human anatomy chapter 1 lecture chapter 7 the skeletal system: appendicular division chapter 7...
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HUMAN ANATOMY
Chapter 1 Lecture
Chapter 7The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division
Chapter 7 Lecture
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Introduction
• The appendicular skeleton is involved in changing your position in the external environment. – Standing– Walking– Sitting– Dressing– Driving a car
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Figure 7.1 The Appendicular Skeleton
Introduction
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The Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb
• Includes the S-shaped clavicle (collarbone) and the flattened scapula (shoulder blade).
• The clavicle articulates with the sternum’s manubrium; is the only direct connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle.
• The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton; instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.
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Figure 7.3 The Clavicle
The Clavicle
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Figure 7.5a,b,c The Scapula
The Scapula
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Figure 7.5d,e,f The Scapula
The Scapula
supraspinous fossasuperior bordersubscapular fossaacromioncoracoid processglenoid fossaspinemedial borderinfraspinous fossalateral borderinferior angleinfraglenoid tuberclesupraglenoid tubercle
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The Upper Limb
• Consists of the:– Brachium (humerus)– Antebrachium (ulna and radius)– Wrist (carpals)– Hand (metacarpals and phalanges)
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Figure 7.6a The Anterior Humerus
The Humerus: Anterior
HumerusHeadmedial epicondyleanatomical necksurgical neckolecranon fossalateral epicondyleCapitulumgreater tubercleTrochlealesser tuberclecoronoid fossadeltoid tuberosityintertubercular groove
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Figure 7.6d The Posterior Humerus
The Humerus: Posterior
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Figure 7.7a The Posterior Forearm
The Ulna and Radius: Posterior
UlnaOlecranonstyloid processtrochlear notchcoronoid processradial notch
RadiusHeadRadial tuberositystyloid processulnar notch
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Figure 7.7d The Anterior Forearm
The Ulna and Radius: Anterior
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The Wrist and Hand
• The carpal bones are the eight bones of the wrist.
• The five metacarpal bones articulate with the distal carpal bones and make up the palm of the hand.
• The fourteen phalanges of the hand make up the finger bones.
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Hand
• SLTPTTCH
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The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower viscera and developing fetus in females.
• The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are much more massive than their homologues of the upper limb.
• Consists of two ossa coxae bones. • The lower limb includes the thigh (femur),
kneecap (patella), leg, (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsals), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges).
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Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle
The Pelvic Girdle
Iliumiliac crestauricular surfacegreater sciatic notchiliac fossaanterior superior iliac spineposterior superior iliac spineposterior inferior iliac spineanterior inferior iliac spine
Ischiumischial spineischial ramusischial tuberosity
Pubissuperior ramusinferior ramussymphysis pubispubic tubercle
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Figure 7.10b Medial Pelvic Girdle
The Pelvic Girdle
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Figure 7.11a Anterior Pelvis Figure 7.11b Posterior Pelvis
The Pelvis
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Figure 7.12a Superior Pelvis Figure 7.12c Inferior Pelvis
The Pelvis
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The Pelvis: Male vs. Female
• The male and female pelvis contains numerous differences.– Generally the male pelvis is heavier with more
prominent markings due to the larger muscles attached to it.
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The Pelvis: Male vs. Female
• Characteristics of the female pelvis:– Enlarged pelvic outlet, due to wider ischial spines– Less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx– Wider, more circular pelvic inlet– Broader, lower pelvis– Widely fanning ilia– Pubic angle greater than 100°
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Figure 7.14a The Anterior Femur
The Femur: Anterior
FemurHeadNeckgreater trochanterlesser trochanterintercondylar fossapatellar surfacelinea asperafovea capitismedial condylelateral condyleintertrochanteric lineintertrochanteric crest
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Figure 7.14d The Posterior Femur
The Femur: Posterior
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Figure 7.15 The Patella
The Patella
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Figure 7.16a The Anterior Tibia and Fibula
The Tibia and Fibula: Anterior
Tibialateral condylemedial condyletibial tuberosityintercondylar eminencemedial malleolusfibular notch
FibulaHeadlateral malleolusshaft
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Figure 7.16d The Posterior Tibia and Fibula
The Tibia and Fibula: Posterior
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The Ankle and Foot
• Seven tarsal bones make up the ankle. • The five metatarsal bones articulate with
the distal tarsal bones and make up the arches of the foot.
• The fourteen phalanges of the foot make up the toe bones.
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Foot
TarsalsTalusCalcaneusCuboidnavicularcuneiforms - 1st, 2nd, 3rd
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3 Arches