cen.

?

118 Humban-Tahrah II ? ?119 Hallutash-Inshushinak ? ?120 Ummanunu I first quarter

of 6th cen. BC

?

121 Shilhak-Inshushinak II first quarter of 6th cen. BC

?

122 Temti-Humban-Inshushinak II

before 550 BC

?

123 Halkatash ? c. 549/8 BC124 Açina oct. BC 10 dec. 522

BC125 Ummanunu II or

Humban-Nikash IV (Ummaniš)

dec. 522 BC feb. 521 BC

126 Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak

? 520/19 BC

Kings of Elymais[30] c.147 BC–c.224 ADKamnaskires I Megas Soter (c. 147- c.145 BC)Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c 145- C. 139 BC)Okkonapses (c. 139/8 BC)Tigraios (c. 138/7- c. 133/2 bc)Darius (before c. 129 BC)Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus (c. 85 BC)Kamnaskires IV (c. 82/1- c. 76/5 BC) with Anzaze (his Queen)Kamnaskires V[31] (c. 73/2- c. 46 BC)Kamnaskires VI[32] (c. 46- c. 28 BC)Kamnaskires VII[33] (c. 28 BC- c. 1 AD)Kamnaskires VIII[34] (c. 1- c. 15 AD)Kamnaskires IX[35] (c. 15- c. 25 AD)Orodes I (c. 25- c. 50 AD)Orodes II (c. 50- c. 70 AD) son of Orodes IPhraates[36] (c. 70- c. 90 AD) son of Orodes (I or II)Orodes III[37] (c. 90- c. 100 AD) son of Orodes IIKamnaskires-Orodes[38] (c. 100- c. 120 AD) son of Orodes IIAriobarzanes (c. 125 AD)Osroes (c. 125-c. 130 AD)Unknown King I (c. 130- c. 140 AD)Orodes IV[39] & Ulpan (c. 140- c. 160 AD)Abarbasi[40] (c. 160- c. 170 AD)Orodes V[41] (c. 170- c. 180 AD) son of BeldusaVologases[42] (c. 180- c. 190 AD)Unknown King II[43] (c. 190- c. 210 AD)Unknown King III[44] (c. 210- c. 220 AD)Orodes VI[45] (c. 220- 224 AD)

List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 ADVonones 12-16 AD, former king of ParthiaOrodes 16-18 son of Artabanus II (or IV) king of ParthiaArtaxias III 18-34Arsaces I 34-35 son of Artabanus II (or IV) king of ParthiaOrodes 35 againMithridates I 35-37 son of Mithridates (II) king of IberiaOrodes 37-42 againMithridates I 42-52 againRhadamistus 52-54 son of Pharasmanes (III) king of IberiaTiridates I 54-60 son of Vonones II king of Parthia & MedesTigranes VI 60-62 from the house of HerodTiridates I 62-c.75 again

?Vologases (I) c.75-89 (Probably Vologases II of Parthia)Sanatruk 89-109 (Probably son of Vologases II of Parthia)Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110-113 son of Pacorus II king of ParthiaParthamasiris (Partamasir) 113-114 son of Pacorus II king of ParthiaRoman province 114-115Mithridates II 115-116 brother of Osroes ISanatruces II 116 son of Mithridates IIOrontes V 116-118 son of Abgar VII king of OsrhoeneVologases I 116-138/144Sohaemus 144-161Pacorus 161-164 (Aurelius Pacorus)Sohaemus 164-171 againTiridates (II) 171Sohaemus 171-186 againVologases II 186-198 son of Tigranes (king of sophene ?) ?Sanatruces III 198-215Khosrov I 215-216 son of Vologases IITiridates II (or III) 217-222 (Probably Tiridates IV king of Parthia and Medes) ?Khosrov (II) 222-238 ?Tiridates (IV) 238-252Artavasdes VI 252-279Khosrov II (or III) 279-287Tiridates (V) 287-298Tiridates III (or VI) 298-330Sanatruces IV 330 usurperKhosrov III (or IV) 330–338Tigranes VII 338-351Arsaces II (Arshak II) 351-367Papas (Pap) 367-374Varasdates (Varazdat) 374-378Vologases III (or IV) 378-386 co-ruler with Arsaces III (Arshak III)Arsaces III 378-389 co-ruler with Vologases III (or IV) & then Khosrov IV (or V)Khosrov IV (or V) 386-392 co-ruler with Arsaces III & then aloneVramshapuh 392-414Khosrov IV (or V) 414-416 againTigranes VIII 416 co-ruler with Arsaces IVArsaces IV 416 co-ruler with Tigranes VIIIShapur 416-420 later Shapur IV king of Iran son of Yazdegerd I Sassanid king of IranArtaxias IV (Artashir IV) 422-428 AD

Arsacids of Media 144 BC–232 ADVologases (Bagasha) 144-122 BC[1]

Arsaces 122-111[1]

Artaxerxes 111-97[1]

Artabanus 97-88[1]

Mithridates 88-67[1]

Darius 67-65[1]

Mithridates 65-55Orodes 55-50Pacorus 50-38 ?Tiridates c. 30-25 ?Mithridates 12-9 BC[2]

?Orodes c. 4-6 AD

Artabanus 9-12 AD....Vonones c. 45-51Pacorus 51-75 son of Vonones....Arsaces c. 136 AD ?Pacorus to 163 AD....Vologases to 208....Artabanus 213-226Pacorus from 226 AD son of Artabanus

Arsacids of Iberia 123 BC–c. 230 ADArsacid kings of IberiaRuler YearRev I 189 to 216Vache 216 to 234Bacurius I 234 to 249Mithridates II 249 to 265Amazaspus III 260 to 265Aspacures I 265 to 284

Arsacids of Arran 123 BC–c .490 ADVachagan I the BraveVache IUrnayrVachagan IIMirhavanSatoyAsayAswagenVacheVachagan III the Pious

Arsacids of Hyrcania c. 170 BC–c. 230 ADArsaces c. 165 BC son of Phraates IHimerus to 129 BCOtanes c. 70 BCArtabanus c. 9-40 ADGotarzes 40-51 AD

Kings of Sistan c. 20 –c. 240 ADMain Indo-Parthian rulersGondophares I (c. 20 BC - first years AD) CoinGondophares II Sarpedones (first years AD - c. 20 AD)CoinAbdagases I (first years AD - mid-1st cen. AD) CoinGondophares III Gadana, previously Orthagnes (c. 20 AD - 30 AD?)Gondophares IV Sases, previously Sases, (mid-1st cen. AD)Pacores (late 1st cen. AD) Coin

Kings of Merv & Abarshahr[3] c. 10 -c. 250 AD ? cont. with Phraates V ? cont. with Artabanus II ? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes ID... c. 50 ADPo... cont. with Vologases I

Sanabares c. 2nd half of the 1st cen. ADPacores c. 100 AD ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IVTiren cont. with Vologases IV ? cont. with Vologases IVArdashir c. 200 AD ? 1st half of the 3rd cen. ? 1st half of the 3rd cen. ? c. 250 AD

Kings of Persis[4] c.230 BC–c.210 ADName DateBaykard ?Baydad end of 3rd/ beg. of 2nd cen.

BCArdashir I 1st half of 2nd cen.Vahbarz 1st half of 2nd cen.Vadfradad I mid-2nd cen.Vadfradad II c. 140‘Unknown king I’ (Syknlt?)

2nd half of 2nd cen.

Darev I end of 2nd cen.Vadfradad III 1st half of 1st cen.Darev II 1st cen.Ardashir II 2nd half of 1st cen.Vahshir I 2nd half of 1st cen.Pakor I 1st half of 1st cen. ADPakor II 1st half of 1st cen.Nambed mid-1st cen.Napad 2nd half of 1st cen.‘Unknown king II’ end of 1st cen.Vadfradad IV 1st half of 2nd cen.Manchihr I 1st half of 2nd cen.Ardashir III 1st half of 2nd cen.Manchihr II mid-2nd cen.‘Unknown king III’ 2nd half of 2nd cen.Manchihr III 2nd half of 2nd cen.Ardashir IV end of 2nd cen.Vahshir II c. 206-210 ADShapur beg. of 3rd cen.

Rulers of HatraIn inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned. Other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors. They appear with two titles. The earlier rulers are calledmry´ (translation uncertain, perhaps administrator), the later ones mlk -king.Name Date1 Worod2 Ma’nu3 Elkud 155/156 AD4 Nashrihab 128/29 - 137/38 AD5 Naṣru 128/29 - 176/776 Wolgash I7 Sanatruq I 176/177 AD8 Wolgash (II?)

9 Abdsamiya 192/93 - 201/202 AD10

Sanatruq II 207/08 - 229/230 AD

Kings of Characene[21] c. 170 BC–c. 222 ADHyspaosines c. 127–122/121 BCApodakos c. 110/109-104/103 BCTiraios I 95/94-90/89 BCTiraios II 79/78-49/48 BCArtabazos 49/48-48/47 BCAttambelos I 47/46-25/24 BCTheonesios I c. 19/18 BCAttambalos II c. 17/16 BC - AD 8/9Abinergaos I 10/11; 22/23Orabazes I c. 19Attambalos III c. 37/38-44/45Theonesios II c. 46/47Theonesios III c. 52/53Attambalos IV 54/55-64/65Attambalos V 64/65-73/74Orabazes II c. 73-80Pakoros (II) 80-101/02 king of IranAttambalos VI c. 101/02-105/06Theonesios IV c. 110/11-112/113Attambalos VII 113/14-117Meredates c. 131-150/51 son of Pakoros (II) king of IranOrabazes III c. 150/151-165Abinergaios II (?) c. 165-180Attambalos VIII c. 180-195 (?)Maga (?) c. 195-210Abinergaos III c. 210-222

Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 ADAryu (132–127 BC)Abdu bar Maz'ur (127–120 BC)Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120–115 BC)Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115–112 BC)Bakru II bar Bakru (112–94 BC)Ma'nu I (94 BC)Abgar I Piqa (94–68 BC)Abgar II bar Abgar (68–52 BC)Ma'nu II (52–34 BC)Paqor (34–29 BC)Abgar III (29–26 BC)Abgar IV Sumaqa (26–23 BC)Ma'nu III Saphul (23–4 BC)Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC–7 AD)Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7–13 AD)Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13–50)Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50–57)Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57–71)Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71–91)Sanatruk (91–109)Abgar VII bar Ezad (109–116)Roman interregnum 116–118Yalur (118–122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates)Parthamaspates (118–123)Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123–139)

Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139–163)Wa'il bar Sahru (163–165)Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165–167)Abgar VIII (167–177)Abgar IX (the great) (177–212)Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212–214)Abgar (X) Severus Bar Abgar (IX) Rabo (214–216)Ma’nu (IX) Bar Abgar (X) Severus (216–242)Abgar (XI) Farhat Bar Ma’nu (IX) (242–244)

Kings of Adiabene c. 69 BC–c. 310 ADIzates I (c. 15 AD)Bazeus Monobazus I (20?–30?)Heleni (c. 30–58)Izates II bar Monobazus (c. 34–58)Vologases[disambiguation needed] (a Parthian rebel opposing Izates II) (c. 50)Monobazus II bar Monobazus (58 – middle of the 70s)Meharaspes (?–116)To the Roman Empire (116–117)Narsai of Adiabene (c. 170–200)Shahrat (Shahrad) (c. 220)To the Sassanid Empire (226–649)Ardashir II (344-376)Aphraates (c. 310)

Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC–c. 230 ADZarbenus until c. 69 BC. killed by Tigranes II

Achaemenid kings and rulers

UnattestedAchaemenes of PersiaThe epigraphic evidence for these rulers cannot be confirmed and are often considered to have been invented by Darius IAriaramnes of Persia, son of Teispes and co-ruler with Cyrus IArsames of Persia, son of Ariaramnes and co-ruler with Cambyses I

AttestedKing Reign (BCE)Teispes of Anshan 7th cen.Cyrus I Late 7th / early 6th cen.Cambyses I of Anshan Early 6th Cen.Cyrus II the Great c.550–530

Kings of Persia (529–359 BCE); Twenty-seventh dynasty of Egypt (525–399 BCE)King Reign (BCE)Cambyses II 529–522Bardiya (Smerdis) 522Darius I the Great 521–486Xerxes I the Great 485–465Artaxerxes I Longimanus 465–424Xerxes II 424Sogdianus 424–423Darius II of Persia 423–405

Artaxerxes II Mnemon 404–359Early in the reign of Artaxerxes II, in 399 BCE, the Persians lose control over Egypt. They regained control 57 years later – in 342 BCE – when Artaxerxes III conquered Egypt.Kings of Persia (358–330 BCE); Thirty-first dynasty of Egypt (342–332 BCE)King Reign (BCE)Artaxerxes III Ochus 358–338Artaxerxes IV Arses 338–336Darius III 336–330

Middle Iranian Empire, 247 BC–c. 670 ADName Began EndedArsacid dynasty,[20] 247 BC–228 ADTiridates I or Arsaces 247 BC 211 BCArsaces 211 BC 185 BC[21]

Phriapatius 185 BC 170 BC[21]

Phraates I 170 BC 167 BC[22]

Mithridates I 167 BC[22] 132 BC[23]

Phraates II 132 BC 127 BC[23]

Artabanus I 127 BC 126 BC[23]

Vologases (I)[23] 126 BC 122 BC[23]

Artabanus (II)[23] 122 BC 121 BCMithridates II 121 BC[24] 91 BCGotarzes I 91 BC 87 BCArtabanus (III)[22] 91 BC 77? BCMithridates (III)[23] 88 BC 67 BCOrodes I 80 BC 75 BCSanatruces I 77 BC 70 BC ? 77 BC 66 BCPhraates III 70 BC 57 BC ? 66 BC 63 BCMithridates III (or IV) 65 BC[22] 54 BCOrodes II 57 BC 38 BCPacorus I 50 BC 38 BCPhraates IV 38 2 BCTiridates II 30 BC 25 BCMithridates (V)[25] 12 BC 9 BCMusa 2 BC 4 ADPhraates V 2 BC 4 ADOrodes III 4 6Vonones I 8 12Artabanus II (or IV) 10 40Tiridates III 35 36Cinnamus 37 37Gotarzes II 40 – 51Vardanes I 40 46Vonones II c. 45 51Mithridates (VI)[26] 49 50Vologases I (or II) 51 77Vardanes II 55 58Vologases II (or III) 77 89/90Pacorus II 77 115Artabanus III (or V) 80 81Osroes I 89/90 130

Vologases III (or IV) 105 148Mithridates IV(or VII) 115 c. 145Parthamaspates 116 117Sanatruces II c. 145 c. 145Vologases IV (or V) 148 191Vologases V (or VI) 191 208Osroes II c. 190 c. 195Vologases VI (or VII) 208 228Artabanus IV (or VI) 213 226Tiridates IV[28] 217 222Sassanid dynasty, 224-c. 670 ADArdashir I 28 April 224 Sept. 241Shapur I 12 April 240 April 273Hormizd I April 273 April 274Bahram I April 274 July 277Bahram II July 277 293Bahram III 293 293Narseh I 293 302Hormizd II 302 feb. 310Narseh II Feb. 310 March 310Shapur II March 310 379Ardashir II 379 383Shapur III 383 Dec. 388Bahram IV Dec. 388 399Yazdegerd I 399 21 January 421Shapur IV Feb. 421 Feb. 421Bahram V 421 20 June 439Yazdegerd II 20 June 439 15 December 456Hormizd III 457 459Peroz I 457 Jan. 484Balash Feb. 484 488Kavadh I 488 496Djamasp 496 498Kavadh I 498 13 September 531Khosrau I 13 September

53131 January 579

Hormizd IV 31 January 579 5 September 590Khosrau II Sept. 590 Sept. 590Bahram VI Sept. 590 Jan. 591Khosrau II Jan. 591 25 February 628Vistahm 592 596Hormizd V ?593 ?593Kavadh II 25 February 628 15 September 628Ardashir III 15 September

62827 April 630

Farrokhan 27 April 630 9 June 630Khosrau III May 630 after July 635Boran June 630 Oct. 631Peroz II Oct. 631 Dec. 631Khosrau IV Dec. 631 Dec. 631Azarmidokht Dec. 631 April 632Hormizd VI April 632 after July 633Khosrau V April 632 Oct. 632Yazdegerd III Oct. 632 652Peroz III 652 after 670

Kings of Rome (753 BC – 509 BC)Name King From King UntilRomulusREX ROMVLVS

753 BC 716 BC

Numa PompiliusREX NVMA POMPILIVS

715 BC 674 BC

Tullus HostiliusREX TVLLVS HOSTILIVS

673 BC 642 BC

Ancus MarciusREX ANCVS MARCIVS

641 BC 617 BC

Lucius Tarquinius PriscusREX LVCIVS TARQVINIVS PRISCVS

616 BC 579 BC

Servius TulliusREX SERVIVS TVLLIVS

578 BC 535 BC

Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusREX LVCIVS TARQVINIVS SVPERBVS

534 BC 509 BC

Rashidun Caliphs (632–661)Abu Bakr - 632–634Umar ibn al-Khattab - 634–644Uthman ibn Affan - 644–656Ali ibn Abi Talib - 656–661Hasan ibn Ali - 661

Umayyad Caliphs (661–750/1031)

Caliphs of Damascus (661–750)Muawiyah I - 661–680 (Founder of the Umayyad dynasty).Yazid I - 680–683Muawiyah II - 683–684Marwan I - 684–685Abd al-Malik - 685–705Al-Walid I - 705–715Sulayman - 715–717Umar II - 717–720 (Sometimes considered, honorifically as the fifth of the Rashidun).Yazid II - 720–724Hisham - 724–743Al-Walid II - 743–744Yazid III - 744Ibrahim - 744Marwan II - 744–750

Emirs of Córdoba (756–929)Abd ar-Rahman I - 756–788Hisham I - 788–796al-Hakam I - 796–822Abd ar-Rahman II - 822–852Muhammad I - 852–886al-Mundhir - 886–888Abdallah ibn Muhammad - 888–912Abd-ar-Rahman III - 912–929 (Declared himself Caliph)

Caliphs of Córdoba (929–1031)

Abd-ar-Rahman III - 929–961Al-Hakam II - 961–976Hisham II al-Hakam - 976–1009Muhammad II - 1009Sulayman ibn al-Hakam - 1009–1010Hisham II al-Hakam, restored - 1010–1013Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, restored - 1013–1016Abd ar-Rahman IV - 1021–1022Abd ar-Rahman V - 1022–1023Muhammad III - 1023–1024Hisham III - 1027–1031

Abbasid Caliphs (750–1258/1517)

Caliphs of Baghdad (750–1258)As-Saffah - 750–754 (Founder of the Abbasid dynasty).Al-Mansur - 754–775Al-Mahdi - 775–785Al-Hadi - 785–786Harun al-Rashid - 786–809Al-Amin - 809–813Al-Ma'mun - 813–833Al-Mu'tasim - 833–842Al-Wathiq - 842–847Al-Mutawakkil - 847–861Al-Muntasir - 861–862Al-Musta'in - 862–866Al-Mu'tazz - 866–869Al-Muhtadi - 869–870Al-Mu'tamid - 870–892Al-Mu'tadid - 892–902Al-Muktafi - 902–908Al-Muqtadir - 908–932Al-Qahir - 932–934Ar-Radi - 934–940Al-Muttaqi - 940–944Al-Mustakfi - 944–946Al-Muti - 946–974At-Ta'i - 974–991Al-Qadir - 991–1031Al-Qa'im - 1031–1075Al-Muqtadi - 1075–1094Al-Mustazhir - 1094–1118Al-Mustarshid - 1118–1135Ar-Rashid - 1135–1136Al-Muqtafi - 1136–1160Al-Mustanjid - 1160–1170Al-Mustadi - 1170–1180An-Nasir - 1180–1225Az-Zahir - 1225–1226Al-Mustansir - 1226–1242Al-Musta'sim - 1242–1258 (last Abbasid Caliph at Baghdad)(During the latter period of Abbasid rule, Muslim rulers began using other titles, such as Sultan).

Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)Al-Mustansir II - 1261–1262Al-Hakim I - 1262–1302Al-Mustakfi I - 1302–1340

Al-Hakim II - 1341–1352Al-Mu'tadid I - 1352–1362Al-Mutawakkil I - 1362–1383Al-Wathiq II - 1383–1386Al-Mu'tasim - 1386–1389Al-Mutawakkil I (restored) - 1389–1406Al-Musta'in - 1406–1414Al-Mu'tadid II - 1414–1441Al-Mustakfi II - 1441–1451Al-Qa'im - 1451–1455Al-Mustanjid - 1455–1479Al-Mutawakkil II - 1479–1497Al-Mustamsik - 1497–1508Al-Mutawakkil III - 1508–1517 (surrendered the title to Selim I, below)

Other Caliphates (910–1269)

Fatimid Caliphs (910–1171)Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah - 910–934 (Founder of the Fatimid dynasty).Muhammad al-Qa'im Bi-Amrillah - 934–946Ismail al-Mansur - 946–953Al-Muizz Lideenillah - 953–975 (Egypt is conquered during his reign).Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah - 975–996Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah - 996–1021Ali az-Zahir - 1021–1036Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah - 1036–1094Al-Musta'li - 1094–1101 (Quarrels over his succession led to the Nizari split).Al-Amir - 1101–1130 (The Fatimid rulers of Egypt after him are not recognized as Imams by Mustaali Taiyabi Ismailis).al-Hafiz - 1130–1149al-Zafir - 1149–1154Al-Faiz - 1154–1160Al-Azid - 1160–1171

Almohad Caliphs (1145–1269)Abd al-Mu'min - 1145–1163Abu Yaqub Yusuf I - 1163–1184Yaqub al-Mansur - 1184–1199Muhammad an-Nasir - 1199–1213Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II - 1213–1224Abd al-Wahid I - 1224Abdallah al-Adil 1224–1227Yahya - 1227–1235Idris I - 1227–1232Abdul-Wahid II - 1232–1242Ali - 1242–1248Umar - 1248–1266Idris II - 1266–1269

List of rulers of TexcocoTlatoaniQuinatzin TlaltecatzinTechotlalatzinIxtlilxochitl Ome Tochtli

Nezahualcoyotl Acolmiztli4 Reed (1431)[1] – 6 Flint(1472)[2]

Nezahualpilli6 Flint (1472)[2] – 10 Reed(1515)[3]

Cacamatzin11 Flint (1516)[3] – 2 Flint(1520)[4]

List of Tenochtitlan rulersTlatoaniAcamapichtli 1376 – 1395Huitzilihuitl Five Snake (22 January)3 Reed (1396) – 1 Reed (1417)Chimalpopoca 3 Serpent (21 July)1 Reed (1417) – 12 Rabbit (1427)Itzcoatl 13 Water (22 June)13 Reed (1427) – 13 Flint (1440)Montezuma I 3 Serpent (22 May)13 Flint (1440) – 3 house (1469)Axayacatl 2 Rain (2 August)3 House (1469) – 2 House (1481)Tizoc 6 Vulture (2 June)2 House (1481) – 7 Rabbit (1486)Ahuitzotl 10 Rabbit (15 April)7 Rabbit (1486) – 10 Rabbit (1502)Montezuma II 9 Deer (14 April)10 Rabbit (1502) – 2 Flint (1520)Cuitlahuac 5/8 Wind (16 September)2 Flint (1520)Cuauhtemoc Izcalli/February3 House (1521) – 7 House (1525)

Pre-Conquest Sapa IncasFirst dynastySapa IncaManco Cápac c. 1200 CE – c. 1230Sinchi Roca c. 1230 – c. 1260Lloque Yupanqui c. 1260 – c. 1290Mayta Cápac c. 1290 – c. 1320Cápac Yupanqui c. 1320 – c. 1350As a rough guide to the later reputation of the early Sapa Incas, in later years capac meant warlord and sinchi meant leader.

Second dynastySapa IncaInca Roca c. 1350 – c. 1380Yáhuar Huácac c. 1380 – c. 1410Viracocha c. 1410–1438Pachacuti 1438–1471Túpac Inca Yupanqui 1471–1493Huayna Capac 1493–1527Ninan Cuyochi 1527Huáscar 1527–1532Atahualpa 1532–1533

Post-Conquest Sapa IncasSapa Inca

Túpac Huallpa 1533Manco Inca Yupanqui 1533 - 1544Paullu Inca 1536 - 1549Sayri Túpac 1544 - 1560Titu Cusi 1560 - 1571Túpac Amaru 1571 - 1572

Buyid Empire, 933–1062 ADThrone Name Original Name Begun EndedDiylamids of Fars, 933–1062 ADEmad od-Dowleh Ali 933 949Azad od-Dowleh Panah

Khosrow949 982

Sharaf od-Dowleh Shirdel 982 989Shams od-Dowleh 989 989Samsam od-Dowleh Marzban 989 998Nur od-Dowleh Salar 998 999Baha' od-Dowleh Firuz 999 1012Soltan od-Dowleh 1012 1024Qavam od-Dowleh Shirdel 1024 1026Emad od-Din Marzban 1026 1048

Fuladsotun 1048 1048Malek or-Rahim Khosrow Firuz 1048 1050

Fuladsotun 1050 1051Khosrow Shah 1051 1053Fuladsotun 1053 1062

Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan, 935–c. 1038 ADRokn od-Dowleh Hasan 935 976Mo'ayyed od-Dowleh

Buyeh 976 983

Fakhr od-Dowleh Ali 976 997Majd od-Dowleh Rostam 997 1029Shams od-Dowleh Shah Khosrow 997 1021Sama' od-Dowleh Ali 1021 1023

Panah Khosrow

c. 1036 c. 1038

Diylamids of Iraq and Khuzistan, 945–c. 1055 ADMo'ez od-Dowleh Ahmad 945 966Izz od-Dowleh Bakhtiar 966 977Azad od-Dowleh Panah

Khosrow977 982

Samsam od-Dowleh Marzban 982 986Sharaf od-Dowleh Shirdel 986 989Baha' od-Dowleh Firuz 989 1012Soltan od-Dowleh 1012 1021Mosharraf od-Dowleh

Hasan 1021 1025

Jalal od-Dowleh Shirdel (or Firuz Khosrow)

1025 1025

Emad od-Din Marzban 1025 1027Jalal od-Dowleh Shirdel (or

Firuz Khosrow)1027 1043

Emad od-Din Marzban 1043 1048Malek or-Rahim Khosrow Firuz 1048 1055

Seljuq leaders

Rulers of the Seljuq DynastyTitular Name(s) Personal Name ReignBey Tughril 1016-1063

Sultan Alp Arslan 1063-1072

Sultan Jalāl al-Dawlah

Malik Shah I 1072-1092

Sultan Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din

Mahmud bin Malik Shah

1092-1094

Sultan Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din

Barkiyaruq bin Malik Shah

1094–1105

Sultan Muizz al-Din

Malik Shah II 1105

Sultan Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din

Muhammad Tapar

1105-1118

Sultan Muizz al-Din

*Ahmad Sanjar 1118–1153

Seljuq sultans of HamadanMahmud II 1118–11311131-1134 - DisputedDawudMas'ud (in Jibal and Iranian Azerbaijan) 1131Toghrul II 1132–1134Mas'ud 1133–1152Malik Shah III 1152–1153Muhammad IISuleiman Shah 1160–1161Arslan Shah 1161–1174Toghrul III 1174–1194

Seljuq rulers of KermanKerman was a province in southern Persia. Between 1053 and 1154, the territory also included Umman.Qawurd 1041–1073Kerman Shah 1073–1074Sultan Shah 1074–1075Hussain Omar 1075–1084Turan Shah I 1084–1096Iran Shah 1096–1101Arslan Shah I 1101–1142Mehmed I (Muhammad) 1142–1156Toğrül Shah 1156–1169Bahram Shah 1169–1174Arslan Shah II 1174–1176Turan Shah II 1176–1183Muhammad Shah 1183–1187

Seljuq rulers in SyriaAbu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1085–1086Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah I of Great Seljuq 1086–1087

Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1087–1094Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (second time) 1094–1095Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan 1095–1113Tadj ad-Dawla Alp Arslan al-Akhras 1113–1114Sultan Shah 1114–1123To the ArtuqidsSultans/Emirs of Damascus:Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076–1079Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079–1095Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095–1104Tutush II 1104Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104

Seljuq sultans of Rum (Anatolia)Kutalmish 1060–1077Suleyman I (Suleiman) 1077–1086Dawud Kilij Arslan I 1092–1107Malik Shah 1107–1116Rukn ad-Din Mesud I 1116–1156Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156–1192Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I 1192–1196Suleyman II (Suleiman) 1196–1204Kilij Arslan III 1204–1205Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw I (second time) 1205–1211Izz ad-Din Kaykaus I 1211–1220Ala ad-Din Kayqubad I 1220–1237Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw II 1237–1246Izz ad-Din Kaykaus II 1246–1260Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248–1265Ala ad-Din Kayqubad II 1249–1257Ghiyath ad-Din Kaykhusraw III 1265–1282Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II 1282–1284Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III 1284Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (second time) 1284–1293Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (second time) 1293–1294Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (third time) 1294–1301Ala ad-Din Kayqubad III (third time) 1301–1303Ghiyath ad-Din Mesud II (fourth time) 1303–1307

Throne Name Original Name Began EndedKhwārazm-Shāh Empire, 1153–1231Atsiz 1153 1156Il-Arslan 1156 1172Soltanshah Mahmud 1172 1193Tekish 1172 1200Mohammad 1200 1221Mingburnu 1220 1231

Great Khans of the Mongol EmpireGenghis Khan (1206–1227)Tolui (regent) (1227–1229)Ögedei Khan (1229–1241)Töregene Khatun (regent) (1243–1246)Güyük Khan (1246–1248)Oghul Qaimish (regent) (1248–1251)Möngke Khan (1251–1259)