HUM 2461Humanities of Latin

America

SFC Fall 2013Week 6

Today’s AgendaDay 11

• Attendance• South American Civilization:

The Incas1. Religion (Day 10)2. Architecture (Day 11)

• 2nd Assignment due on week 7• Pop Quiz

Attendance

Inca Civilization

Cultural periods1150 – 1493 CE

TIMELINE FOR THE INCA CIVILIZATION

Pacha (world/realm)

Religion/Cosmology

INCAS

Expansion1438Inca

Pachacutec

TAWANTINSUYO

Tawantinsuyofour cardinal points

Four Suyos (side/location):1. Collasuyo (S)2. Chinchaysuyo (N) 3. Contisuyo (SW)4. Antisuyo (NE)

Inti = sun

Inca Architecture (1)1. It is widely known for its fine masonry, which features

precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted without mortar.

2. Rectangular building without any internal walls and roofed with wooden beams and thatch.

3. Two-story buildings were infrequent.

4. Wall apertures, including doors, niches and windows, usually had a trapezoidal shape.

5. Other kinds of decoration were scarce.

6. Rectangular buildings were used for quite different functions in almost all Inca buildings, from humble houses to palaces and temples…

Trapezoidal Shape

Trapezoidal Windows

Gabled Roofs

Storehouses qollqa: Gabled Roofs

Inca Architecture (2)6. The most common composite form in Inca

architecture was the kancha.

7. Testimonies of this type of architecture are:

… Cuzco (Qusqu'Qosqo) consisted of large kancha.

--- The Temple of the Sun (Qorikancha) and the Inca palaces.

… Ollantaytambo (near Cusco: Urubamba river).

--- Temple of the Sun and The Mañacaray or Royal Hall.

--- The Incahuatana and The Baños de la Princesa (Princess’ tub baths)

Lintel and double jamb

Lintel

Jamb

Population

Debates about the number of people inhabiting Tawantinsuyu at its peak.

As few as 4 million people, to more than 37 million.

The reason for these various estimates is that in spite of the fact that the Inca kept excellent census records using their quipu.

Quipu

Ollantaytambo (La Fortaleza/The Fortress)

Top of La Fortaleza

Precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted

without mortar.

Wiracochan / Tunupa

The messenger ofViracocha

Wall of Six monoliths

Pedro Cieza de León"For as is well known to all, not a single village of the highlands or the plains failed to pay the tribute levied on it by those who were in charge of these matters. There were even provinces where, when the natives alleged that they were unable to pay their tribute, the Inca ordered that each inhabitant should be obliged to turn in every four months a large quill full of live lice, which was the Inca's way of teaching and accustoming them to pay tribute”

The bath of the Princess

Chakana

Machu Picchu• Pachacutec (Pachacuti) built Cuzco and Machu Picchu

in 1438.• Means old mountain.• Ancients work systems:1. Minca2. Mita3. Ayni

MINKA

Machu Picchu

Terraced structures

Agricultural sector

Residential area: gabled roofs

Interior of a house / windows

Temple of the Sun or Torreon

Intihuatana / Inti watana

HUATA TO TIE UP, TO HICH & NA is a suffix for TOOL or PLACE

In the Sun Temple

1400-1700 CE

The Inca Civilization

2nd Assigment Week 5: HW#4 (1-15)

due on week 7.

Points off if HW is not typed

Pop Quiz