human development (9) 1. issues in developmental psychology 2. stage theories of development 3....

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Human Development (9) 1. Issues in Developmental Psychology 2. Stage Theories of Development 3. Heredity and Prenatal Development 4. Infancy, Early and Middle Childhood 5. Adolescence 6. Early and Middle Adulthood 7. Later Adulthood

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Human Development (9)

1. Issues in Developmental Psychology2. Stage Theories of Development3. Heredity and Prenatal Development4. Infancy, Early and Middle Childhood5. Adolescence6. Early and Middle Adulthood7. Later Adulthood

What is Development?

• Development• the pattern of movement or change that begins at

conception and continues through the life span

• Biological processes• Cognitive processes• Socio-emotional processes• Nature vs. Nurture• Continuity vs. Discontinuity

Biological Development Step 1

MomX X

DadX Y

X X Girl

X X Girl

X Y Boy

X Y Boy

Momblue blue

Dadblue brown

blue blue = blue eyes

blue blue = blueeyes

blue brown = brown eyes

blue brown = brown eyes

Biological Development Steps 2 – 5

Step 2: zygote

Step 3: blastocyst

Step 4: embryo

Step 5: fetus

Fetal Development web site

Negative Influences on Prenatal Development

• Teratogens• Critical periods• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Physical Development

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

• Sensorimotor (0-2 ) • Preoperational (2-7 ) • Concrete Operations (7-12) • Formal Operations (12+)

• Video on Piaget

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

Trust vs. mistrust (0-1) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-6) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11) Identity vs. role confusion (11-22) Intimacy vs. isolation (22-40) Generativity vs. stagnation (40-65) Integrity vs. despair (65+)

Child Temperament

• Easy children• Difficult children• Slow to Warm-up children• Inconsistent

Parenting Styles

• Authoritarian • Authoritative • Permissive or Laissez-faire

• The goal of discipline? Self-discipline!

Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment

• Securely attached (65% of American Infants)• Avoidant attachment (20% of American Infants)• Resistant Attachment (10-15% of American

Infants)• Disorganized/disoriented attachment (5-10% of

American Infants.

• Monkey study link

Adolescence

Adolescent Egocentrism• Imaginary Audience • Personal Fable • Invulnerability Fable

Late Adulthood• Crystallized Intelligence • Fluid Intelligence

Aging and cognitive function

• Senile dementia (senility)• Alzheimer’s Disease • High blood pressure and memory• Keep up those skills!• Life expectancy quiz

Stages of Death and Dying

• Denial• Anger • Bargaining • Depression • Acceptance