human excreta management
TRANSCRIPT
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GROUP TEN
HUMAN EXCRETA MANAGEMENT INKUMASI
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OVERVIEW OF THEPRESENTATION
Introduction
The problem
Literature on how others have solved
the problem
Attempts to solve the problem
Recommendation
Conclusion
References
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INTRODUCTION
Operational definition of terms Human is a child, man or woman of the species of the
Homo sapiens
Excreta are substances that are eliminated from the
human body as a result of metabolism. For example:faeces and urine
Management is the act of handling or controllingsomething successful
Sludge is a thick, soft, wet mud or a similar substancewhich can be a dirty oil or an industrial waste
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INTRODUCTION CONT
Poor excreta management is a major cause of manydiseases in Kumasi.
In Ghana, about 80% of all OPD cases are water andsanitation related (Ghana Statistical Services) of which
enteric fever and diarrhoeal diseases are inclusive.
Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly landfill with faecaltreatment plant has been established for liquid and solidwaste management.
It is located at Oti in Dompoase, near Kaase in Kumasiwhere faecal sludge services have been effectivelyimplanted to take care of human waste and itsmanagement. Hence, reducing the transmission ofinfections(water and sanitation related)
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INTRODUCTION CONT
Public toilets are built at places of heavypublic activity to create convenience.
According to KMA by-laws, every four
living rooms in compound houses shouldbe entitled to at least one well-maintained toilet facility to reducepressure at public toilet facilities.
Good excreta management is necessaryto promote good health, and generateenergy and income.
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Introduction cont
The ideal situations for proper wastemanagement includes
Every household should have a well-maintained water closet.
Every house should have a goodsewage system which is drainedregularly.
Faecal sludge should be deposited atappropriate sites created.
Sludge should be well-treated beforebeing discharged into water bodies toprevent diseases
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THE PROBLEM
Open defaecation: faeces are disposed off infields, forest, bushes open water bodies andbeaches.
Pit and bucket latrines: this is a type of latrinewhich is constructed by digging a hole orinstituting a bucket which is used in place of thepit to receive faeces. This type poses a threat topublic health by the release of large amounts ofmicroorganisms to the environment.
Untreated faecal sludge discharged into waterbodies cause problems such as typhoid fever,cholera, giardiasis and worm infestations.
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SANITATION LADDER
This is classified based on the sustainabilityand maintenance of the facility, its healthimplications and effects on the environment.
Open defaecation
Unimproved sanitation facilities. Eg pitlatrines without a slab or platform, bucketlatrines.
Shared sanitation facilities
public KVIPs
Improved sanitation facilities
Septic tank, piped sewer system, flush or pourflush.
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Acceptable practices
Shared sanitation facilities:These are shared between two or more households. Eg
public KVIP
Improved sanitation facilities:
these ensure that flies and other insects do not gainaccess to the waste.
They also ensure hygienic way of waste management.
Septic tank
Piped sewer system
Flush or pour flashComposting latrine
Improved KVIPs
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Previous Attempts made to solvethe problem
Attempts have been made to recyclethe waste at KMA landfill into useful
products, but have not beenimplemented yet.
Nsutaman secondary school uses the
biomass to generate electricity.
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ATTEMPT TO SOLVE THEPROBLEM
KMA has established a department known aslandfill for liquid waste management such asexcreta
By-laws instituted by KMA to reduce poorwaste management.
Siphoning of faecal sludge when necessary
Conventional sewage system at Asafo,Ahensan and Kyerepatre to treat the excreta.
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FAECAL OR SEPTICTREATMENT PLAN
KMA landfill has dug out ponds which are interconnected
by small pipes and regulated by gates.
Household septic tanks are siphoned by the tankervehicles to the site.
The liquid waste is emptied into the anaerobic pondwhich is about 2m deep.
The sludge settles and the liquid remains on top.
A part of the liquid forms a foamy substance called
scum. Scum prevents air (oxygen) from penetrating to the
bottom of the pond
This promotes the survival of anaerobic organismswhich break down the sludge
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Faecal or septic treatment plantcont facultative pond is shallow and operates
under sunlight Maturation pond contains clean liquid Frogs and other aquatic organisms can
survive in it. The contents are discharged into
distilling basin which flows through riverOda.
Plants that absorb and neutralizes theodour are planted around the area.
Ammonia produced prevents mosquitoesfrom breeding in the ponds.
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The stages of faecalprocessing
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RECOMMENDATION
Mass education on proper wastedisposal
especially on the sanitation ladder(the
various sanitation practices ) The establishments of composting
toilet facilities.
Environmental sanitation inspection
Enforcement of the by-laws
Establishment of biogas plants fromhousehold and industrial human
excreta.
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CONCLUSION
Proper excreta disposal andmanagement is the responsibility ofevery citizen.
It reduces the contamination of waterbodies, crops and vegetables.
It reduces the spread of diseases such
as typhoid fever and cholera.
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REFERENCES
Beddow V.(2010). Kumasi: SanitationStatus. Internet publicationhttp://www.iwawaterwiki.org
Environmental health officer ofZoomlion(ZL) company limited
Interview with Don Awantungo of KMA
landfill
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GROUP MEMBERS
Amadigwe Mary-Jane3777009
Bandoh Acheampomaa
3778209 Igbokwe Obianuju Nonyerem
3779509
Opare Sylvia Nana Yaa3780809
Owusu Vida 5956711
Sekyere Robertha