human capital in e-economy: gts － ic 2 model professor carol yeh-yun lin dept. of business...

Human Capital in e-Economy:GTS － IC2 Model

Professor Carol Yeh-Yun LinDept. of Business Administration

National Chengchi UniveristyTaiwan Intellectual Capital Research Center (TICRC)

January 13, 2011

Carol Y.Y. Lin. NCCU Taiwan

Outline

• Macro environment impact of e-economy• Human capital as the contributor to national

economic development• The influence of information technology • GTS- IC2 Model• Practices in Taiwan• Actions and challenges


Major impact of e-Economy:business perspective (1)

• reduces the economic impact of distance and the cost of access to information, thus increasing the scope for competition within markets.

• does away with repetitive jobs often carried out by workers with low-level skills.

• tends to lower the cost of setting up small enterprises thus, potentially, providing for additional competition.

• creates the opportunity for new cooperative means of product and service delivery, which can lead to improved quality and cost efficiency.

• gives rise to many new products and services. http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/n26040_en.htm


Major Impact of e-Economy:business perspective (2)

• ICT development is one of the key measures for securing employability, or employment strategy

• ICT skills gap is a major risk hampering further growth in any nation.

• The 2002 Lisbon strategy placed greater emphasis on the knowledge-based society and launched the eEurope 2002 Action Plan as a roadmap to modernise the European economy.


eEurope 2002 Action Plan

• The eEurope 2002 Action Plan is an integral part of the Lisbon strategy for making the European Union the world's most dynamic knowledge-based economy by 2010.

• Three key objectives:– a cheaper, faster and secure Internet– investing in people and skills– stimulate the use of the Internet

http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/l24226a_en.htm


Major Impact of e-Economy:learning perspective (1)

• In 2009, 44 % of post-secondary students in the USA were taking some or all of their courses online, and projected that this figure would rise to 81 % by 2014

• Properly trained staff must also be hired to work with students on-line. These staff members need to understand the content area, and also be highly trained in the use of the computer and Internet

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning)


Major Impact of e-Economy:learning perspective (2)

National level:•e-Economy e-Learning required skills combination human capital national competitivenessCompany level:•e-Economy e-Learning company core competency human capital organizational competitivenessIndividual level:•e-Economy e-Learning individual core competency job opportunity individual competitiveness life-long employability


Intangible asset indicators and ranking of country cluster by world organization

Education expenditure (#/%)

PISA science (#/score)

PISA math. (#/score)

PISA reading (#/score)

e-Readiness (#/score)

Global competitive-ness (#/score)

Japan 42/3.9 3/531 6/523 11/498 18/8.08 8/5.37

Korea 36/4.2 7/522 1/547 1/556 15/8.34 19/5

Taiwan 39/4 3/532 1/549 12/496 19/8.05 12/5.2

Malaysia 18/5.7 - - - 34/6.16 24/4.87

Thailand 32/4.4 44/421 43/417 41/417 47/5.22 36/4.56

References:Education expenditure - ranking/% of education expenditure, from “2009 IMD world competitiveness yearbook”.PISA ranking/score –OECD international assessment of student science, math and reading performance ranking based on 57 countries and actual scores, OECD international assessment of student performance (PISA). http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/13/39725224.pdf .E-readiness ranking out of 70 countries (2008) by the Economist Intelligence Unit. http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-readiness#Economist_Intelligence_Unit_e-readiness_rankings.Global competitiveness out of 133 countries, The global competitiveness report 2009-2010. http://www.weforum.org/pdf/GCR09/GCR20092010fullreport.pdf. Carol Y.Y. Lin. NCCU Taiwan

Human capital as the contributor to national economic development


The influence of information technology

• Hardware and software GDP per capital (PPP)

• Hardware and software intellectual capital• Hardware and software human capital


Variables of intellectual capital (IC)

Human Capital indexMarket capital index

•Skilled labor* •Corporate tax*

•Employee training* •Cross-border venture*

•Literacy rate •Openness of culture*

•Higher education enrollment •Globalization*

•Pupil-teacher ratio •Transparency*

•Internet subscribers •Image of country*

•Public expenditure on education •Exports of goods

Process capital index Renewal capital index

•Business competition environment* •Business R&D spending

•Government efficiency* •Basic research*

•Intellectual property rights protection* •R&D spending/GDP

•Capital availability* •R&D researchers

•Computers in use per capita•Cooperation between universities and enterprises*

•Convenience of establishing new firms* •Scientific articles

•Mobile phone subscribers •Patents per capita (USPTO + EPO)Remarks: Financial capital is the logarithm of GDP per capita adjusted by purchasing power parity.Variables marked with an asterisk are rated qualitatively using a scale of 1–10.


What are the messages?

• Number of computer (hardware) is highly correlated with GDP per capita (ppp), national intellectual capital, and human capital

• Internet users (software) is highly correlated with human capital, yet the correlation is not that high with GDP per capita (ppp) and national intellectual capital

• The soft power transferring to GDP per capita (ppp) and national intellectual capital can be further explored


Providers End Users Students Government

Resource providers & evaluator Teachers

Contents providers transmitters

1. Policies 2. Money 3. Manpower 4. Other resources 5. Evaluator

Work with: 1. Textbook writers 2. Contents developers 3. Publishers 4. Teachers’ association 5. Parents 6. Alumni 7. Other supporters

Work with: 1. IT specialists 2. Educational media specialists 3. Alumni 4. Students 5. Other supporters

1. Learning motivation 2. Learning performance 3. appreciation

Innovative Collaboration

Intellectual

Capital

GTS － IC2 ModelGovernment + Teachers + Students –

Innovative Collaboration x Intellectual Capital


Practices in Taiwan

Taiwan SME Online University


Taiwan SME Online University the First one in Asia

Taiwan’s SME Online University has been recognized as the first e-learning website developed for small and medium enterprises (SME) in Asia. Boasting more than 800 free online courses in five major categories, the SME Online University has served over 300,000 SME employers and employees since its launch in 2003. Traffic to the site has climbed steadily, with 6 million visitors and an average of 32 minutes per visit as of the middle of 2008.

The learning at the SME Online University is free.In addition to the courses, there are many learning facilities and services for the online learning students as well as a physical university


Development History


The Most Cost-effective Training Platform Available for 6 Million People


Over 800 Locally Developed Online Courses offered by the University


Taiwan SME Online University ： 100% Government-funded Program


One-stop Shopping Brand Identity


Expanding to 1000 Courses

SME Online University is expanding the number of available courses to more than 1,000 and is developing intelligent navigation aids to help learners set up their own learning program.

Each college has been required to design set courses to help guide them through a more meaningful study program.

In addition to online courses, other materials are being added to the e-learning portal. Members can download audio book reviews on more than 250 current management related titles.


Customized e-Learning Programs for Individual SME

• customize enterprise learning programs to meet the training requirements of individual SMEs

• small business owners can select courses from SME Online University that best serves their individual needs

• small business owners can seek assistance from one of the 50 e-learning consultants recruited by this project.

• Upon receiving a request by an SME, this project dispatches a consultant to the company to help them define their training needs

• The consultant creates a virtual learning platform for the company according to their defined needs, uploading the selected courses to this virtual platform.

• The business owner or their personnel management officer can monitor the progress of the learning tasks for their employees through this platform.


Adopting Emerging Learning Technology

SME Administration keeps a close eye on e-learning technology developments. To tap into the learning opportunities afforded by widely used hand-held devices such as mobile phones and MP3 players, this project has developed a series of “portable courses” to be introduced in 2009. When portable courses are downloaded to the hand-held device, users can use the course materials even when offline from the Internet. The portable courses give learners extra freedom to continue their learning and will be an important part of future course development.

In order to prevent the illegal copying of the portable course content, this project has introduced a digital rights management system. The systems controls and monitors the use of the licensed courses, ensuring that they are used by authorized users only.


Focus on Interactivity among Learners and Teachers

Current network environment and software allow teachers and students engage real-time communication on internet. In order to avoid the boredom that e-learning student might encounter, the Taiwan SME Online University features the high interactivities among teachers and students.

For instance, students can know who is taking the same course when he or she signs on and can chat after the classmate confirms the chat request. This function when applied to the e-learning context creates a more social and relaxed learning environment.

Tutors in different disciplines are available online during pre-announced time periods to answer questions raised by students via the University’s platform. Students can also host discussions on certain subjects and engage in other community-related activities.


Actions and Challenges: for policy makers

• Use public data and read the world trend of human capital development

• Benchmark and strategize for goal achievement• Compare with neighboring countries• Invest in human capital and intellectual capital

development• Strengthen efforts not only in the area of technology, b

ut also with regard to related socio-economic issues and to the effects on human resources

• Match resources and needs and enable schools to develop new partnerships to support their new and wider role


Actions and Challenges: for school board members

• Starting from school children, enhance the ICT skills levels needed to participate effectively in the e-Economy

• Set up "Technology and Education" laboratory to promote the use of ICT

• Exchange best practices to help disadvantaged people learn about ICT and the exploitation of know-how in this field

• Focus on the training of teachers and trainers in the use of digital technologies

• Create appropriate conditions for the development of content, services and learning which are sufficiently advanced and relevant to education

• Adapt school curricula to incorporate new ways of learning and the use of information and communication technologies

http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/other/c11050_en.htm, http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/education_training_youth/general_framework/c11049_en.htm


Actions and Challenges: for teachers

• Collaborate with contents developer, educational media specialist and technology provider.

• Open to new and innovative types of learning• Conduct continuous self-renewal• Leverage external resources, including

parents, alumni, and even students• Educate our younger generation to educate

themselves through learning technologyCarol Y.Y. Lin. NCCU Taiwan

Thank you for your attention!

www.nic40.org


human capital in e-economy: gts － ic 2 model professor carol yeh-yun lin dept. of business...

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