HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Chemical co-ordination: Where the homeostasis of the body is maintained through the actions of chemicals (hormones), either endocrine or exocrine.

Exocrine glands (system)

Secretions through tubes to tissues / places where they work.

Endocrine glands (system)

Secretions into bloodstream to go to where they will work.

Hormone: a regulatory substance produced in an organism, transported in tissue fluids such as blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Thus hormones regulate (control) actions / reactions by stimulating cells or tissues to do something.

They get to the cells via tissue fluids.

These are examples of substances released by these glands. Only the blocked ones apply.

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Hypothalamus

Brain = below & middle

ADH=Anti Diuretic HormoneControls water reabsorbtion in the kidneys.

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Pituitary / Hypophysis

Brain = attached to Hypothalamus

GH= Growth HormonePeptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration.TSH = Thyroid Stimulating HormoneStimulates thyroid gland to produce Thyroxin.FSH = Follicle Stimulating HormoneRegulates development, growth and reproductive processes.

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Pituitary / Hypophysis

Brain = attached to Hypothalamus

LH = Luteinising HormoneTriggers ovulation and formation of corpus luteum in women.In men stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone.Prolactin = Stimulates lactation (milk production after birth)

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Thyroid gland

Surrounds the trachea (butterfly / bow-tie shaped)

Thyroxin = Regulates metabolism.

(needs iodine to be produced).

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Pancreas / Islets of Langerhans

Left side of body just below diaphragm.

Insulin = peptide hormone produced by beta-cells, regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism, takes glucose out of the blood, stores in tissues.Glucagon = peptide hormone produced by alpha-cells, raises concentration of glucose in blood.

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Adrenal glands

Attached to the top of the kidneys.

Adrenaline = (Epinephrine) Increases activity of the sympathetic system during fight – or – flight responses.Aldosterone = Regulates salt (NaCl) reabsorbtion by the kidneys.

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Ovary

Left and right sides of uterus, inside body.

(O)Estrogen = primary female sex hormone for secondary sex characteristics. Stimulates endometrium growth, thickens vaginal wall etc.In males: responsible for sperm maturation.Progesterone = Maintains thickness of endometrium during pregnancy to ensure implantation.

GLAND HORMONE & FUNCTION

Testis

Left and right sides of penis, inside scrotum outside of body.

Testosterone = Principal male sex hormone, plays role in development of male reproductive tissues such as testis and prostate, AND secondary male characteristics.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

A feedback in which the system responds in an opposite direction to the disturbance.

Thyroid & Pituitary Glands

THYROID GLANDPITUITARY GLAND

THYROXINE

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Pancreas = Insulin & Glucagon

Insulin

Blood sugar

Glucagon

Blood sugar

PANCREAS

Disorders of the Endocrine System

Diabetes mellitus

Hyperthyroidism

Constitutional Growth Delay

Growth Hormone Deficiency (Dwarfism)

Primordial Dwarfism

Little Kenadie isn't expected to grow past 30 inches or weigh more than 8 pounds. But she is now running, talking, laughing, and just beginning to start talking.

This is Kenadie Jourdin Bromley who has primordial dwarfism. Kenadie is 11 years old born on Feb. 13th, 2003 weighing at just 2 lbs and 8 ounces.

Gigantism