• 1/5 Focus: – Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism were

the primary reasons for the outbreak of WWI and allowed for a local incident in the Balkans to become a global war.

– Industrialization and new technologies made the weapons much more destructive and contributed to great human and economic losses during WWI

• Important Terms: – Repartitions

• Do Now:– What was one new type of weapon developed

during WWI?

*Global II Midterm-1/

WWI: Aftermath

Human Costs of the War• Huge causalities on

all sides– Over 8.5 million

people killed – 17 million wounded

Human Costs of the War• Famine in Europe • Disease– Influenza outbreak

spread through trenches in 1918

– Returning soldiers spread the disease

– 50 million people died from influenza outbreak worldwide

Human Costs of the War• Led to a sense

of disillusionment about progress of humanity– Reflected in art

and literature

Economic Costs of the War

• Factories, farms, and homes destroyed in France, Russia, and Belgium

• Nations had huge war debts– War estimated to have

cost $332 billion• Allies made Central

Powers pay reparations – Payments for war

damages they caused

• 1/6 Focus: – The Treaty of Versailles, which formally

ended WWI, did not resolve the issues that led to the outbreak of WWI and would eventually contribute to the start of WWII.

• Important Terms: – Self Determination

• Do Now:– Identify one economic impact of WWI.

*Global II Midterm-1/28

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points

• Plan to end conflicts which led to the outbreak of the War– proposed by U.S.

President Woodrow Wilson– Stressed importance of

self determination, freedom of seas, and reduction of military spending

– Called for the creation of a world organization to promote peace and prevent future wars

The Treaty of Versailles • Treaty which formally ended the

war – Meeting held outside Paris,

France– Signed on June 28, 1919

• Partially based on Wilson’s 14 points

• The United States, France, and Great Britain dominated the meeting – “The Big Three”

• Woodrow Wilson (U.S) • George Clemenceau

(France)• David Lloyd George (Great

Britain)

The Treaty of Versailles • Goals of the British and

French – Punish Germany – Make sure Germany

would never again be a threat

• Goals of the United States– Promote self

determination• People choosing their own

governments– Creation of the League of

Nations

The Treaty of Versailles • Germany had to

accept responsibility for the war– Germany forced to

pay for war damages

The Treaty of Versailles• Germany lost land– led to the creation

of new countries from German territory • Czechoslovakia• Poland

– Lost overseas colonies

The Treaty of Versailles• Germany forced

force to destroy all offensive military equipment – Limited size of

German military– German troops

were banned from the border with France (Rhineland)

The Treaty of Versailles• Led to economic

hardship in Germany

The Treaty of Versailles• Treaty created a

great deal of resentment in Germany– Britain and

France looked out for themselves

– Planted the seeds for future conflicts

Points for Discussion• Identify one goal of Woodrow

Wilson’s Fourteen Points.• Identify goal of Britain and France

when drawing up the Treaty of Versailles?

• What happened to German military as a result of the Treaty of Versailles

• 1/7 Focus: – The Versailles treaty was just one of five treaties

negotiated by the Allies. In the end, these agreements created feelings of bitterness and betrayal—among the victors and the defeated.

• Important Terms: – Isolationism, Mandate System

• Do Now:– Identify one way that Germany was

punished by the Treaty of Versailles.

*Global II Midterm-1/28

The Treaty of Versailles• Treaty created a

great deal of resentment in Germany – had to accept

terms of treaty• Germans felt

humiliated – Reparations

crippled the German economy

Treaty of Versailles• Created the League

of Nations– Goal was to settle

problems through negotiations rather than war

– would use economic and military cooperation to deal with aggressor states

The League of Nations

• The United States Senate voted not to join the League of Nations– Americans wanted to

return to a isolationist foreign policy

– Feared getting pulled into foreign wars

Breakup of the Austria/Hungarian Empire

• Austria/Hungarian Empire broken up by the Allies – New nations formed

from territory• Austria • Hungary • Yugoslavia • Czechoslovakia

Breakup of the Ottoman Empire

• Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1918

• lands placed under the control of Britain and France – Mandate System

• Territories administered by European powers

– Countries were suppose to be granted self determination

– Were actually run by Britain and France

Breakup of the Ottoman Empire

• Turkey – Nation formed

from what remained of the Ottoman Empire

New Nations from Russian Lands

• Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia created from Russian Territory

• Poland gained territory from Russia

Nations unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles

Legacy of the Treaty of Versailles

Germany

Italy

Russia

Japan

Humiliated and bitter feeling because of terms of the treaty

Hoped to gain more land; felt ignored by

allies

Angry about losing land to Poland, Estonia, Latvia,

Lithuania Allies did not

recognize their claims to land in China

Points for Discussion • An observer at the Paris Peace

Conference described the Treaty of Versailles as creating “a peace built on quicksand”. Why might someone describe the treaty in this manner?