Human Development Recovery Needs Assessments (HRNA)

United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Crisis Prevention & Recovery

Bangkok, ThailandNovember 2010

Presentation Aim

◌To introduce and justify Human Development Recovery Needs Assessments (HRNA) as a key element of PDNAs

◌To provide examples from Asia of recent approaches to HRNA

Presentation Order

◌What is HRNA and why is it important?

◌Who does HRNAs and how are they done?

◌Where can I find resources on HRNA?

◌What are examples of HRNA in Asia?

◌What are the lessons and challenges from recent experiences with HRNA?

What is HRNA?

◌HRNA is shorthand for “Human Development Recovery Needs Assessments”

◌HRNA are assessments that determine the requirements for the full resilient recovery of human development for affected populations, including the restoration of governance systems

◌“Resilient” recovery means that disaster risks are reduced (Sometimes called “holistic recovery” or “sustainable recovery”)

Recovery of Human Development: Definition

Measures to restore people’s abilities to recover their full potential to lead productive, creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests.

In reference to Human Development

Recovery and Human Development PathsHuman Development Index (HDI)

MDG

Pre-Crisis Development Path

Pre disaster HDI

Recovery Path

Relief

6 to 12 months 5 to 10 years Time

Why recovery of human development?

◌Development experts have learned importance of multi-disciplinary approaches to twin pillars of economic development and human development.

◌Neither approach replaces the other; two complimentary streams of analysis (DaLA and HRNA)

◌HRNA reflects concerns/priorities of individuals and stakeholders viz DaLA’s orientation to national accounts

◌Relationship between DaLA and actual recovery needs not straightforward; governments requesting more analysis to ensure recovery of human development

Why? continued...◌The needs and priorities identified by the affected

communities themselves are neglected

◌Insufficient attention is often given to the social impacts of disasters

◌Local knowledge, resources and experience are not adequately addressed

◌While macro-level socio-economic data is often collected, much information is missed at the meso- and micro-levels

◌Important opportunities may be missed

Who does HRNA?

◌Government led; Government sectoral specialists; Line ministries/departments/offices

◌PDNA sector teams◌Supported by specialised UN agencies as per

mandates, global conventions, etc.◌Informed by and builds on humanitarian

institutions and processes◌And, disaster-affected key stakeholders…

What is the focus of HRNAs?◌Effects of disaster on social/community/

household functions & processes◌Priorities for recovery interventions, sequencing

and focus areas◌Needs for resources for interventions in

monetary terms◌Capacities required to meet recovery objectives

(& measures to address gaps)◌Risk reduction measures to ensure resilient

recovery

HRNA for each sector:Should estimates impacts and requirements for:

Restoration of governance systems Measures to ensure access for all to reconstructed

infrastructure Approaches to fully restore livelihood systems Pressing basic needs and services Re-establishment of community functioning Support spontaneous recovery Post disaster capacity building Enhancing resilience against & reducing disaster risks

Where to find resources?◌Guidance is found in “Sectoral and Thematic

Methodologies for Assessing Human Impacts and Recovery Needs” (coming soon!)

◌Chapters can be found here: www.recoveryplatform.org/PDNA

◌For example: Agriculture; Community Infrastructure; Culture; Disaster Risk Reduction; Education; Environment; Gender; Governance; Health; Housing, Land, Property and Human Settlements; Information Management; Livelihoods, Employment and Income; Use of Geospatial Information and Satellite Derived Products…and more…

www.recoveryplatform.org/PDNA

Country example, HRNA - Indonesia

◌HRNA embedded in legal framework◌Linked to financing facility◌Adapting global guidance for country context◌Improved through application and post-crisis

learning◌Committed government leadership◌UN-supported

Effects to Vulnerable Groups

•Difficulties for infant to access nutritious food•Difficulties for elderly to access shelter and food•Increase of women’s burden for domestic,

reproductive and productive works because of difficulties to access water, sanitation and basic goods.

Access•Disruption of community basic health services for

infant, children and women (Posyandu)

Process

•Damages to Posyandu increases infant and children vulnerability due to disrupted access to imunitations program (polio & diptheria)

•Increase risk for Gender Based Violence

Risk

Country example, HRNA - Myanmar

◌2008 Cyclone Nargis◌Focus on affected communities’ perspectives

through Village Tract Assessment ◌Part of the Post-Nargis Joint Assessment

(PONJA) coordinated by ASEAN* Perceptions of why the disaster was so bad. * Proportion of deaths by age and gender. * Support needed by communities. * Priorities for repairing infrastructure. * Household expenditure priorities.

VTA: 30 most affected townships Loss of

◌food stocks

◌agricultural income

◌fisheries income

◌livestock income

◌seed stocks

◌shelter

Levels of destructionChanging nature of

temporary shelter

Salination of ponds Sanitation situationDamage to schoolsAccess to creditLevels of psychological

stressReach of humanitarian

efforts

Country example, Pakistan

◌2010 Monsoon Floods

◌No PDNA…but “Damage and Needs Assessment” led by IFIs…

◌UN: Focus on impact of floods on human development, using MDGs as proxies

Gross and Net Primary Enrollment

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 201540.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

110.0%

Pre-flood NER projection Post-flood NER projection Pre-flood NER levelPre-flood GER projectoins Post-flood GER projections Pre-flood GER level

GER

NER

Pre-flood pathway

Post-flood pathway

Pre-flood level

MDG 2: Survival Rate (Primary Education)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 201540.0%

45.0%

50.0%

55.0%

60.0%

65.0%

70.0%

75.0%

80.0%

Pre-flood projection Post-flood projection Pre-flood level

Survival rate

Post-flood level

Post-flood pathway Pre-flood pathway

Lessons & Challenges of HRNA◌Best to prepare for recovery planning before disasters◌Methodologies evolving rapidly, limited dissemination◌An approach versus a single methodology◌Different institutions have different expectations/uses of

PDNA materials, including DaLA and HRNA; can be challenging to reconcile and prioritise

◌DaLA can consume most of the available PDNA technical resources; experts must be dedicated to HRNA

◌Without champions, voices of disaster-affected communities do not inform recovery processes

◌Without HRNA leaders, “PDNAs” can be limited to DaLA◌Timing is challenging, given humanitarian imperatives

Thank you

◌Questions, Observations or Comments?