HUMAN ACTIVITIES

AND

BIOGEOGRAPHY

ANI MARDIASTUTI

Human Influence

Human colonization

Harvest flora and fauna

Introduction of new species

Reintroduction

Competition with indigenous human / flora / fauna

Impact : Failure of colonization

Coexistence

Extirpation of indigenous human/flora/fauna

Human Colonization

Cases

Americans vs. First Nations (“Indian”)

Australians vs. Aborigins

Related to human colonization

Impact :

Decrease or extinction of some species, esp. endemic species

Habitat degradation

Community change

Harvest of Flora and Fauna

Cases : Extinction

Passenger Pigeon

Birds of Hawaii

Human : the intelligent creature

Animal Extinction Since 1600

Taxon Island Continents

Birds 97 20

Molluscs 151 40

Mammals 34 24

Reptiles 22 1

Amphibians 0 2

Insects 51 10

Total 355 97

Habitat Degradation

Community Change

Introduction of New Species

Sentimental reason European Starling

Water hyacinth

Production Eucalyptus

Ostrich

Long-tailed Macaques

Various domesticated species

“Control” of pest Mongoose in Hawaii

Dingo in Australia

Why introduce species ?

“Exotic species” , “alien species”

Starting time ? Since when ?

Introduced Species

Domesticated Plants & Animals

Criteria of indigenous species

and alien species ?

Alien species around us

Floriculture species

Horticulture

Aquaria

Agriculture

Pets

Sylviculture

Estate crops

Trends

Usually ok if NON-INVASIVE

Global Problem : Invasive Alien Species

Indigenous Species decrease or extinct

Carp vs. trout in US rivers

Cause problems to human

Water hyacinth (eceng gondok)

Keong emas

Alien sp.

Alien Species sometimes lead to transmission of new disease and new pests

Some diseases zoonosis

Kutu loncat

New Castle Disease

Avian influenza (Flu burung)

Anthrax

Case in Indonesia

Reintroduction

Try to “fix” ecosystem

Cases :

Moose in Michigan

Bali Starling in Bali

Biogeography vs. Globalization ?